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A study of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by multibead assay (다중구슬 분석법에 의한 폐구균 혈청형 결정 연구)

  • Cho, Ky Young;Lee, Jung Ah;Cho, Sung Eun;Kim, Nam Hee;Lee, Jin A;Hong, Ki Sook;Lee, Hoan Jong;Kim, Kyung Hyo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2007
  • Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major etiologic agent for pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sepsis among young children. Multi-drug resistant strains have raised great concern worldwide, thus the importance of prevention with vaccines has been emphasized. However, vaccines may force the appearance of pneumococcal infections by nonvaccine serotypes. Thus, distribution of pneumococcal serotypes should be monitored to estimate vaccine efficacy. We used a new and efficient multibead assay in determining pnemococcal serotypes. Methods : From January to February 2005, 643 children were recruited from ten day care centers to isolate pneumococci from their oropharynx. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed on 62 pneumococcal isolates from 60 children by multibead assay. This immunoassay required two sets of latex particles coated with pneumococcal polysaccharides and serotype-specific antibodies. Twenty four newly developed monoclonal antibodies specific for common serotypes and a pool of polyclonal rabbit sera for some of the less common serotypes were used. Results : The most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes were serotype 6A, 19A, 19F, 23F, and 11A/D/F which accounted more than 50 precent of all the 62 pneumococcal isolates. We found that multibead assay can be performed very rapidly and objectively. Conclusion : This multibead immunoassay was very useful in serotyping clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae because it was simple, reliable and fast.

Numerical Modeling for the Detection of Debris Flow Using Detailed Soil Map and GIS (정밀토양도와 GIS를 이용한 토석류 발생지역 예측 분석)

  • Kim, Pan Gu;Han, Kun Yeun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.43-59
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    • 2017
  • This study presents the prediction methodology of debris flow occurrence areas using the SINMAP model. Former studies used a single calibration region applying some of the soil test results to predict debris flow occurrence in SINMAP model, which couldn't subdivide the soil properties for the target areas. On the other hands, a multi-calibration region using a detailed soil map and soil strength parameters (c, ${\phi}$) for each soil series to make up for limitation of former studies is proposed. In this process, soils with soil erodibility factor (K) are classified into three types: 1) gravel and gravelly soil. 2) sand and sandy soil, and 3) silt and clay. In addition, T/R estimation method using mean elevation of target area instead of T/R method using actual occurrence time is suggested in this study. The suggested method is applied to Seobyeok-1 ri area, Bonghwa-gun where debris flow occurred. As a result of comparison between two T/R estimation method, both T/R estimations are almost equal. Therefore, the suggested methodologies in this study will contribute to set up the national-wide mitigation plan against debris flow occurrence.

A Multimodal Profile Ensemble Approach to Development of Recommender Systems Using Big Data (빅데이터 기반 추천시스템 구현을 위한 다중 프로파일 앙상블 기법)

  • Kim, Minjeong;Cho, Yoonho
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.93-110
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    • 2015
  • The recommender system is a system which recommends products to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Based on automated information filtering technology, various recommender systems have been developed. Collaborative filtering (CF), one of the most successful recommendation algorithms, has been applied in a number of different domains such as recommending Web pages, books, movies, music and products. But, it has been known that CF has a critical shortcoming. CF finds neighbors whose preferences are like those of the target customer and recommends products those customers have most liked. Thus, CF works properly only when there's a sufficient number of ratings on common product from customers. When there's a shortage of customer ratings, CF makes the formation of a neighborhood inaccurate, thereby resulting in poor recommendations. To improve the performance of CF based recommender systems, most of the related studies have been focused on the development of novel algorithms under the assumption of using a single profile, which is created from user's rating information for items, purchase transactions, or Web access logs. With the advent of big data, companies got to collect more data and to use a variety of information with big size. So, many companies recognize it very importantly to utilize big data because it makes companies to improve their competitiveness and to create new value. In particular, on the rise is the issue of utilizing personal big data in the recommender system. It is why personal big data facilitate more accurate identification of the preferences or behaviors of users. The proposed recommendation methodology is as follows: First, multimodal user profiles are created from personal big data in order to grasp the preferences and behavior of users from various viewpoints. We derive five user profiles based on the personal information such as rating, site preference, demographic, Internet usage, and topic in text. Next, the similarity between users is calculated based on the profiles and then neighbors of users are found from the results. One of three ensemble approaches is applied to calculate the similarity. Each ensemble approach uses the similarity of combined profile, the average similarity of each profile, and the weighted average similarity of each profile, respectively. Finally, the products that people among the neighborhood prefer most to are recommended to the target users. For the experiments, we used the demographic data and a very large volume of Web log transaction for 5,000 panel users of a company that is specialized to analyzing ranks of Web sites. R and SAS E-miner was used to implement the proposed recommender system and to conduct the topic analysis using the keyword search, respectively. To evaluate the recommendation performance, we used 60% of data for training and 40% of data for test. The 5-fold cross validation was also conducted to enhance the reliability of our experiments. A widely used combination metric called F1 metric that gives equal weight to both recall and precision was employed for our evaluation. As the results of evaluation, the proposed methodology achieved the significant improvement over the single profile based CF algorithm. In particular, the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity shows the highest performance. That is, the rate of improvement in F1 is 16.9 percent for the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity and 8.1 percent for the ensemble approach using average similarity of each profile. From these results, we conclude that the multimodal profile ensemble approach is a viable solution to the problems encountered when there's a shortage of customer ratings. This study has significance in suggesting what kind of information could we use to create profile in the environment of big data and how could we combine and utilize them effectively. However, our methodology should be further studied to consider for its real-world application. We need to compare the differences in recommendation accuracy by applying the proposed method to different recommendation algorithms and then to identify which combination of them would show the best performance.

Development of Web-based Workbench for the Construction of Thesaurus (시소러스 구축을 위한 웹 기반 워크벤치 개발)

  • Lee, Seung-Jun;Jung, Han-Min;Sung, Won-Kyung;Choi, Kwang;Lee, Sang-Hun;Choi, Suk-Doo
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.02a
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    • pp.999-1004
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 다양한 개념 패싯과 관계 패싯들을 수용한 범용 과학기술 시소러스 구축용 웹 기반 워크벤치 개발에 대해 기술한다. 기존 국내 시소러스 구축용 워크벤치들이 제공하는 기본적인 용어 관계구축 기능을 확장하여 개념 패싯, 범주 관계 패싯, 의미역 관계 패싯, 속성 관계 패싯 및 속성 키워드 처리 기능을 원활히 제공할 수 있는 사용자 중심적 워크벤치를 개발함으로써 시소러스 상의 개념들에 대한 효율적인 구축이 가능하도록 한다. 또한 시멘틱 웹 상의 온톨로지 영역에 보다 근접한 고도화되니 시소러스 구축을 위해 용어들을 개념화시키고, 개념간의 다양한 관계를 설정하는 프로세스 중심적 설계로 분야 적합성이 높은 정보 처리 기반을 갖춘다. 궁극적으로 여러 마이크로 시소러스들을 통합하여 운용할 수 있는 복합 모델을 구축하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이러한 목적에 부합하는 시스템 구현을 위해 CBD(Component Based Development) 개발 방법론으로 MSF/CD를 이용하였으며, 분산 환경에서 이기종간의 데이터 교환을 용이하게 하기 위하여 웹 서비스 (XML Web Services)를 이용하였다. 또한 시멘틱 웹 기반 연구자 간 협업 지원 서비스 구현을 위한 확장 검색용으로서도 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 시소러스 반출은 CSV, XML 및 RDF를 모두 지원할 수 있도록 함으로써 다양한 사용자 요구 사항에 부합할 수 있도록 하였다. 시소러스 브라우징을 시각화 기반의 3단계 구조를 가진 플래시로 구현하여 사용자가 쉽게 시소러스를 탐색하고 분석할 수 있는 기반을 제공하였다. 또한 다양한 검색 요구를 만족시키고자 기본 검색, 고급 검색, 메타 검색을 선택할 수 있도록 하며, 개념 편집 및 시소러스 브라우징과 연동시켜 효율적인 시소러스 구축이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구의 워크벤치를 이용하여 구축된 시소러스는 기존 시소러스들에 비해 사용자가 보다 폭넓은 의미 기반 검색을 수행할 수 있도록 함으로써 다각적인 정보를 쉽게 획득할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고 있다는 데 의의가 있으며, 다국어 시소러스 및 다중 시소러스를 수용할 수 있는 방향으로 발전시킬 계획이다.

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An empirical study for the relations between consultant's expertise and consulting knowledge transfer : Focused on FTA consulting (컨설턴트의 전문지식과 컨설팅 지식이전의 관계에 관한 경험적 연구 : FTA컨설팅을 중심으로)

  • Youn, Young-Ho;Na, Do-Sung;Jung, Jin-Teak
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.119-132
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    • 2015
  • This study empirically examined which factors facilitate or disturb the learning and practical knowledge transfer in consulting and which factors have most powerful influence on the learning and transfer of consulting knowledge. Analysing 160 data collected from FTA origin managers in export companies, the study findings show the ambiguity(-), complexity(+), consulting competences(+), intervention design and delivery(+), self-efficacy(+) and government subsidies(+) significantly affected on Client's learning, while consultant's expertise(+), consulting involvement(+), transfer culture(+) significantly affected on consulting knowledge transfer, respectively. It showed that consulting competence and causal ambiguity have an greater influence on learning while consultant's expertise has a greater influence on consulting knowledge transfer, respectively. The findings implicate that consulting success depends on rather consultant's factors(consultant's expertise and consulting competence) than client's input factors. To succeed in consulting project, it is important that the consultants effectively develop and apply consulting methods & tools as shared interfaces between consultant and client.

MTCMOS ASIC Design Methodology for High Performance Low Power Mobile Computing Applications (고성능 저전력 모바일 컴퓨팅 제품을 위한 MTCMOS ASIC 설계 방식)

  • Kim Kyosun;Won Hyo-Sig
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.42 no.2 s.332
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2005
  • The Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technology provides a solution to the high performance and low power design requirements of mobile computing applications. In this paper, we (i) motivate the post-mask-tooling performance enhancement technique combined with the MTCMOS leakage current suppression technology, and (ii) develop a practical MTCMOS ASIC design methodology which fine-tunes and integrates best-in-class techniques and commercially available tools to fix the new design issues related to the MTCMOS technology. Towards validating the proposed techniques, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) processor has been implemented using the methodology, and a 0.18um Process. The fabricated PDA processor operates at 333MHz which has been improved about $23\%$ at no additional cost of redesign and masks, and consumes about 2uW of standby mode leakage power which could have been three orders of magnitude larger if the MTCMOS technology was not applied.

환경분야를 위한 공간정보 분석 기술의 동향과 전망 - 지구통계학을 중심으로

  • Park, No-Uk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.187-187
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    • 2010
  • 공간자료를 다루는 일반적인 과정은 연구자의 정의에 따라 달라질 수 있지만, 일반적으로 자료 수집, 자료 구축, 분석 및 결과 도출의 일반적인 과학/공학적 분석 절차와 유사하다. 산업체의 관점에서 볼 때, 1990년대 초기 국가GIS 사업이 시작될때부터 현재까지는 공인된 자료 구축에 많은 주안점을 두어서 기존 아날로그 자료의 디지털화, 자료 가공, 데이터베이스 구축, 자료의 시각화 등의 일반적인 자료 구축 및 도시에 주안점을 두어왔다. 또한 다양한 공간해상도의 원격탐사 자료와 같이 다중 근원 자료의 이용이 빈번해짐에 따라 공간자료의 갱신 또한 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 그러나, 공간자료를 다루는 일련의 과정이 궁극적으로는 특정 분야에서의 의사 결정보조자료의 제공 등을 지향한다고 간주할 때, "from data to information to knowledge"의 중간 혹은 최종 단계의 결과물을 산출하기 위한 적절한 분석 기술의 개발 및 적용 또한 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 공간분석을 별도의 학문분야로 간주하느냐 아니냐의 문제와는 상관없이, 최근 20년간 공간분석은 GIS 및 원격탐사 분야뿐만 아니라 기본적으로 공간자료를 다루는 많은 응용분야에서 공간자료의 이해와 부가정보의 생산을 위한 중요한 기술 분야로 간주되어 왔다. 공간분석의 여러 응용 분야중에서 환경분야에의 적용 연구는 또한 환경과학이라는 별도의 분야 뿐만 아니라, 기존 학문들인 지리학, 생태학, 지구과학, 사회학, 경제학, 도시 계획 등의 하위분야에서 중요한 방법론으로 자리 잡고 있다. 이 기술 세미나에서는 환경분야에 직간접적으로 활용이 가능한 공간정보 분석 기술의 동향을 지구통계학을 중심으로 소개하고자 한다. 국내에서 크리깅으로 대표되어온 지구통계학은 적용하는 학문 분야에 따라 보다 넓은 의미를 가지는 공간 통계학이라는 용어로 사용되고 있지만, 보다 학문적/기술적 의미로 살펴보면 공간분석의 특화된 분야로 간주할 수 있다. 1950년대 알려진 광상의 위치 정보를 이용하여 은둔 광상의 위치를 추정하기 위해 기본 개념이 소개된 이후에 수학적으로 이론이 1960년대 정립된 지구통계학은 많은 발전을 이루어 현재 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 그러나 외국과 달리 국내에서는 크리깅을 고급 내삽 기법으로만 간주하여 단순 주제도 작성에 제한적으로 사용하고 있다. 이 기술 세미나에서는 특정 학문분야에서 적용되기 보다는 일반적으로 통용될 수 있는 지구통계학의 기본 개념을 우선 소개한 후에, 국내외 학계에서의 환경주제도 제작과 관련된 주요 응용분야를 소개하고자 한다. 이후에 지구통계학이 적용될 수 있으면서, 다학제적 관점에서의 이슈가 될 수 있는 분야를 제시하고자 한다.

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Design of No-human-in-the-Loop Battleship Warfare M&S System applied to the Korea Yellow Sea Warfare Case using Agent-based Modeling (에이전트 기반의 인간 미개입형 함정전투 M&S 시스템 설계 및 서해교전 사례연구)

  • Chi, Sung-Do;You, Yong-Jun;Jung, Chan-Ho;Lee, Jang-Se;Kim, Jae-Ick
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.49-61
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    • 2008
  • Most battleship warfare M&S systems run relatively slow and the simulation results are often unfair since the system should interact with human operators(controller and/or gamer). To deal with these problems, we have proposed the agent-based battleship warfare M&S system which interact with multiple agent systems instead of human operators. Agent-based M&S system may be able to efficiently support the analysis of effectiveness and/or the operational tactics development of given warfare by providing autonomous reasoning capabilities without the intervention of human controller. To do this, the paper propose the design concept and methodology using the advanced modeling and simulation framework as well as autonomous agent design principle. Several simulation tests performed on the battleship warfare case study on Korea Yellow sea will illustrate our techniques.

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A Deduction of Key Work for Service Guide of Construction Managerin Construction Project (건설사업관리(CM) 현장 참여자의 업무지침을 위한 핵심업무 도출)

  • Song, Sul-Min;Seo, Jin-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Hee;Kim, Yes-Sang;Cho, Hun-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2011
  • Recently, the Construction Management service of domestic construction environment has being extended because that is an effective means to supplement owner's management and improve a total management of construction. But existing CM service guide is staying simply defined level about a work scope and procedure. So the standard CM guide needs to set a detailed plan of the project. Therefore, the key works were deducted by doing survey after the main work of CM service based on CM case studies and an existing CM service guide. That is expected to use CM contract and do service.

XML Document Clustering Based on Sequential Pattern (순차패턴에 기반한 XML 문서 클러스터링)

  • Hwang, Jeong-Hee;Ryu, Keun-Ho
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.10D no.7
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    • pp.1093-1102
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    • 2003
  • As the use of internet is growing, the amount of information is increasing rapidly and XML that is a standard of the web data has the property of flexibility of data representation. Therefore electronic document systems based on web, such as EDMS (Electronic Document Management System), ebXML (e-business extensible Markup Language), have been adopting XML as the method for exchange and standard of documents. So research on the method which can manage and search structural XML documents in an effective wav is required. In this paper we propose the clustering method based on structural similarity among the many XML documents, using typical structures extracted from each document by sequential pattern mining in pre-clustering process. The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of clustering by computing cost considering cluster cohesion and inter-cluster similarity.