• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

To reveal subsurface structures of the Ulsan fault, seismic data were recorded along a 750-m long line near Nongso-Eup in Ulsan. P and S waves were generated simultaneously by impacting a 5 kg sledgehammer on a tilted plate. The data were received by 16 10-Hz 3-component geophones at 3 m intervals. Refracted P waves were inverted using the tomography method. Dip moveout and migration were applied to reflection data processed following a general sequence. Four layers were identified based on P-wave velocities and P- and S-wave stacked image. From top to bottom, the P-wave velocity of each layer ranges in $300{\sim}1100\;m/s$, $1100{\sim}1700\;m/s$, $1700{\sim}2700\;m/s$, and greater than 2700 m/s. The corresponding thickness of the top three layers averages 3.9 m, 5.9 m, 4.4 m, respectively. The S-wave stack section is effective to define subsurface structures shallower than 10 m.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

In order to determine the testicular cycle of the Korean brown frog, Rana coreana, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the changes of germ cells in testis for adult males were investigated throughout the year. The study indicated that the spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubule of testis began in August and became most active in the month of September, and the GSI was recorded the highest and the cross area of seminiferous tubule was the widest on this period. Furthermore the seminiferous tubules at the post spawning stage appeared in testis during February, and the spermatogenesis was quiescence period of time from March to July and the GSI and the cross area of seminiferous tubule were found to be the lowest. Based on these observations, we suggest that, GSI of male Korean brown frog changes significantly between July to August, indicating the testicular cycle with discontinuous spermatogenic process, and the breeding season was confirmed to be February.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

This paper presents experimental evaluation of an insect-mimicking flapping-wing device actuated by a unimorph piezoceramic actuator. Length of each rod and hinge point in the linkage/amplification system are carefully chosen such that the resulting wing motion can mimic clapping of wings in a real insect at the end of upstroke. In addition to this, a pair of corrugated wings are fabricated mimicking zig-zag cross section of a real insect wing. Thanks to the two additional implementation, the improved flapping wing device can generate a larger lift force than the previous model even though area of the new wing is about 50% less than that of the previous wing. In this work, effects of the wing clapping, the wing corrugation, and the input wave form on the lift force generation have been also experimentally investigated. Finally, the vortex generated by the flapping device has been captured by a high speed camera, showing that vortices are produced during up- and down-strokes.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.728-735
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• 2000

Fentanyl-loaded biodegradable poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (75 : 25 by mole ratio of lactide to glycolide, PLGA) microspheres (MSs) were prepared to study the possibility for long-acting local anesthesia. We developed the fentanyl base (FB, slightly water-soluble)-loaded PLGA MSs by means of conventional O/W solvent evaporation method. The size of MSs was in the range of 10~150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The morphology of MSs was characterized by SEM, and the in vitro release amounts of FB were analyzed by HPLC. The lowest porous cross-sectional morphology and the highest encapsulation efficiency were obtained by using gelatin as an emulsifier. The influences of several preparation parameters, such as emulsifier types, molecular weights and concentrations of PLGA, and initial drug loading amount, etc., have been observed in the release patterns of FB. The release of FB in vitro was more prolonged over 25 days, with close to zero-order pattern by controlling the preparation parameters. We also investigated the physicochemical properties of FB-loaded PLGA MSs by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 2015

In order to determine the testicular cycle of the Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans, adult males of the species were captured around Jeongeup city (Jeollabuk-do, Korea) during March, 2012 to February, 2013 and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the changes of germ cells in their testes were investigated throughout the year. The study indicated that the spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubule of testes began in April and became most active in July. The recorded GSI was the highest and the cross area of seminiferous tubule was the widest in this period. The seminiferous tubules at the post spawning stage appeared in February, the largest amounts occurred in March and primary spermatogonia also appeared in this period. The GSI and the cross area of seminiferous tubules were found to be the lowest in March, indicating a testicular cycle with potentially continuous spermatogenic process. According to the findings above, it is confirmed that testicular spermatogenesis takes place actively between April to July in male Asian toad and that their breeding season is February to March.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.528-537
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• 1996

Qualify changes of microwave-reheated cooked rice aseptic-packaged with different lid materials and oxygen absorbers were determined during storage at $20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. Springiness cohesiveness and adhesiveness increased as storage temperature increased, while gumminess and hardness decreased. Lid materials oxygen absorbers, and storage temperatures showed no significant effect on the textural properties of cooked rice after microwave reheating. Degree of gelatinization was increased as storage temperature increased and was restored after microwave reheating. Scanning electron micrograph showed that the surface of cooked rice became rough and hollowed after microwave reheating for 1.5 min, indicating starch was regelatinized, while there was no difference with respect to lid materials. Photomicrographs of the cross-section of aseptic-Packaged cooked rice showed that a compact and solid structure increased and retrogradation occured in starch as storage temperature decreased, while a compact and solid structure was decreased and starch was regelatinized after microwave reheating.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.309-324
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• 2002

국내의 경우 관개용수의 대부분은 벼생육을 위한 논의 관개응수로 사용되고있다. 농업용수 이용은 약 150억㎥/year, 이는 하천유지수량을 제외한 전체 물이용량 237억㎥/year의 약 63%에 해당한다. 최근 물절약은 가장 중요한 사회, 경제적인 이슈 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 그러나, 국내의 경우 관개효율은 여전히 낮아 약 35%의 관개용수가 손실되는 것으로 추정되고있다. 비록 관개에서의 물절약이 시급한 문제이기는 하지만 용수손실 원인에 따른 손실량에 대한 정량적인 연구가 행해지지 않았었다. 손실 원인에 따른 손실량을 계측하기 위한 시험지구로 경기 평택의 이동지구를 선정하였다. 시험지구의 주수원공으로는 유역면적 9,440ha, 관개면적 2,027ha인 이동저수지이며 상류유역에 미산 및 용덕저수지가 위치하고 관개지구내에 원암 및 은산양수장이 있다. 시험지구의 계측시설은 강우량 계측을 위하여 자기강우계를 설치하였고 저수위, 하천수위 및 응배수로의 수위 측정을 위하여 수위계를 설치하였다. 강우계는 4개소에 설치되었으며 수위계는 26개소에 설치되었다 강우계는 지구내의 저수지 및 양수장 관리사 부근 4개소에 전도형 자기우량계를 설치하였다. 수위계 26개소 중에서 저수지의 저수위 계측지점이 3개소이며 하천수위 계측지점이 2개소 그리고 용배수로의 간선수로 시점부와 간지선 분기점 등의 주요지점에 21개소의 계측지점이 있다. 모든 계측지점의 계측기에는 자체 혹은 별도의 자료저장용 데이터로거가 부착되어 현장 계측자료를 저장하도록 설치 되어있다. 강우계는 전도형강우계(tipping bucket type)이며 수위계는 계측지점의 특징에 따라 여러종류의 수위계측기가 설치되었다 예를들어 초음파수위계(ultrasonic-wave type), 부표식수위계(float type) 그리고 압력식수위계(Pressure type)가 설치되어 있다. 현장 계측기의 전원은 한국전력 전원 혹은 태양전지 및 축전지를 사용하였다. 수위계측지점의 유량을 환산하기 위하여 계측지점의 단면조사와 유속측정을 통해서 수위-유량관계(rating curve)를 규명하였다. 시험지구의 관개효율 및 용수손실 규명 등에 관한 기본자료를 수집하기 위해서는 계측시스템의 운영은 장기간으로 지속 되어야 한다

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.690-690
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• 2012

효율적인 수자원 관리를 위한 하천정비기본계획과 유역치수계획의 수립은 정확한 홍수량을 산정을 통해여 이루어지며, 이러한 첨두홍수량에 대한 계산이 좀 더 정밀해져야 할 필요성이 있다. 흐름해석에서 중요한 요소인 조도계수는 원래 하상재료의 조도(roughness)를 나타내는 척도로서 하상재료 및 하상표면의 특성에 의해 결정되어지는 값이지만, 실제 흐름계산에서는 식생, 하천 구조물, 사행도, 단면형태 단면 변화양상 등 하도의 상황뿐만 아니라 유량이나 수위에 의해서도 변화기 때문에(Frech, 1985) 이론적으로 조도계수를 정확하게 계산하는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 내륙부와는 매우 특이한 유출 형태를 보이고 있는 제주도의 하천은 평시는 대부분이 건천이지만 집중호우나 태풍 내습시에는 하천변의 침수와 범람 등의 재해가 발생하기도 한다. 지금까지 하천정비기본계획에서 제주도 하천의 조도계수는 자연형 하천에 적용되는 계수만을 전 구간에 일률적으로 사용하여 왔으나, 제주도의 하천은 대부분 15km내외의 짧은 구간에 산지와 농 목축업 및 도심하천이 혼재하고 있고 또한, 하상재료는 자갈 및 호박돌, 전석 등이 산재해 있어 구간별 조도분포도 매우 복잡하며 큰 변화를 보이고 있다. 하지만 하천현장에 대한 실측 조도계수의 조사나 측정은 전무한 실정이다. 한천의 하상재료의 입경을 이용한 방법으로 연구대상인 한천의 구간은 11.5km이며, 조도계수 산정구간을 10구간으로 세분화하고 각 구간마다 좌안, 중앙, 우안마다 100개씩 하상재료를 채취하였으며, 총 3000개의 채취한 하상재료를 이용하여 대표입경을 선정하고 입도분석 실시하였다. 지당 총 100개 이상의 자갈 입자를 선택하고 중경(intermediate axis)을 측정하도록 하고 있다. 그 결과를 기존의 조도계수 경험식에 대입하여 조도계수를 산정하였으며, 기존의 하천정비기본계획에 제시된 조도계수와 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 실측 조도계수을 이용한다면 보다 정확한 홍수량 산정과 하천실무에 적용 및 활용성이 기대된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This study examined geological characteristics of a wetland in Mountain Geumjeong in Busan Metropolitan City. Field survey and laboratory tests were performed to identify topographic features, geological and structural geological characteristics, rock strength along the distance from the wetland, soil profile in the wetland, and chemical property of the wetland soil. The bedrock of the wetland consists of hornblende granite. Hornblende granite and rhyolitic rock around the wetland have the joints with strikes of N-S, E-W, and NE-SW directions and with higher dips greater than $60^{\circ}$. Lower rock strength and higher weathering grades take place towards the wetlands. According to X-ray diffraction analysis of wetland soil samples, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and gibbsite appear which demonstrate weathered products of feldspars in the hornblende granite. The soil profile in the wetland comprises O, A, B, and C horizons from the land surface. The contents of the organic matters decrease from shallow parts to deeper parts of the soil profile. In addition, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ originating from the weathering of feldspars are dominant components among inorganic ions in the wetland soil.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objective : This study is aimed to application possibility and status of pattern identification in middle and high school students. Method : This study was cross-sectional study. We recruited 277 students through school doctor program of Seongnam city in 2017. Male students are 66 in middle school, 32 in high school. Female students are 117 in middle school, 62 in high school. For pattern identification, we used the tool of Qui Xui Shui pattern identification in students. Students fill questionnaires in inquiry of pattern identification and Korean medicine doctor diagnosis inspection and palpation of students. Results : Among 277 students, no pattern identification were 114(41.2%). It appeared in the order of phlegm, blood deficinecy, qi deficiency, qi stagnation and qi reversal. Qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi reversal, blood deficiency and phlegm pattern are statistically significant by gender except blood stagnation. of 277 students, 105 (37.9%) had one more pattern identification. Conclusions : This study showed possibility of Qui Xui Shui pattern for student health management. In the future, large scale follow up study will be needed to clarify the relationship of pattern identification and student's health.