• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2015

스마트워터그리드의 목적은 기존 용수부족 문제의 근본적인 해결을 위해 새로운 취수원을 개발하고, 지역 내의 수자원을 효율적으로 활용하는 방안을 강구하는 시스템을 구축하는데 있다. 따라서 운영비용을 최소화하면서 수요처에 적정한 수량과 수질의 용수를 공급할 수 있도록 해야한다. 스마트워터그리드 구축 시 설비 비용에 대한 부담으로 보급 확산에 어려움을 겪을 가능성이 높으므로, 비용 효과적(Cost-effective)인 측면에서 스마트워터그리드의 경제성을 검토할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 자료의 한계로 인해 기존의 다중수원에 대한 경제성분석 사례를 인용하여 상수도 생산원가 절감액, 댐 건설과 관련된 비용의 감소, 물 오염 감소 등으로 편익을 간접적으로 계산하고, 기술적으로 물량이 충분하다는 가정하에 다중수원들간의 비용효과분석 수행하였다. 분석결과, 현재 공급하고 있는 상수도 시스템이 다른 다중취수원에 비해 비용효과적 우위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지하수, 해수담수화 등 새로운 수원을 찾는 노력이 필요하며 지하수는 가장 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 대체 수원이지만, 관정개발에 많은 비용이 들고 대량으로 수원을 공급하기 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 해수담수화는 대체수자원으로서 중요성이 더욱 강조될 것으로 보이지만, 시설의 설치 및 운영에 드는 높은 비용과 함께 육지에서 물을 대량으로 연안에서 멀리 떨어져 있거나 고도가 높은 지역은 해수담수화 기술의 적용이 어려울 것으로 여겨진다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

In this study, we have performed electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), X-ray differaction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), far-infrared (FIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and pH-DO Analyses for characterizing medicinal mineralogy aspect of the black tourmaline (Shantung, china), black and pink tourmaline (Minas Geraris, Brazil), black touemaline (Daeyu mine, Korea). In addition, heating effects of the tourmaline sauna as well as the effects of tourmaline powder-added soap on skin troubles have been investigated. It has been revealed that chemical composition of the tourmaline is either high in Fe-, Al-, B-rich types. Ratio of the K-Ca, Na-K, and Fe-B reflects the component change property of solid solution. $CaO/CaO+Na_2O$ and MgO/FeO+MgO ratio show high positive correlation. When tourmaline reacts with distilled water, extended reaction time DO values approximately decrease and it stabilizes at DO = 10. Otherwise, pH values increase until 6 hours and it stabilizes at pH = 8 after 24 hours. Distilled water changes to alkaline when it reacts with tourmaline powder and particles. Tourmaline showed lower absorption spectrum strength and transmittance at short wave, where absorption spectrum wavelength and strength were determined by the content of the composition elements and characteristics of crystallography. Increase of the Fe content has been confirmed to be the cause for the reduction of irradiation. For the chemical composition and spectral property of the tourmaline particle samples, it has been found that Si and Fe contents show positive correlation with Far-Infrared irradiation, while Al and Mg contents show negative correlation. For tourmaline powder, it has been confirmed that $^{17}O-NMR$ FWHM (full width at half maximum) decreases when reacts with distilled water. Tourmaline sauna (approximately $100^{\circ}C$) was found to increase $0.5-1.5^{\circ}C$ of body temperature, average of 12 heartbeat, and 10mg Hg of blood pressure. Tourmaline soap had very good aesthetic effect to skin and was confirmed to have above the average improvements to skin troubles (e.g., allergy or atopy).

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Red mud is an inorganic by-product produced from the mineral processing of alumina from Bauxite ores. The development of alkali-activated slag-red mud cement can be a representative study aimed at recycling the strong alkali of the red mud as a construction material. This study is to investigate the optimum water content, compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence of alkali-activated slag-red mud soil pavement according to binder type. The results showed that the optimum water content, moisture absorption coefficient and efflorescence area of alkali-activated slag-red mud soil pavement increased but the compressive strength of that decreased as the redmud content increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.549-552
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• 2008

The cement is accomplished with CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, etc. After pulverizing materials of the limestone, the sand and the clay(shale), iron ore, the cement becomes clinker materials sintering from the rotary kiln of oxidizing atmosphere. The part in the materials of the clinker is substituted with slag, sludge etc. and it is used. because The chromium which is to be included in the clinker materials, in sintering process hexavalent chromium is converted with the chrome. Consequently it changed the type and a content of clinker materials and test hexavalent chromium of the clinkers which is manufactured.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.739-746
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of emulsion-type sausage where part of the pork was substituted with horse meat during manufacturing. Three treatments of sausages were manufactured by replacing pork with 0, 50 and 100% horse meat. After manufacturing, sausages were vacuum-packaged and stored 4℃ for 1 day. An increase in horse meat resulted in higher moisture, protein content, and pH values, and lower fat content of sausage(P<0.05). However, no significant effects were observed on texture characteristics and sensory attributes of sausage. The horse meat sausage had higher K, Fe, Zn, Cu, saturated fatty acid contents than 0% horse meat level. Based on the results, it can be concluded that horse meat can be used as a meat replacer in the manufacture of emulsion-type sausages up to a level of 100%.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.431-455
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• 2009

This study estimates the WTP for the plan of solving deforestation due to limestone mining and calculates that damage cost using contingent valuation method. As the results of analysing a dichotomous choice CV data, the yearly mean WTP per household for the plan is 5,045 won(95% confidence interval : 3,729~6,360 won) in single bounded CV model and is 4,361 won(95% confidence interval : 3,710~5,012 won) in double bounded CV model. The damage cost of deforestation due to limestone mining can be estimated as 55.3% of WTP for the plan which is assigned to restoring the deforestation area to the original or similar alternative state. The average yearly deforestation cost of 1 ha due to limestone mining is reached 20.90 million won(95% confidence interval : 16.53~25.27 million won). And the asset value of that 1 ha damage is 160.02 million won(95% confidence interval : 126.56~193.49 million won). The fact is found that the damage cost of deforestation using replacement cost method is likely to be underestimated. The total damage cost of deforestation because of limestone mining in 3 cities (Donghae, Samcheok, Yeongwol) is 204.0 billion won(95% confidence interval : 161.4~246.7 billion won) which is composed of 26.5% for Donghae, 28.9% for Samcheok, and 44.6% for Yeongwol according to the damage size of deforestation due to limestone mining in 3 cities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 1998

The survey was carried out in order to delineate the occurrence of ore deposits and the mineralized characteristics in the Estancia de la Virgen area through the 1:2,000 scaled geological mapping and topographic measuring surveys. Gold-silver mineralization is in the fault block developed between the San Agustin Fault and Cabanas Fault. It is associated with ore bearing quartz veins controlled by the fault structure. The contents of Au and Ag range from traces up to 72 g/t and 180 g/t respectively. According to traversing the outcrops, the quartz veins are traced by 0.5 Km trended to north and south. In those extended part, they continue for 1,000 m intermittently. Gold-silver mineralization could be divided into three stages. In the first stage, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite were formed with the primary silver and gold associated with galena and copper sulfides respectively. In the second stage, Cu-Bi-Au-Ag bearing sulfides such as chalcocite, covellite, and linarite are formed and usually deposited on the cataclastic fractures of galena and/or chalcopyrite. In the third stage, both the carbonation of galena and sphalerite and the sulphatization of galena, took place in the surface environment. And then primary silver was carried away off and was deposited on galena and/or copper sulfides during oxidation near the water table. Low partitionings of Fe in sphalerite assist that the minerals were formed at the relatively low temperature, which is coincided with previously reported homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.485-497
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• 2019

The Jade Investiture Books in Joseon Dynasty shows diverse facies with various petrographic characteristics to green and white based on color. In lithologically, the green rocks are jade composed of calcite and serpentine, and the white ones are marbles consisting mainly in crystalline calcite. As a result of X-ray diffraction of jade rocks, the more green in color, the more increased intensity of serpentine appears. Therefore, the grade of jade is correlated with contents of serpentine. The Jade Investiture Books owned by the National Palace Museum of Korea are subdivided with 104 (41.3%) books made by only jade rocks, 98 (38.9%) books made by only marbles, and 50 (19.8%) books mixed with jade rocks and marbles. Among the mixed ones, 47 (18.6%) books consisted mainly of the marbles. This result shows the superior marble books occupy more than half of the total books. The Jade Investiture Books made in early Joseon Dynasty are composed of high grade jade. However, the grade of jade had decreased as the kings changed in process of time, and the composition of marble had increased in reverse proportion of jade. The quality of letter pigments, metal accessories and fabrics also had decreased with jade. These trends are reflected in the aspect of society such as weakening royal authority, national power and finance with the course of time. The jade of the books has different mineralogical characteristics from some modern jade produced in Chuncheon nephrite and Buyeo precious serpentine in Korea. Meanwhile, there is ancient literature that described quarries from Namyang in Hwaseong of Gyeonggi province. This area has a wide distribution of gneiss, limestone and limesilicate rocks are interbedded between muscovite schist. The limesilicate rocks contain diopside, which produced serpentine through alteration. It has possibility to make the Jade Investiture Books using these small amounts of jade through mining activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.125-137
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• 2010

Jongmyo royal shrine, located in Seoul, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and a cultural relic of national value and significance. Examination of its udobakseok(granitic flagstone; thin, flat and even stepping-stones for the King) has shown that parts are in damaged condition. In this study, GIS and GPS technologies were applied to determine the extent of damage and to find granitic flagstone for replacement and restoration of the damaged stones. 1,158 out of 2,361 stone pieces of the udobakseok were damaged at Jongmyo. Replacement granitic flagstones are available on Seokmo Island, in Ganghwa County, and estimates show that approximately 100,000 pieces of stone can be quarried. This research aided the systematic management of information about availability and location of granitic flagstones for restoration of the Jongmyo udobakseok. It also demonstrated that GIS and GPS technologies can apply a critical role in managing cultural properties. The wide use of GIS and GPS technologies can be expected for survey and management of other cultural properties in addition to Jongmyo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 1968

In order to clarify the effect of various forms or phosphate on the production of paddy in Korea and to find out the superiority of any form, a number of field and pot experiments involving various phosphate fertilizers were carried out in addition to conducting one each of sand culture and soil culture pot experiments in 1963 and 1964. The results of these studies are summarized as follows: 1. In sand culture experiment, the best effect of a phosphate fertilizer was obtained with the mono-calcium phosphate which is soluble in water, followed by citric acid soluble phosphate such as fused phosphate and di-calicum phosphate. However, in the pot culture and field experiments, fused phosphate had shown it's superiority than triple superphosphate which contains water soluble form of phosphate followed by hypo phosphate, roasted phosphate, compound fertilizer, and slag phosphate. The effect of rock phosphate was the least in most cases. 2. The superiority of fused phosphate to triple super phosphate in soil culture was supposed to be: a) The fused phosphate can neutralize the soil acidity. b) The fused phosphate can supply magnesium and magnesium lead to the balanced conditions of exchangeable bases in soils. c) The magnesium in the fused phosphate helps the transportation of phosphate, and regulate the absorption of the element.