• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of intentional thought avoidance(i.e., thought suppression and thought substitution) using "Think and No Think" task. Two syllable words were selected, and recall test was performed with a single subject group. recall accuracy of them was measured in two recall conditions(cue recall and target recall) and four training conditions(thought, thought suppression, thought substitution, and baseline). The results showed that recall accuracy in cue recall condition was better than in target recall condition, regardless of training conditions, and recall accuracy in thought condition was better than in other training conditions, regardless of recall conditions. Also there was significant interaction between recall and training conditions: For thought suppression. there was no difference between two recall conditions, whereas for thought substitution, recall accuracy in cue recall condition was better than in target condition. These findings indicate that thought avoidance strategies, including both thought suppression and thought substitution, are effective in avoiding the specific thought intentionally, and thought suppression and thought substitution could be applied by different mechanism.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 1997

In order to obtain natural emotional voice in laboratory, an autobiographical recall method was used and happy, angry, sad and afraid feelings were induced in 16 college students. Three independent judges rated the subject's facial expressions and vocal characteristics. The mood induction results were compared with those from the actor-initiated method. Data analysis showed that recall-induced voices successfully conveyed subtle emotional cues, while actor-induced voices signaled more extreme emotioms. Implications of the autobiographical recall method in emotional voice research and potential problems are discussed.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2016

This study investigated the song-induced autobiographical memory of patients with early Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) by comparing the effects of patient-selected songs (M-AD) versus music therapist-selected songs (M-MT). A total of 19 patients with early AD participated in this study. In the M-AD and M-MT conditions, each participant listened to a song and was instructed to recall memory. The time to recall memory, the specificity of the memory, mood changes, and the type of recalled memory were measured. Perceived familiarity and preference of the used songs and association of the song with the recalled memory were also analyzed. The results of the study showed that the M-AD condition elicited more specific memory and positive mood change than the M-MT condition. In addition, AD patients reported a higher level of familiarity with and preference of songs in the M-AD condition, compared to the M-MT condition. These results indicate that patient-selected songs, which have a personal meaning to an individual, could be effectively used for intervening with memory of this population, which would support music therapists to make better decision with regard to song selection. Further studies would be needed to deepen the understanding of autobiographical memory in older population with cognitive impairment and to propose more effective music therapy strategies for intervening with memory.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this test for the effect of misinformation and mental reinstatement on accuracy of recall in children, misinformation or neutral informations was presented to each of 80 five- and 80 nine - year - old children(Total : 160). Two days later they were asked to recall original information in one of two conditions; free recall or mental reinstatement. For 5-year-old children, mental reinstatement enhanced memory performance and increased the accuracy despite the presentation of misinformation. For 9-year-old children, there was no significant difference between free recall and mental reinstatement condition. For younger children, mental reinstatement may be an effective way of enhancing memory performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2000

기억의 인출에 관여하는 전전두엽의 역할을 연구하기 위해 지각적 친숙성 정도가 다른 재인 조건을 비교하고, 이에 관여하는 뇌의 활성화 양상을 fMRI로 측정 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 동일조건; 그림으로 학습하고 동일한 내용의 다른 그림이 재인 단서로 주어지는 조건, 교차 조건; 단어로 학습하고 내용이 일치하는 그림이 재인 단서로 주어지는 조건이 비교되었다. 재인 수행(회상율, 정확도)은 동일 조건에서 가장 높앗으며 교차 조건에서 가장 저조하였다. 동일 조건 동안 양측 두정엽에서 가장 유의미한 활성화가 관찰되었으며, 상이 조건동안은 좌측 구조물들(Insular, 중 전전 두엽, hippocampal gyrus, 하두정엽 등)에서 활성화가 관찰되었다. 교차조건에서는 활성화가 좌우 시각 영역 및 두정엽의 연접부위 및 전두엽의 백질 부위(superior longitudinal fasciculus)에서 관찰되었다. 이는 그림의 인출과정에 우측 전두엽이 필수적인 것이 아니라, 인출에 수반되는 하위 정보처리 과정에 따라 다른 뇌 영역이 관여하고 있음을 시사한다. 예를 들어, 좌측 insular, 좌측 하 전전두엽에 의해 매개된 lexical processing이 상이한 그림의 재인과정에(상이조건), 시각피질과 좌측 전전두엽의 상호작용이 시각적으로 제시되었던 단어를 그림 단서로 인출하는 과정에(교차조건) 관여하고 있을 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-51
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• 2015

The present study tested the effect of a top-down influence on recalling the colors of Stroop words. Participants remembered the colors of 1, 2, 3 or 6 Stroop words. After 1 second of a memory delay, they were asked to recall the color of a cued Stroop word by selecting out its corresponding color on a color-wheel stimulus. The correct recall was defined when the participants chose a color that was within ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ from the exact location of Stroop word's color on the color-wheel. Otherwise, the recall was defined as incorrect. The analyses of the frequency distribution of the participants' responses in the error trials showed that the probability of choosing the color-name of the target Stroop word was higher than the probability of other five color-names on the color-wheel. Further analyses showed that increasing the number of Stroop words to manipulate memory load did not affect the probability of the Stroop interference. These results indicate that the top-down interference by Stroop manipulation may induce systematic distortion of the stored representation in visual working memory.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

Consumers tend to trust information provided by other consumers more than information provided by sellers. Therefore, while inducing consumers to write high-quality reviews is a very important task for companies, it is not easy to produce such high-quality reviews. Based on previous research on review writing and memory recall, we decided to develop a way to use digital nudge to help consumers naturally write high-quality reviews. Specifically, we designed an experiment to verify the effect of uploading a photo during the online review process on the quality of review of the review writer. We then recruited subjects and then divided them into groups that upload photos first and groups that do not. A task was assigned to each subject to write positive and negative reviews. As a result, it was confirmed that the behavior of uploading a photo first increases the review length. In addition, it was confirmed that when online users who upload photos first have extremely negative satisfaction with the product, the extent of two-sidedness of the review content increases.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age-related differences in recall and to assess effects of presentation modality, encoding condition and cue modality on recall in terms of encoding specificity principles and dual-coding theory. Eighty children in each of 3grades(first, third and fifth) were presented a 30-item set of pictures or words on cars for recall in a study-test procedure. The experiment was designed as a 3(age) x 2(presentation modality:picture or word) x 2(encoding condition:random or category) x 2(cue modality:picuture or word) factorial design. Statistical analyses were with four-way ANOVA and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. It was concluded from these results that when the stimulus was presented by pictures, encoded by category and the cues were also presented by pictures, recall increased in all ages. These results were interpreted in terms of encoding specificity principles and dual-coding theory.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-134
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• 1996

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory for words with processing theory.From experiment 1 to experiment 3,in a study phase,subjects first viewed stimulus words and were required to rate likeness of words of semantic processing task and to count lines of words of perceptual processing task.In a test phase,subjects were tested by implicit word completion task and explicit cued recall task.In experiment 1,levels of processing (LOP)effects were examined.Lop effects were obtained on the explicit memory tasks but not on the implicit memory tasks.In experiment 2,repertition of perceptual processing task influenced onlu implicit memory task.In experiment 3,bepertiotion of semantic processing task affected both implicit memory task and explicit memory task.These findings suggest that repetition effect of stimulus words are explanied better in dual process theory than transfer-appropriate processing theory.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-92
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• 2005

A brief survey of linguistic studies on the nature of contrastive information in discourse was Presented first, and an attempt was also made to incorporate the Linguistic theories and concepts about contrast in discourse into a psychological framework. A tentative model of processing of contrastive information in discourse was Proposed, and eight experimental studies on the effects of contrastive information on comprehension and memory of short and ions discourses were reviewed. Experimental results showed that contrastive sentences took more time to process at encoding, and yet were recognized faster and cued-recalled in greater amount than noncontrastive sentences. It was also found that levels of contrast in the discourse structure have some effects on encoding time. It was further found that the sentence immediately following the contrastive sentence was processed slowly regardless of whether it does or does not resolve the contrast. The implications of the results of empirical studies were discussed in relation to developing a research framework that integrate coherence studies and contrast studies urns the two disciplines of linguistics and cognitive psychology.