• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to understand the overall status of the monitoring program for pesticide residues in foods of South Korea. Further propositions for its improvement were made, and from this study, the status on this program can be summarized as follows. In South Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is responsible for overall control of pesticide residue monitoring. Depending on the time of monitoring (sampling at distribution or production step), the government agency responsible for monitoring is different: MFDS, Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods at the distribution step, while the National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS) and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods in the production step (partially at sale and distribution steps). According to purpose of monitoring, domestic monitoring programs could be divided into two types: MFDS's "Residue Survey" and NAQS's "National Residue Survey" are conducted mainly for risk assessment purposes and various monitoring programs by the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are conducted mainly for regulation purposes. For imported foods, monitoring should be conducted at both steps of customs clearance and distribution: the MFDS and the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety are responsible for the former, and for the latter, local governments are also responsible. However, it appeared that systematic and consistent monitoring programs are not being conducted for imported foods at the distribution step. Based on the information described above and more detailed information included in this paper, the following proposals for improving the monitoring program were forwarded: i) further clarification of monitoring program purpose, ii) strengthening of the monitoring program for imported foods, iii) providing the public with monitoring results by publication of an annual report and database. It is thought that exhaustive review on the pesticide residue monitoring program and efforts for its improvement are needed in order to assure both food safety and the success of the recently begun positive list system (PLS).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.311-324
• /
• 2022

This study analyzed the types of scientific emoticons made by science-gifted elementary school students and their perceptions on making scientific emoticons. To do this, 71 students from 4th to 6th graders of two gifted science education center in Seoul were selected. Scientific emoticons made by the students were analyzed according to the number and types. Their perceptions on making scientific emoticons were also analyzed through a questionnaire and group interviews. In the analyses for types of text in the scientific emoticons, 'word type' and 'sentence type' were made more than 'question and answer type'. And the majority of students made more 'pun using pronunciation type' and 'mixed type' than other types. They also made more 'graphic type' and 'animation type' than 'text type' in the images of the scientific emoticons. In the analyses for the information of the scientific emoticons, 'positive emotion type' and 'negative emotion type' of scientific emoticons were made evenly. The students made more 'new creation type' than 'partial correction type' and 'entire reconstruction type'. They also used scientific knowledge that preceded the knowledge of science curriculum in their grade level. The scientific knowledge of chemistry was used more than physics, biology, earth science, and combination field. 'Name utilization type' was more than 'characteristic utilization type' and 'principle utilization type'. Students had various positive perceptions in making scientific emoticons such as 'increase of scientific knowledge', 'increase of various higher-order thinking abilities', 'ease of explanation, use, memory, and understanding of scientific knowledge', 'increase of fun, enjoyment, and interest about science and science learning', and 'increase of opportunity to express emotions'. They were also aware of some limitations related to 'difficulties in the process of making scientific emoticons', 'lack of time', and 'limit that it may end just for fun'. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.42
• /
• pp.257-290
• /
• 2021

The Wonju Nongyo (agricultural work song) is geographically classified as eastern minyo (folk song) which has many distinctive, regional features such as tunes, forms and the use of a melodic line. There has been growing attention to the transmission value of the nongyo including the Wonju Eorirang of the Wonju Origol Nongyo and its region of origin. The Wonju Nongyo is of great value and worthy of preservation in the western part of Gangwon Province. For this reason, it seems fairer to say that a focus should be directed towards establishing the identity of the song and increasing the contextualisation of transmission. At the same time, the preservation association's efforts in passing the traditional song down and education activities fairly deserve equal attention. In addition to the way the folk songs are handed down, a discussion on the facilitation of their use will be required. An in-depth discussion about the restoration and use of the song will be encouraged in a multifaceted manner. Unfortunately, few of the previous literatures on nongyo has gone so far as to investigate Arirang as a separate research topic. In fact, the Wonju Origol Nongyo should be viewed as an intangible cultural asset that paved the way for performance artistry of the Korean agricultural work songs to be seen at a national folk art festival. From the perspective of regional characteristics (traditionally termed "tori"), the Wonju Eorirang represents the cultural value of the manners and customs of our locals which constitute unwritten and neglected literary property and musicality of the song. Particularly, a more attention should be paid to making a record of woodcutters and diversity of farmers' small cooperative groups. The existence of the Wonju Eorirang indicates that the melodies to which the song are sung in Nongyo are of infinite variety. A minyo-singer unfolds various journeys of life through various modes and structure of epic chants, ranging from first encounter, love to marriage, realistic problems to relationship with husband's family and death. The epic chant of the Wonju Origol Nongyo contains a rich variety of regional sentiments about life. In particular, the epic chants of the Galtteukgisor and Ssoeltteukgisori are a genius example of sexual satire and a sense of humor. In the past, the agricultural work songs were rhythmic songs served to synchronize physical movements in groups, coordinating tasks in upland farming and rice paddy with the usage of catchy, repetitive verses easy to pass down. The Wonju Origol Nongyo is a precursor of the work songs which took the farming activities a notch higher to be part of the excitement and festivals. In the context of transmission, a festival serves to demonstrate the value of history and life. The value of the Wonju Eorirang should be appreciated and a concerted effort should be made to find a way to facilitate the transmission of the folk song. A folk-singer is a traditional oral poet and a storyteller of minyo and the forms and species of melody solely depend on the signer. The combination of performance and witticism is shown by the singer freely expressing himself. The Origol Nongyo symbolizes ethnic arts cleverly combining playful effects such as tune, rhythm and old agricultural work of the region. It is to be hoped that much of the efforts is directed to designating such folk songs as the archetype of a cultural heritage. In terms of the foundation on which the folk songs are transmitted, the usage(Performance Content) of a community would be an alternative.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2018

This study was initiated because many studies would be necessary to promote Korean ginseng products when the sales of Korean ginseng are declining and many Korean ginseng farmers are facing economic difficulties. The increase in domestic sales is important, but this study is targeting for foreigner's perceptions of Korean ginseng and how to improve the products. The goal of this study is to analyze how to increase their purchase intentions of Korean ginseng products. Questionnaire survey research methods were used to learn more about making certain improvements to ginseng products, consumers are hoping, how affect their perceptions and purchase intentions of Korean ginseng, as well as how foreigners' perceptions of Korean ginseng products affects purchase intentions. Because it's difficult to find any studies about foreigner's Korean ginseng purchase intentions, the survey was expanded to include how people take care of their health, the accessibility of purchasing ginseng products, psychological factors as well as consumer characteristics, satisfaction with Korean ginseng, and intentions of buying Korean ginseng products. The result of the analysis on how making certain desired improvements to and perceptions of Korean ginseng products affect purchase intentions indicated that Korean ginseng perceptions highly affected the purchase intentions; however making certain improvements to ginseng products showed a low impact on the purchase intentions. In other words, making certain improvements, such as convenience of the ginseng products, doesn't affected Korean ginseng purchase intentions directly. On the other hand, it showed that the usefulness, its high quality, and safety trust of Korean ginseng have a big impact on purchasing intentions. If the ginseng that is grown and processed in Korea is better promoted for its high value, the Korean ginseng farmers who are facing many economic difficulties will be able to raise their income.

• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and variation of the anion and cation number in the aerosols at 16 sites in the Jeju area. The average value of anion counts was raged from 449.35 ions/cm³ at Jeju city to 3471.25 ions/cm³ in the Chunjiyeon falls. In order, the lowest Jeju-si < hamdeok < 1100 m < farm < gyorae A < saryoni < jeolmul < gyorae B < geomunoreum < halla forest < hallasan garden < seongpanak < dongbaeksan < jeongbang < wonyang, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the anion counts of the measured values in the order of elevation. The mean value of cation measurements was from 90 ions/cm³ for Cheonjiyeon, to 729.8 ions/cm³ for Halla forest garden, which showed the highest value. In order, the lowest 729.8 ions/cm³ of Cheonjiyeon < 1100 m < dongbaeksan < Jeju-si < saryoni < wonyang < seongpanak < hamdeok < jeongbang < gyorae B < jeolmul < Farm < gyorae A < halla forest < geomun and < halla garden, respectively. The geographically low area and the high area were measured low and difference in the two ions. The differences between the content of the anion, cation and/or altitude were significant each other in the variance analysis. The correlation between the anion and cation content and/or altitude was statistically significant (r=.396, p<.001). In conclusion, the result of showing the temporal distribution and variation of the anion and cation content in the aerosols in Jeju island forests provides important information for healthcare.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.335-341
• /
• 2024

Objectives: Patients with cancer eventually fail to respond to therapy when malignant cells develop effective ways to evade immunosurveillance. Conventional cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, aim to cure the disease or prolong the patient's life. However, the toxicity and side effects of conventional treatments limit their efficacy. Herbal medicine is a typical complementary and integrative form of medicine for cancer treatment in Asia. This protocol evaluates the effectiveness of herbal medicines in improving the immune function of patients with cancer. Methods: The following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Korean databases including Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). Additionally, prospective randomized controlled trials that evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicines on immune function in patients with cancer will be included in this review. All outcomes related to the immune function of patients with cancer (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD19 (B cells), dendritic cells (CD11), CD56 (NK cells), and macrophages) will be included in this review. Results: This review is expected to provide data on the effectiveness of herbal medicines on improving immune functions in patients with cancers. Conclusion: This systematic review will help patients and clinicians establish new management options for cancer treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.673-681
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to develop kombucha with better functionality. The developed kombucha (CK) was prepared using the sugar extracts from fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carrière) Bureau ex Lavallée instead of the sugar, which is used as a substrate for SCOBY in conventional kombucha (K). During fermentation, the soluble solids content significantly decreased in CK compared to K, and the pH change decreased rapidly in CK compared to K. On the 14^th day of fermentation, the weight of the SCOBY in CK was higher than that in K. Immediately after preparation, K contained only sucrose, but CK contained sucrose, glucose, and fructose. SCOBY appears to use glucose and fructose preferentially during fermentation. K contained acetic acid and citric acid right after preparation. However, as fermentation progressed, the composition changed to acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid. At the same time, CK initially consisted of citric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid. However, acetic acid and citric acid increased but lactic acid decreased significantly on the 14^th day of fermentation. In the cytotoxicity studies, the CK showed a proliferation-promoting effect on normal lung cells (MRC-5) and strong cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells (A549). These results suggest that the kombucha made from sugar extracts of C. tricuspidata fruits can be used as a more functional beverage than regular kombucha.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.33
• /
• pp.223-246
• /
• 2013

Even though cartoons and narration comics were born from different origin, they have been called by names such as 'cartoons' or 'comics'. The reason can be found in the similarity of cartoons and narration comics. The similarity of cartoons and narration comics is the genre consisting of writing and drawing. Writing can be the format of expression and it can represent the story. Such story is present as a component of 'narration'. Sub genre of comics includes cartoons and narration comics. It includes animation in a broad range. In cases of narration comics and animation, it is thought that narration is present with continuity of time. However, in case of cartoon, because one or two cuts without continuity of writing are frequently expressed, it is being asked whether narration is present. It is easy to be reminded of epic or chanson de geste whenever you hear 'narration'. Since it deals with a biography of the character, we think the concept of 'narration' with temporality. However, narration provides a certain event in a broad range. Thus, cartoons presenting one event with the image may have the existence of narration, because description of multiple scenes of narrative comics can be implicitly represented in cartoons. As such implications leave a space, the empty space can be filled by active reasoning of recipients. However, nevertheless, it is very difficult to find studies as well as mentions of narration in cartoons. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the concept and structure of narration and demonstrate the presence of narration in cartoons. First of all, we looked at the narration theory in literature before studying narration in cartoons. The reason is that we thought the approach to the literary theory was required in order to investigate the basic elements, since cartoons are a collection of writing and drawing. We were focused on the prerequisites of narration presented in "story and discourse" of s. Chatman. If the prerequisites of narration are present, we can assume that the narration is present. The prerequisites are 'narration reasoning', 'screening', 'consistency', 'process statements' and 'stasis statement'. As s. Chatman described them as prerequisites of narration, he analyzed the narration structures of films and novels. In addition, we revealed that the narrations were present in cartoons as we identified how prerequisites of narration presented by Chatman were presented and expressed through "vocabulary of comics", "Timeframe" and "life in the line" described in "understanding comics" by Scott McCloud.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2007

Extracts from Schizandra chinensis Baillon (Korean name: Omija) were tested for antioxidant and their inhibitory activities of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Total contents of phenolics were found as 4.35 mg/g (water extract)${\sim}$6.35 mg/g (60% ethanol extract). Electron donating ability (EDA), ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiaznoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization, antioxidant protection factor (PF) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured for the antioxidative activity of the extracts from S. chinensis. The water extract were determined as 97.5% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ while the activity of 60% ethanol extract were 96.2% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ in EDA. The 60% ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than water extract when evaluated by ABTS radical decolorization, antioxidant PF and TBARS. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitory activity of water extract was similar with that of 60% EtOH extract. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of water extract (97.4%) was higher than that of 60% ethanol extract (84.5%) at 200 ${\mu}g$/ml. The water extract from S. chinensis did not show an antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, but the 60% ethanol extract showed high antimicrobial activities such as 23 ${\pm}$ 1.6 mm of clear zone in 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ of phenolics. The result suggest that the water and 60% ethanol extract from S. chinensis will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2000

Due to the urbanization, concentrated population, and limited land exploitation in the modern society, the environment surrounding that we live in is getting polluted more and more, and it has become hard even to let urban children experience the nature. This research was conducted to help people recognize the importance of our natural resources through the environmental education of elementary school and to use school's practical open-space for the Indigenous Plants education. The results of this study are as follows : First, the status of a plant utilization in our institutional education : There were 362 species totally of 124 species of Trees, 156 species of Herbs, 63 species of Crops, and 19 species of Hydrophytes which appear in the elementary school text book. Of all, the most frequently appearing species of tree were the Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Pinus densijlora, Citrus unshiu, Diospyros kaki. Second, the effect of plant education using the land around schools : The result of research on the open-space of the 19 elementary schools located in Mapo-gu showed that most of the species planted are the Juniperus chinensisrose, Hibiscus syriacus. Pelargonium inquinans in the order of size, and the plants appearing in text book were grown in the botanical garden organized in 7 schools. Especially most of the Indigenous Plants were being planted in botanical garden, and Pinus densijlora, Abeliophyllum distichum, Polygonatum var. plurijlorum, Liriope platyphylla and so on. Last, the result of this research on recognition of Environment, Planting education and Indigenous plants : It showed that educational necessity of students and teachers about environment and Indigenous Plants was more than 80%. The management of botanical garden was conducted by some teachers and managers. The results of this study suggested that we needed the reconstruction of curriculum, the efficient application of plant education for effectiveness of using school environment and monitoring continually and construction information sources for the better environment education in the elementary schools.