• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.218-225
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• 2016

Recently, Korea has undergone rapid social and economic development, and with that came various changes in living habits and disease patterns; the nation, accordingly, has been alerted to the associated risks of chronic ailments. As risk factors of metabolic syndrome commonly include causal factors of chronic diseases, prevention is important. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults is 22.4%, which comprises a large portion of the whole disease (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013). This study aims to examine the elements of healthy living practices by analyzing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and health behaviors, and provide basic materials to contribute to the activation of health promotion. Among 12,481 subjects of the source data from the 2014 community health survey, which was performed on adults aged 19 and over in Jeonlabuk-do, 12,185 people were analyzed in this study using SPSS 23.0. There were significant differences with respect to sex, smoking status, age, education level, and number of days of physical activity among the results of the difference of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome according to the characteristics of the health behavior of the subjects. Of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome, this study emphasized the necessity of strategies to promote health programs regarding the management of drinking, smoking, physical activities, depression, subjective health condition and quality of life to the group of those with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2022

담낭용종의 잘 알려진 위험요소는 대사증후군, 연령, 이상지질혈증 등이다. 제주도는 한반도에서 가장 큰 섬으로 한국의 본토에서 약 80km 떨어져 있으며 행정구역상 제주시와 서귀포시로 나뉘어 있지만 기업들과 편의시설들, 학교들 때문에 자연스럽게 시내와 시외로 더 나누어진다. 많은 이주민들과 젊은 성인들은 상업 활동이 활발한 시내 지역에 사는 경향이 있다. 고령 성인들은 어업이나 농업에 종사하기 때문에 시외 지역에 사는 경향이 있다. 고령의 성인들은 전통적인 식이를 유지하고 있고, 그들 중 다수는 힘든 노동으로 인해서 고위험 알코올 음주자의 비율이 높다. 이러한 요인들로 인해 두 지역간의 담낭용종 유병률에도 차이가 있을 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 제주도 두 지역간에 담낭용종의 유병률을 알아보고 그 유병률과 관련된 다양한 요인들을 비교해 보고자 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주대학교병원 단일 건강검진센터에서 건강검진을 시행한 21,734명을 대상으로 하였다. 시내 지역과 시외 지역 거주민들의 담낭용종 유병률은 각각 10.1%와 8,7% (P = 0.006)로 의미있게 차이가 있었다. 평균 총콜레스테롤 수치가 시내 지역 거주민들에서 시외 지역 거주민들보다 높았고, 음주와 관련된 평균 알카라인 인산분해효소와 감마-글루타밀전이효소 수치들과 평균연령은 시외 지역 거주민들이 시내 지역 거주민들보다 더 높았다. 나이, 알코올 섭취와 평균 콜레스테롤 수치가 이러한 두 지역 간에 담낭용종 유병률의 차이를 만들었을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.155-157
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• 2022

담낭용종은 담낭암의 원인일 수 있다. 담낭용종의 잘 알려진 위험요소는 대사증후군, 젊은 나이, 이상지질혈증 등이다. 제주도는 한반도에서 약 80km 떨어져 있으며 한라산을 중심으로 두 개의 행정구역(제주시와 서귀포시)으로 나뉘어 있다. 국제공항과 국제항구는 유일하게 제주시에만 위치해 있다. 또한 제주시에는 서귀포시보다 기업체와 학교의 수가 더 많다. 식이 및 알코올 소비는 두 지역 간에 다르며 이러한 요인이 담낭용종 유병률에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 두 지역 거주민들의 담낭용종 유병률을 조사하고 담낭용종과 관련된 다양한 요인들을 비교해보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주대학교병원 단일 건강검진센터를 방문한 21,734명을 대상으로 하였다. 담낭용종 유병률과 관련된 요인을 제주시 거주민과 서귀포시 거주민 두 집단으로 나누어 조사하였다. 담낭용종 유병률은 제주시가 10.1%, 서귀포시가 9.2% (P = 0.039)였다. 평균 연령과 고위험 음주자의 비율은 서귀포시에서 더 높았다. 평균 체질량지수와 공복혈당, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤, 아스파르테이트아미노전이효소, 감마-글루타밀전이효소, 알칼리인산분해효소 수치는 제주시에서 낮게 나타났다. 이 연구에서 담낭용종 유병률은 제주도의 두 지역 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 연령과 알코올 소비는 이러한 차이에 기여하는 주요 요인이 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.594-601
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• 2009

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of life style characteristics on the prevalence risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: A total of 581 adults were recruited from a cardiovascular outpatient clinic. A newly developed comprehensive life style evaluation tool for MS patients was used, and patient data related to the MS diagnosis were reviewed from the hospital records. Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 53.2%, and the mean of MS score was 2.6 for patients at a cardiovascular outpatient clinic (78% of the patients had hypertension). Dietary habits among the life style characteristics had significant influence on the prevalence risk of MS and MS scores. And also interestingly, the classification and regression tree (CART) model suggested that the high prevalence risk groups for MS were older adults (61.5$\leq$age<79.4), and adults between 48.5 and 61.5 yr of age with bad dietary habits. Conclusion: This study indicates that nurses should focus on dietary habits of patients (especially patients classified as high prevalence risk for MS) for improvement and prevention of MS prevalence risk.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factor prevalence by obesity and age in middle-aged women. Method: Two hundred and fifty-one subjects were recruited from the health promotion center of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. MS was defined by the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult Treatment Panel III)(ATP III), and obesity was determined by body mass $index(BMI){\geq}25kg/m^2$. Results: The mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. The prevalence of MS, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose were significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. In the forties, blood pressure was significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. In the fifties, body fat, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. Conclusions: These results show that the nurse should focus on the obese fifty year old female patients for improvement of the MS risk factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and factors associated with it among elders in a rural community. Methods: Data were collected from 683 subjects with a questionnaire, physical measurement, and blood test. The prevalence of the MS was determined by AHA/NHLBI and waist circumference cutoff points for Koreans. Results: The prevalence of the MS was 50.5% in total (41.6% in men, 56.3% in women) while the prevalence of 5 metabolic risk factors was 67.7% for elevated blood pressure, 51.0% for low HDL-cholesterol, and 50.2% for abdominal obesity. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of the MS included family history, BMI, and physical activity; significant factors associated with that of metabolic components included family history, BMI, smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Especially, a higher BMI was a strong risk factor of the prevalence of abdominal obesity as well as the MS and its components. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nurses should care for elders based on each metabolic component regarding its prevalence level and concentrate primarily on reducing elevated blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol by controlling the main risk factor, abdominal obesity through lifestyle modification.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

Purpose: The survey-based study aimed to determine the distribution and clustering tendency of metabolic syndrome risk factors in urban residents, and cluster odds ratios. Methods: Cluster sampling involved 827 urban participants and analysis of the collected data. Results: Regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors used for diagnosis, abdominal obesity was higher in women(69.5%) than in men(34.3%), high blood pressure was higher in men(57%) than in women(46.5%), and blood sugar was higher in men(6.9%) than in women(5.7%). Clustering increased with increasing body mass index(BMI), weight:height ratio(W/Ht) and abdominal obesity Risk factors for females were 1.7 times higher than for males. Participants with a family history of metabolic syndrome displayed related risk factors 1.5 times more than participants without a family history. Participants having a BMI ranking them as obese were 9.5 times more likely to display metabolic syndrome risk factors than non-obese participants. Obese participants were 20 times more likely to display risk factors than non-obese participants. Conclusion: BMI, W/Ht and abdominal obesity correlate with clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors. The risk is increased by smoking and family history. Exercise weight control and non-smoking are recommended for comprehensive management of clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities has rapidly increased in Korea. Sleep may play a role in determining its prevalence. However, the relationships between MetS and the duration and quality of sleep are not yet clear. This study aimed to examine the associations between the duration and quality of sleep and the prevalence of MetS. Methods: Study participants included 348 Korean blue-collar workers employed by six small-sized companies in Korea. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of the factors related to MetS. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent factors that contributed to the prevalence of MetS were being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58~15.0) and lower sleep quality (aOR=5.12, 95% CI=1.90~14.30). Sleep duration was related to the prevalence of some MetS components, but it was not associated with MetS prevalence. Conclusion: Sleep quality was negatively associated with MetS prevalence when covariates, such as sleep duration, were controlled. When developing a MetS risk-reduction program, focus should be given to sleep quality as well as sleep duration in an intervention for Korean blue-collar workers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.227-241
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between caffeine intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (KNHANES). Methods: The caffeine database (DB) developed by Food and Drug Safety Assessment Agency in 2014 was used to estimate the caffeine consumption. The food and beverage consumption of the 24 hr recall data of 2013 ~ 2016 KNHANES were matched to items in the caffeine DB and the daily caffeine intakes of the individuals were calculated. The sample was limited to non-pregnant healthy adults aged 19 years and older, who were not taking any medication for disease treatment. Results: The average daily caffeine intake was 41.97 mg, and the daily intake of caffeine of 97% of the participants was from coffee, teas, soft drinks, and other beverages. Multivariate analysis showed that the caffeine intake did not affect metabolic syndrome, hypertension, low HDL-cholesterol, and abdominal obesity. Diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, however, were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63 ~ 0.93), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77 ~ 0.98) in third quintile (Q3), and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53 ~ 0.82) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.94) in fourth quintile (Q4) compared to Q1, respectively. Therefore, caffeine intake of 3.66 ~ 45.81 mg per day is related to a lower risk of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The study showed that adequate caffeine intake (approximately 45 mg) was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, it can be used as a guideline for the adequate level of caffeine intake for maintaining health.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.428-428
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• 2005