• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2014

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the hybrids of monokaryon- monokaryon (mono-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing superior strains from Pleurotus species strains with 85 mono-mono intraspecific hybrids of 7 combinations between six Pleurotus ostreatus strains and one Pleurotus florida strain. In this study, the results of analysis on hybridization rate, nuclear DNA patterns, and colors and yields of fruit-bodies, are presented as follows. The crossability between mono-mono crossing ranges between 50 and 93.75%. The results of the analysis on the nuclear DNA patterns of 85 hybrid strains of mono-mono crosses share the nuclei of both parents, but their genetic similarities were predominated by either parent. The hybrid strain between P. florida and P. ostreatus showed patterns more similar to P. florida, while the hybrid strain between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus either had patterns predominated by either parent strain. The fruiting body colors of the mono-mono crosses mostly had combined colors of both parents but showed the tendency of being more similar to that of either parent. 82% of the hybrid strain indicated similar fruiting body yields compared to both parent strains, while 0% was higher and 18% were lower than both parents. The present study was able to find out and suggest superior hybrid trains by identifying the nuclear DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus species as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. This study expects that the advantages of the mono-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding and it is better to develop superior strains of Pleurotus species strains together with the mono-mono crossing.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 2009

We determined the genetic relatedness among 81 commercial varieties of oyster mushrooms by either comparison of fruiting body characteristics or using PCR amplification with URP primers. Also, we assessed their temperature adaptation by using box cultivation. Based on our data, some varieties such as Wonhyung and variety 1, Suhan and variety 20, Wang-hukpyung and variety 4, Chunchu #2 and variety 6, Shinong #11 and variety 1, Samgu #1 and variety 2, showed the close genetic relatedness between each other. It is known that mushroom culture room is affected by outer temperature because mushroom need the adequate aeration for their growth. Therefore, in aspect of saving energy, the cultivation of season favorable mushroom species has been recommended. Eight different commercial varieties including Sa-chul, Yeoreum and Bunhong(Pink) grew well at high temperature ($16^{\circ}C$). Also, about 51 different oyster mushroom strains were good at relatively high temperature. However, other 64 different oyster mushroom varieties were grew well at low temperature ($11^{\circ}C$). Fourty-nine varieties were adapted well in most temperatures. The slow growth rate were observed in some varieties including Kun(P. eryngii ), Awi(P. nebrodensis ), and Cheunbok(P. abalonus ), which are not suitable for box cultivation. We believe that the culture characterization of each mushroom varieties should help many farmers in many aspects such as saving energy, quantity improvement and new variety development etc.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2007

Comparison of fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivar chunchu No .2 grown on the sawdust, rice straw and cotton waste substrates revealed differences in the pattern of differentiation of hyphal compartments. Required period for primordium induction of fruit bodies grown on sawdust substrate was 13 days. Physical structure shown as hardness of stipes grown on the sawdust substrate, fruit bodies were harden than control. Pileocystidia were well developed on the surface of pileus in the fruit body cultivated on rice straw. Microstructures of fruit body grown on the sawdust and cotton wastes substrates shown fast-discharge of basidiospore and sytoms ageing. Hyphae of fruit bodies formed on sawdust substrate had less stainable cytoplasmic material and many more vacuoles than hyphae of fruit bodies formed on synthetic substrate with 50% of pine sawdust, 30% of cotton seed hull and 20 of beet pulp(control).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

We bred a new strain of Pleurotus eryngii. It's name is 'Gongi No.3' and it was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E08-5D2 and dikaryotic strain GMPE25016 from 2006 to 2010 in Mushroom Research Station, Gyonggi province A.R.E.S. The characteristics of a new strain 'Gongi No.3' is as follows ; The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from 26 to 29 degrees celsius on PDA medium and those for the premodium formation and the growth of fruit body were from 14 to 18 degrees celsius. The period of spawn running was around 30days at 22 degrees celsius and the period taken from scratching old spawn to make premodium were 8 days. The color degree of cap surface was measured by color difference meter and that of a new strain 'Gongi No.3' was 54.4 by L-value. it was seem to be dark, compared with 'Keunneutari No.2'. The hardness of fruit body of a new strain was higher than 'Keunneutari No.2'. The yield was about 180g per bottle(1100cc). it was 10g more than 'Keunneutari No.2'.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate applicability of Spent Mushroom Media(SMM) as horticultural nursery media. After the mushroom has been harvested, the SMM contains a lot of organic material, different microorganism and high density of mushroom hypha. The pH, phosphate and exchangeable cation concentrations of SMM of Flammulina velutipes were higher than those of any other treatment. The CEC and $NH_4-N$ were the highest in SMM of bottle-cultivated oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Bacteria and fungi showed the highest density in SMM of Flammulina velutipes. Most dominant bacteria were Microbacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Agrobacterium sp. in SMM of Flammulina velutipes and Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Curtobacterium sp. and Microbacterium sp. in that of Pleurotus eryngii. The SMM contained high density of mushroom hypha that inhibited germination of seed and growth of young seedlings. Therefore, composting process of the SMM is indispensible to decline of vitality of mushroom hypha. The SMM of Flammulina velutipes with 0~30% vermiculite showed high germination rate in red pepper and chinese cabbage seeds. SMM of Pleurotus eryngii with 20% vermiculite showed 100% germination rate in red pepper seeds, but chinese cabbage seeds nearly failed to germinate with 30% vermiculite. The growth of red pepper was increased according to increasing mixture ratio of vermiculite. Accordingly, we concluded that SMM of Flammulina velutipes contained 0~30% of vermiculite can be used to horticultural growth bed for red pepper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 1989

The buffer activities of 72 species of natural pH adjusters in Chinese herb medicine materials of food materials by 100% acetic acid$({\mu}{\ell})$ titration until pH 4.0 in the $100m{\ell}$ of 1 % solution of the pH adjuster were evaluated for their abilities to retard acidification of Kimchi. There were 14 species above 100 of buffer activity such as Glycerehizae Radix(150), Siler divaricatum Benthan et Hooker etc. among selected Chinese herb medicine materials. In selected Chinese herb medicine materials, the buffer activities of Erillae Herba+Glycyrehizae Radix, Erillae Herba+Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Erillae Herba+Glycyrehizae Radix, Erillae Herba+Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Erillae Herba+Puerariae Radix, Chrysanthenum sinense+Puerariae Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma+Angelicae gigantis and Dioscoreae Rhizoma+Puerariae Radix were above 150 by same amount blending each other. Species and buffer activities of natural pH adjusters, which are higher buffer capabilities in mushroom, bean and vegetable classes were mungbean(207). soybean(160), pease(190), fungus(225), Garland chrysanthemum(200), amaranth(175), wild sesame leaf(200), parsley(202) and green pepper(257) etc. Species and buffer activities of higher buffer capabilities of natural pH adjusters of natural blending pH adjusters which is synergistic effect or natural blending pH adjusters which is synergistic effect mixing with radish juice were mung bean+peas(272), mung bean+soy bean(282), fungus+parsley(302), Garlan chrysanthenum+amaranth(300), Garland chrysanthenum+wild sesame leaf(277), amaranth+green pepper(300) and amaranthe+parsley(280) etc and those mixing with cabbage juice were peas+fungus(202), Garland chrysanthenum(207) and fungus+parsely (205) etc.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

Interorder somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus in the order Agaricales and Elfvingia applanata in the order Aphyllophorales. The fusants were classified into stable heterokaryons and spontaneously segregated heterokaryons. Hyphae of all fusion products except two strains did not form clamp connections. Out of them, two clamped and three clampless fusants produced mature fruiting bodies by light-dark cycle on sawdust rice bran medium. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Three fusants were analysed with the distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic characters by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were shown to segregate and recombine in the first generation of monospores isolated from basidiocarps. Phenotypes of a large number of auxotrophic progenies were not detected in the two clamped fusants. The aberration ratio of segregants indicated the gene interaction resulting from different genome structure between distantly related species. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted for the detection of somatic hybrids nuclear DNA. Four fusants showed a positive results in three kinds of primers. The prominent reaction products are represented by new bands in primer # 87 and # 125. Out of four fusants, two somatic hybrids had non-parental mtDNA patterns when digested with EcoR1 and HindIII. Comparison of somatic hybrids, tissue culture isolates(TC) and multispore germination isolates(MS) were made using esterase isozyme analysis. It is apparent that somatic hybrids had a minor banding patterns which are quite different from those of parents.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.102-106
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia. The diameter and dry weight of the mycelia were increased in the medium supplemented with Aronia compared with the untreated medium. The total polyphenol content of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 6.54 mg GAE/g and 5.77 mg GAE/g, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 61.81% and 49.65%, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 59.83% and 52.66%, respectively. These results confirmed that P. ostreatus mycelial growth and antioxidant activity were increased when Aronia was added to the culture medium.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 1986

After treatment of basidiospores of P. cornucopiae with ultraviolet light, 84 putative mutants from 4671 isolates were obtained. The highest proportion of auxotrophic mutants was obtained from the isolates irradiated to give $0.4{\sim}1.0%$ survival. Fourteen auxotrophs were selected for protoplast fusion and each genetic marker was identified.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 1985

The experiment of protoplast regeneration and reversion were undertaken to provide a basic techniques for protoplast manipulation. Protoplasts of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus ostreatus were reverted to normal hyphal growth and the reversion frequency of both fungal protoplasts were $0.24{\sim}3.19%$. Reversion medium stabilized with 0.6 M potassium chloride and sucrose was better than the other stabilized one. The protoplast reversion frequency was increased when various amino acid and vitamin compounds were added to the hypertonic mushroom complete agar medium.