• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.669-676
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• 2022

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have the advantage of being able to reliably manage details after minting, but how can ideas be protected before being converted to NFTs? The use of NFTs to increase the value of digital assets is increasing, but the problem of creating and selling NFTs without the consent of the creator is also increasing. Existing methods for protecting creators include a method of using a traditional authentication system and a method of using a social network, but each has limitations. Therefore, in this study, an identity token utilization method is proposed as a way to supplement the existing limitations. When an identity token is used, a certified NFT is issued through an existing identity authentication authority, so the verification of the authenticity of the token becomes clear. In addition, in inheritance and transfer, it becomes possible to respond to legal problems related to the transfer of creative rights.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.523-529
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• 2022

Art sponsorship contributed to the development of culture and art by supporting art activities to be financially stable. Various problems in the non-fungible tokens (NFTs) market, such as speculative transactions, are also expected to be improved through sound art sponsorship. This study proposes methods of implementing art sponsorship using NFTs and smart contracts. First, we propose a method of posting the acknowledgement of art sponsorship using NFT metadata. Second, we propose a method to remit sponsorship funds according to the project schedule using time-locked wallets. Third, we propose a method to remit sponsorship funds when major events of the project occur or requirements are met using Event-Driven Execution. The proposed methods can be used to share the fact about art sponsorship and safely fund it. However, many decisions about art projects must be made based on information generated outside the blockchain, which can lead to Oracle problems, so further research is needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.667-673
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• 2021

Unauthorized generations and sales of non-funable tokens (NFTs) without the consent of the creator is one of the biggest problems that arise in NFT Marketplaces. This study proposes a method to practically reduce the problem of NFT sales without the consent of the creator by means of authentication with social media accounts. Through the proposed method, creators who are already using social media as a means of communication and marketing for creative activities can authenticate with their own accounts. Creators who have difficulty authenticating with their own accounts will be provided with alternatives to authenticate using human networks. In addition, the proposed method of protecting creator rights was designed using a flowchart to enable development using only the public API (Application Programming Interface) provided by social media. The proposed method can protect creators' rights and reduce damage caused by NFT fraud by inducing buyers to trade NFTs of authorized sellers through social media.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2024

This paper addresses the issue of anonymity protection in the trading of Real-World Asset (RWA) tokens, a prominent topic in the cryptocurrency market in recent years. The principle of transparency inherent in blockchain technology makes it challenging to ensure the anonymity of traders. Although there have been instances in existing blockchain research where mixer services have been utilized to protect the privacy of Fungible Tokens (FTs), and prior studies have explored the privacy protection for Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), RWA tokens, which can embody characteristics of both FTs and NFTs and are tied to physical assets, present a complex challenge in achieving the goal of anonymity protection through any single method. This paper proposes a hypothetical token trading platform, ARTeX, and describes the trading process to analyze measures for protecting the anonymity of RWA token transactions.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.73
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• pp.47-79
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• 2022

NFT is literally a 'non-fungible token', a digital file that records specific virtual assets on a blockchain. Events such as ownership of the asset and transaction history are recorded on the blockchain through the token transaction, so counterfeiting and falsification are impossible. Therefore, NFT is used as a tool that can uniquely represent a specific virtual asset. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of NFT from a records management point of view and to find ways to use them, and focuses on digital records that have the characteristics of assets as digital works. For this purpose, we first examine the basic concept of NFT and the principle of ownership and proof of value as an asset for digital works. In addition, it was confirmed how the advantages of NFT were applied through NFT use cases in various fields, and in particular, areas related to audio-visual records such as art, music, sports, and fashion were focused on. Furthermore, by comparing the characteristics of digital records with those of NFT, factors applicable to electronic records were identified. Finally, the types of digital records that are expected to be effective in the application of NFT were identified, and the possibility of their use and discussion points for introduction in records management are presented.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.258-260
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• 2022

대체 불가능 토큰 (NFT, non-fungible token)은 고유하고 더 이상 분할할 수 없는 특성을 가지고 있다. NFT 는 디지털 콘텐츠에 대한 소유권을 증명해 주지만 현재 1) 소유권 증명 이상의 유틸리티가 명확하지 않고, 2) 토큰이지만 유동성이 거의 없으며, 3) 가격이 예측 불가능하다. 특히, 부동산의 경우 가격이 매우 높은 특징으로 인하여 투자 진입장벽이 매우 높다. NFT 분할을 하면 유동성의 증가, 그리고 접근성 증가에 따른 커뮤니티 볼륨의 증가를 기대해 볼 수 있다. 이러한 특성을 활용하여 기존에 투자하기 어려웠던 부동산을 다양한 기술을 활용하여 쉽게 투자를 할 수 있게 된다. 또한, Black Litterman 모델을 활용하여 보다 여러 종류의 NFT 들에 대한 최적 포트폴리오를 구성할 수 있는 알고리즘을 설계하고 구현하였다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 2021

This study aims to empirically prove that blockchain games can provide business model innovations through interoperability among NFT based game items. Through our research on 'PlayDapp platform', we figured out that the technological innovation of blockchain games not only has provided a positive influence to the socio-economic and industrial ecosystem perspectives, but also it differentiates companies(game developers and platform providers in this eco-system) and increases customer benefits.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.365-370
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• 2023

Royalty contributed to the development of the non-fungible token (NFT) ecosystem as a reward system that pays a portion of the sales to the creator whenever transactions occur. This study quantitatively analyzes the impact of the abolition of royalties, which is being expanded by some NFT marketplaces, on the NFT market, and qualitatively analyzes the results of the impact. The analysis results are as follows. First, the number of NFT mints is decreasing by causing creators to leave the NFT market and reducing new entry. Second, major NFT projects have refused to trade with marketplaces that have abolished royalties, leading to a decrease in the number of transactions. Third, the abolition of royalties has undermined the motivation of NFT creators to continue to develop their projects, leading to a drop in NFT floor prices. This study is expected to contribute to reducing the current negative impact in the short term by suggesting how the NFT community provides incentives to owners who voluntarily pay royalties independently of the policy of the NFT marketplace. In addition, it suggests that in the long run, fundamental solutions to the problem of abolishing royalties require improvements in technology related to royalty payments, cooperation between NFT marketplaces and NFT creators, and institutional support related to royalties.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.453-467
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• 2024

The Metaverse's virtual world is used in various industries and is expected to continue to grow in the future. In addition, the Metaverse is a new type of society that integrates various new technologies, and NFT products play an essential role. Therefore, NFT product characteristics and industry trends should be assessed to revitalize the NFT market. To this end, this study confirms the influence relationship between social presence and NFT product characteristics in the Metaverse environment and examines the impact of each characteristic on consumer satisfaction and continued engagement intention to NFT product. Statistical analysis such as exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using IBM SPSS Amos was conducted on data collected through a survey targeting male and female Korean consumers in their age group 10 to 50. Study results indicate that social presence significantly impacted all characteristics of NFT products (authenticity, scarcity, rarity, collectability, and interactivity). Scarcity and authenticity significantly impacted consumer satisfaction, and both authenticity and consumer satisfaction significantly impacted continued engagement intention. Thus, effective product development and marketing strategies can be established only by presenting different emphasized characteristics depending on the type of NFT product and the Metaverse's social presence.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.484-486
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• 2022

대체 불가능한 토큰을 의미하는 NFT 는 블록 체인 기반 기술 중 하나로 소유권과 거래 이력이 블록 체인에 기록이 된다는 장점을 지녀 미술 작품 거래에도 활발히 활용되고 있다. 하지만 현재 NFT 작품 거래 시장은 주식거래와 같이 회전율과 거래량을 중점으로 투기성이 짙으며, 작품의 섬네일 이미지만으로 거래 의사를 판단하는 경우가 많다는 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 작품의 다양한 특성에 대한 고려가 함께 이루어질 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 작품의 다양한 변수를 수집하여 최적의 변수 조합을 찾아내고, 이미지 전이 학습과 생성 알고리즘을 활용해 다양한 변수가 가격에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 했다. 연구 결과 이미지 만을 활용한 가격 예측은 정확도가 높지 않다는 사실을 확인하였고 작품이 가진 여러 특성을 변수로 한 정형 데이터의 가격 예측 정확도가 더 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 생성 알고리즘을 통해 새로운 특성 조합의 작품들을 만들었고 가격을 수치 예측해보았다. 이를 실제 작가의 작품의 가격과 가격의 변동 추이를 대조해 작가의 작품 판매 가격 평균치 이상인 작품의 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.