• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.645-649
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• 2007

Ground systems flow fault currents into the ground, and suppress Ground Potential Rise (GPR) by the current. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a surge impedance meter to analyze the ground impedance in wide frequency ranges. The meter consists of a surge generator, a high speed sample/hold (S/H) circuit and an associated electronics. The surge generator produces surge voltage up to 5kV in ranges of $50\sim500ns$. Field tests were carried out to evaluate the surge impedance meter at a driven-rod ground system. The results showed that surge impedance of ground systems should be measured by various fast surge waveforms, since the impedance increases as the rise time of applied voltage increases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.615-617
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• 2005

대기중에 위치한 뇌운안에 전하가 떠다니는 상태에서는 구름안과 주변에 높은 전계의 전위가 발생한다. 이 전하가 축적되면 대지 방전이 발생하고 송전선로 등에 뇌격이 침입하게 된다. 뇌 방전은 수 km에 달하는 대기중에 발생하는 거대한 전기현상이지만 이 낙뢰가 전기의 흐름이라는 것은 벤자민 프랭클린의 현장 시험에 대해 최초로 증명되었다. 이러한 대기중에 발생하는 거대한 전기현상인 낙뢰가 송전선로에 침입하여 송선선로 애자련을 섬락시키는 과정은 대단히 복잡한 전자기적인 현상이다. 그것은 가스 방전 현상, 감속에 중요한 역할을 하는 전자계의 빠른 변화, 도체와 철탑에 나타나는 코로 나와 관련된 비선형 효과 및 주파수 및 전류와 관련된 대지의 임피던스 통 다양한 현상이 종합적으로 관련된다. 따라서 가공 송전선로의 낙뢰에 대한 동작특성의 평가시 낙뢰 현상의 불규칙한 특성 및 신뢰할만한 데이터의 부족에 따른 많은 불확실성이 존재한다. 이 때문에 가공 송전선로에서 낙뢰에 의한 트립(Trip) 사고수의 계산을 위해 단순화된 방법이 아주 유용하며 효과적일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 EGM (Electrogeometric Model) 모델을 사용하여 대지경사자의 크기에 따른 차폐실패 트립 사고율의 영향을 검토하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Generally, in the calculation of ground resistance in the grounding system, the method measuring ground potential rise which is caused by low frequency source injection is used. But both lightning and surge impulse re very harmful to electric equipment. In this connection, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of transient behavior of ground impedances when lightening current is injected to the electric rod the experimental results are agreement with the theoretical analysis. In addition, the states on the behavior of ground electrodes under impulse currents due to lighting strokes are presented. And the impulse impedance reductions caused by discharge in the soils are presented.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.2207-2209
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 접지 모델을 활용하여 접지계의 임펄스 임피던스를 계산하고, 선로 임피던스에 연결된 접지 임피던스의 반사계수를 계산하여 대지로 유입되는 분류율을 평가하였다. 따라서 접지 저항을 낮추는 경우 평상시 전위 상승효과를 줄일 수는 있지만 위험전압의 인가시에는 인축의 안전과 기기의 절연 측면에서 악조건의 상황이 될 수 있다. 또한 접지 모델에서 용량의 변화와 접지 저항의 변화에 따른 반사계수의 변화를 확인하였고, 상용 주파수 근처에서는 저항 성분만 존재하고 리액턴스 효과는 없음을 확인하였다.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.9 s.105
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• pp.92-95
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• 1985

OA기기에서의 접지기술은 어디라든지 그랜드라는 용어를 목적에 따라 구분, 사용하거나 포함하고 있는데 기본적인 목적은 네가지의 경우로 대별된다. 즉 (1)안전면에서 본 감전방지 (2)전자회로에서의 전자방해의 억제는 임피던스를 가진 접지이며 본질적인 문제는 여기에 있다. 한편 OA기기를 설치하는 환경은 대지 접지를 할 수 없는 케이스가 증가되고 있으며 EH 다른 문제가 부상되고 있다. 이같은 시점에서 OA기기에서의 접지기술의 현상과 문제점의 일단을 설명한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.94-100
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• 2010

Grounding system insures a reference potential point for electric devices and also provides a low impedance path for fault currents or transient currents in the earth. The ground impedance as function of frequency is necessary for determining its performance since fault currents could contain a wide range of frequencies. In this paper, the grounding resistance, grounding impedance and transient grounding impedance are measured by using 3-point fall-of-potential method in order to analyse grounding characteristics of the stainless-steel plate grounding electrode. An equivalent transfer function model of the grounding impedance and transient grounding impedance are identified from the measured values by using ARMA method and evaluated by comparing conventional grounding impedances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

For the surge currents like lightning currents containing high frequency components and the abnormal currents having high frequencies which cause the EMI(Electromagnetic interference) problems for the electronic devices and communication instruments, the linear grounding electrodes have the significantly composite impedance characteristics which are dependent on the frequency of the applied current. The impedance of a grounding electrode is not lowered by expanding the dimension of the grounding electrode, and the length of grounding electrode having the minimum value of the grounding impedance for each condition of frequency and soil characteristics is existent, and it is defined as Critical length. In this paper, the critical lengths for the vertically and horizontally-buried grounding electrodes are calculated by using the distributed parameter circuit model. The propriety of the simulations has been confirmed by comparing the simulated results with the measured results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

Recently, there has been an increase of the use of ground system for lightning protection called deeply driven grounding electrode. In the case of deeply driven grounding electrode, the rod electrode is equipped perpendicularly and deeply, therefore, it has a benefit to have less restriction of place compared to mesh grid electrode. However, ground impedance is largely changed by the local earth resistivity, so it requires a detailed analysis of the ground structure when planning. The measurement of earth resistivity by existing Wenner's method has been widely used, however, this method can not find out a change in the local ground resistance and it shows the result outwardly to be difficult to estimate exact depth. Therefore, this study analyzed the ground structure as 2-D image using 96 channels measurement facility and tried to analyze change in the local ground resistance and depth of the ground in order to design a deeply driven electrode effectively for lightning protection. It used Wenner alpha method dipole-dipole method and Schlumberger method for 2-D image analysis of the ground resistivity ma based on, it the result was compared with the ground structure analyzed with the result using the CDEGS and Wenner 1-D method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Grounding insures a reference potential point for electric devices and also provides a low resistance path for fault currents in the earth. The ground impedance as a function of frequency is necessary for determining its performance since fault currents could contain a wide range of frequencies. In this paper, the ground impedance of Magic rods which are commercially available has been measured in frequency ranging from 0[Hz] up to 100[kHz] and an equivalent circuit model, transfer function model of the ground impedance are identified from the measured values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

Grounding insures a reference potential point for electric devices and also provides a low resistance path for fault currents in the earth. The ground impedance as a function of frequency is necessary for determining its performance since fault currents could contain a wide range of frequencies. A cower rod electrode is the most commonly used grounding electrode in electric distribution systems. In this paper, the ground impedance of cower rods has been measured in frequency ranging from 60[Hz] up to 100[kHz] and an equivalent circuit model, transfer function model of the ground impedance are identified from the measured values.