Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Song-Induced Autobiographical Memory of Patients With Early Alzheimer's Dementia

노래를 통한 초기 알츠하이머 치매환자의 자서전적 기억

  • Received : 2016.09.05
  • Accepted : 2016.11.23
  • Published : 2016.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the song-induced autobiographical memory of patients with early Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) by comparing the effects of patient-selected songs (M-AD) versus music therapist-selected songs (M-MT). A total of 19 patients with early AD participated in this study. In the M-AD and M-MT conditions, each participant listened to a song and was instructed to recall memory. The time to recall memory, the specificity of the memory, mood changes, and the type of recalled memory were measured. Perceived familiarity and preference of the used songs and association of the song with the recalled memory were also analyzed. The results of the study showed that the M-AD condition elicited more specific memory and positive mood change than the M-MT condition. In addition, AD patients reported a higher level of familiarity with and preference of songs in the M-AD condition, compared to the M-MT condition. These results indicate that patient-selected songs, which have a personal meaning to an individual, could be effectively used for intervening with memory of this population, which would support music therapists to make better decision with regard to song selection. Further studies would be needed to deepen the understanding of autobiographical memory in older population with cognitive impairment and to propose more effective music therapy strategies for intervening with memory.

본 연구의 목적은 초기 알츠하이머 치매환자를 대상으로 본인이 선곡한 노래 조건과 치료사가 선곡한 노래 조건에서 자서전적 기억 회상의 내용, 회상하는데 걸린 시간과 기분변화를 측정하여 자서전적 기억회상에 효과적인 노래조건을 알아보는 것이다. 실험 동안 각 피험자는 자신이 선곡한 친숙한 노래(M-AD)와 치료사가 선곡한 노래(M-MT) 조건에서 노래를 듣다가 자신이 직접 경험한 기억이 떠오르면 손을 들게 하였고, 노래가 끝나면 인출된 기억을 이야기하도록 하였다. 피험자가 이야기한 내용은 녹음 전사하였고, 기억의 주체성과 내용, 회상 시간과 기분 변화 등과 관련하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 M-AD 조건이 M-MT 조건에서 제공된 노래에 대한 친숙도와 선호도가 높았으며, 회상한 기억과 노래의 밀접함의 정도가 높았다. 또한 구체적으로 기억을 회상할 수 있었으며, 회상하는 데 걸린 시간도 짧았다. 또한 실험 전후의 기분변화 폭이 컸으며, 회상한 기억과 기분의 관련성에도 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 초기 알츠하이머 환자 본인이 선곡한 노래가 자서전적 기억을 회상하는 단서가 되어 구체적이고, 긍정적인 기억을 촉진하며 회상시간이 단축됨을 보여주어 임상에서 초기 알츠하이머 환자의 자서전적 기억을 회상할 때, 본인이 선곡한 친숙한 노래가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Addis, D. R., & Tippett, L. J. (2004). Memory of myself: Autobiographical memory and identity in Alzheimer's disease. Memory, 12(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210244000423
  2. Arroyo-Anllo, E. M., Diaz, J. P., & Gil, R. (2013). Familiar music as an enhancer of self-consciousness in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Research International, 2013, 1-10.
  3. Baird, A., & Samson, S. (2014). Music evoked autobiographical memory after severe acquired brain injury: Preliminary findings from a case series. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 24(1), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013.858642
  4. Bruscia, K. E. (1998). The dynamics of music psychotherapy. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona publishers.
  5. Choi, A. N., & Kwan, H. S. (2009). The music therapy effects to older person's emotions after reminiscence therapy through songs(노래를 중심으로 한 음악치료 회상 요법이 노인의 정서에 미치는 영향). Journal of Korean Management Association, 27(4), 31-39.
  6. Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261-288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261
  7. Cuddy, L. L., Sikka, R., & Vanstone, A. (2015). Preservation of musical memory and engagement in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337(1), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12617
  8. Cuddy, L. L., & Duffin, J. (2005). Music, memory, and Alzheimer's disease: Is music recognition spared in dementia, and how can it be assessed? Medical Hypotheses, 64(2), 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.005
  9. El Haj, M., Clement, S., Fasotti, L., & Allain, P. (2013). Effects of music on autobiographical verbal narration in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 26(6), 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2013.06.001
  10. El Haj, M., Fasotti, L., & Allain, P. (2012). The involuntary nature of music-evoked autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.12.005
  11. El Haj, M., Postal, V., & Allain, P. (2012). Music enhances autobiographical memory in mild Alzheimer's disease. Educational Gerontology, 38(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.515897
  12. Eom, S. H. (2008). The effect of the music therapy activity using reminiscence on the cognitive function of the dementia patients(회상을 이용한 음악치료활동이 치매노인의 인지기능에 미치는 효과) (Unpublished master's thesis). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul.
  13. Eschrich, S., Munte, T. F., & Altenmuller, E. O. (2008). Unforgettable film music: The role of emotion in episodic long-term memory for music. BMC Neuroscience, 9(48), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-9-1
  14. Fernandes, M., Ross, M., Wiegand, M., & Schryer, E. (2008). Are the memories of older adults positively biased? Psychology and Aging, 23(2), 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.297
  15. Foster, N. A., & Valentine, E. R. (2001). The effect of auditory stimulation on autobiographical recall in dementia. Experimental Aging Research, 27(3), 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/036107301300208664
  16. Garcia, J. J. M., Iodice, R., Carro, J., Sanchez, J. A., Palmero, F., & Mateos, A. M. (2012). Improvement of autobiographic memory recovery by means of sad music in Alzheimer's disease type dementia. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(3), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.3275/7874
  17. Gehres, S. W., Rocha, A., Leuzy, A., Loss, C. M., Viola, G. G., Zimmer, E. R. (2016). Cognitive intervention as an early non-pharmacological strategy in Alzheimer's disease: A translational perspective. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 29, s27.
  18. Hodges, J. R. (2006). Alzheimer's centennial legacy: Origins, landmarks and the current status of knowledge concerning cognitive aspects. Brain, 129(11), 2811-2822. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl275
  19. Irish, M., Cunningham, C. J., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B. A., Robertson, I. H., & Coen, R. F. (2006). Investigating the enhancing effect of music on autobiographical memory in mild Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093487
  20. Janata, P., Tomic, S. T., & Rakowski, S. K. (2007). Characterisation of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory, 15(8), 845-860. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210701734593
  21. Jin, Y. S., & Kim, Y. K. (2010). Autobiographical memory in old age: Its characteristics, method of analysis and new application(노년기의 자서전적 기억의 특성, 분석방법 및 새로운 적용). Journal of The Korean Gerontological Society, 2010(2), 241-253.
  22. Jung, G. J. (2015). Factors relating to behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease: Centering on psychosocial factors of family caregivers(알츠하이머병 환자의 정신행동증상 관련요인: 가족부양자의 심리.사회적 요인을 중심으로) (Unpublished master's thesis). Korea University, Seoul.
  23. Jung, Y. (2009). The effects of music-based group reminiscence program on the interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and depression of the hospitalized elderly(음악을 활용한 집단회상프로그램이 입원노인의 대인관계, 자아존중감, 우울에 미치는 효과) (Unpublished master's thesis). Chung-Ang University, Seoul.
  24. Juslin, P. N., & Vastfjall, D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(5), 559-575.
  25. Kim, D. Y. (2012). The effect of singing-based music therapy on cognitive and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of dementia patients(회상을 유도한 노래 중심의 음악치료가 치매노인의 인지기능 및 행동심리증상에 미치는 효과) (Unpublished master's thesis). Sungshin Women's University, Seoul.
  26. Kim, S. H., Kim, S. Y., Bae, K. Y., Kim, S. W., Kim, J. M., Shin, I. S., & Yoon, J. S. (2012). Quality of life in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease(경도인지장애와 알츠하이머병에서 삶의 질). The Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 18(2), 194-200.
  27. Kim, S. Y. (2008). Effect on the cognitive function and depression of the elderly with dementia through music activity program designed reminiscence(회상을 활용한 음악활동 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지기능과 우울에 미치는 영향) (Unpublished master's thesis). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul.
  28. Koelsch, S. (2010). Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(3), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.002
  29. Lee1, J. J. (2008). Cognitive rehabilitation for the elderly with dementia through song reminiscence (노래회상을 통한 치매노인의 인지재활) (Unpublished master's thesis). Myongji University, Seoul.
  30. Lee, J. S., Bae, G. Y., Lee, J. J., & Kim, K. W. (2010). A comparison of memory in early Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder(초기 알츠하이머병 환자와 주요 우울증 환자의 기억기능 비교). Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 16(2), 156-166.
  31. Lee2, M. J. (2008). The effect on the cognition and depression of the elderly with dementia through the song activities induced reminiscence(회상을 유도한 노래 활동이 치매노인의 인지와 우울에 미치는 효과) (Unpublished master's thesis). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul.
  32. Lyketsos, C. G., Steele, C., Baker, L., Galik, E., Kopunek, S., Steinberg, M., & Warren, A. (1997). Major and minor depression in Alzheimer's disease: Prevalence and impact. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 9(4), 556-561. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.9.4.556
  33. Meeter, M., Eijsackers, E. V., & Mulder, J. L. (2006). Retrograde amnesia for autobiographical memories and public events in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(6), 914-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390591001043
  34. Park, M., Choi, S., Shin, A. M., & Koo, C. H. (2013). Analysis of the characteristics of the older adults with depression using data mining decision tree analysis(의사결정나무 분석법을 활용한 우울 노인의 특성 분석). Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 43(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.1
  35. Rosenbaum, R. S., Furey, M. L., Horwitz, B., & Grady, C. L. (2004). Altered communication between emotion-related brain regions supports short-term memory in Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of Society for Neuroscience, 203(8), 1-8.
  36. Samson, S., Dellacherie, D., & Platel, H. (2009). Emotional power of music in patients with memory disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169(1), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04555.x
  37. Schlagman, S., Schultz, J., & Kvavilashvili, L. (2006). A content analysis of involuntary autobiographical memories: Examining the positivity effect in old age. Memory, 14(2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210544000024
  38. Schulkind, M. D., Hennis, L. K., & Rubin, D. C. (1999). Music, emotion, and autobiographical memory: They're playing your song. Memory & Cognition, 27(6), 948-955. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201225
  39. Simmons-Stern, N. R., Budson, A. E., & Ally, B. A. (2010). Music as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 48(10), 3164-3167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.033
  40. Simmons-Stern, N. R., Deason, R. G., Brandler, B. J., Frustace, B. S., O'Connor, M. K., Ally, B. A., & Budson, A. E. (2012). Music-based memory enhancement in Alzheimer's disease: Promise and limitations. Neuropsychologia, 50(14), 3295-3303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.019
  41. Song, J., Myung, W., Lee, Y., Kim, S., Yoon, H., Choi, J., ... & Kim, D. K. (2012). Association between depression and education level in Alzheimer's dementia: A CREDOS (Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea) study(알츠하이머 치매환자에서 교육 수준과 우울증의 연관성). Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(1), 31-37.

Cited by

  1. Age-Related Changes in Bimanual Instrument Playing with Rhythmic Cueing vol.8, pp.1664-1078, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01569
  2. Instrument Playing as a Cognitive Intervention Task for Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis vol.10, pp.1664-1078, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00151