• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.631-642
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• 2016

This study analyzed of the themes (wounding and healing); concerning the Sandplay therapy process applied to children with emotional instability and attention deficit problems. The subjects of the study were 30 elementary school children who agreed to a personal-interview with the author. They all were families of receiving basic livelihood welfare living in the same county. After the preliminary analysis, the main study data collected from subjects was analyzed by variance (t-test), frequency analysis, and correlation analysis using the standard table modified in accordance with Mitchell's classification system. Particular attention was made in the analyses of the characteristics of the subjects as members of low-income families. As the Sandplay therapy proceeded, it became evident that the wounding area showed a low frequency while the healing area featured a high frequency, and confirmed (as in previous studies) that the Sandplay therapy would be effective for children with emotional instability as well as for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis of difference between the types of children with both problems revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for children with emotional instability than for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis also revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for girls than for boys.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.35-51
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of early childhood teacher-led child-centered group play therapy on young children's sociability. The changes of sociability in the therapeutic process were also examined. Methods: The subjects of this study were 12 young children who were five years old and attended a child care center in Gangwon-do. Subjects were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received 15 early childhood teacher-led child-centered group play therapy sessions twice a week. The sociability scale was used for pre-post tests and the data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Every session was video-taped and recorded verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed to examine changes in sociability. Results: Children who participated in the early childhood teacher-led child-centered group play therapy demonstrated significant improvement in sociability. During the therapy sessions, children's expressions and behaviors associated with sociability gradually increased. Conclusion/Implications: This study supports the use of early childhood teacher-led child-centered group play therapy as an effective intervention strategy for young children to improve their sociability.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of musical activities on social and emotional behavior of infants, through providing musical activities to the infants who were cared in a nursery and observing the interactions between peer group, or a therapist and an infant derived during them. The subject is 24 infants who are under 2 years of age(25~36months) at two nurseries located in Bundang area, and 13 infants among them are randomly assigned as study group and 11 infants as control group. Pretest and posttest about social and emotional behavior are performed, and ITSEA developed by Brggs-Gowan and Carter(2001) and amended by Shin Ji Yeon(2004) was used as an evaluation tool. Infants' changes of interaction behaviors during musical play were also analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, and for the analysis, infant's social play behavior examination tool developed by Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988) was adopted. Based on time sampling method, each item of this tool was evaluated. Each session was performed for 15 minutes, and 60 times of analysis about interactions per session was conducted at every 15 seconds. The analysis result was showed with a table and a graph, and described qualitatively about behavior changes. When compared social and emotional positive behavior average figures and negative behavior average figures between study group and control group, this study showed that the positive behavior figure of study group was increased and the negative behavior figure was decreased. While concentration and empathy among positive behaviors increased meaningfully, aggression, defiance, separation anxiety and rejection to new things among negative activities also decreased meaningfully. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, interactions with peers or a therapist based on music and musical experience make an effect on strengthening positive behavior among social and emotional behavior and decreasing negative behavior. Second, music has influence on negative behaviors more than positive behaviors of an infant, and produces a good effect on sub behaviors of negative behaviors specially.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 1995

Selective mutism is a childhood condition defined by persisten failure to speak in specific social situation when speaking is expected, dispite preserved ability to comprehend spoken language and speak. Present study is to investigate clinical characteristics, treatment method and outcome of 23 children who were diagnosed as selective mutism by DSM-IV criteria at the child psychiatry ouptatient department of SNUH. The results were as follows : 1) The Sex ratio was 1: 4.8, female dominant Mear age of onset was 33 years old and mean age of first referral was 7.7 years old. 2) 22% of subjects had perinatal problem such as low birth weight, preterm birth, 26% of the subjects have history of delayed language development. There are subjects who had been separated with mam caretaker before 3 years old(26%) and who experienced physical or psychological trauma before 3 years old(26%). A few subjects had enurests(30%) and encoprests(4%). 3) Many subjects(65%) had symbiotic relationship with their mother. These families consist of dominant, verbally aggressive mother and passive father. Parents of 39% of all subjects were judged to have definite psychopathology(social phobic, depression, hysterical trait or alcohol problem) 26% of all subject, were reported physically abused. 4) The personality trait of the subjects were frequently described as follows(in order of frequency) ; Shy(100%), anxious(83%), stubborn(83%)m rigid and tense posture(78%), immature(65%) overdependent(65%), irritable(52%), manipulative(39%), depressive(39%). 5) The mean performance IQ of 16 subjects by KEDI-WISC was 88.3 Among them, the subjects with IQ below 69 were seven and those with IQ above 70 were nine. When comparing these two group(Mental retardation group vs Normal IQ group), we could find some difference in language development, personality trait, family dynamics and treatment outcome. 6) Among several treatment methods for selective mutism, play therapy was the most frequently used method(65%). Other commonly used treatment methods were pharmacotherapy(21%), behavioral therapy(8%), combined therapy(play therapy+pharmacotherapy+family therapy+behavioral therapy)(12%), 7) Regarding the outcome of treatment 8.6% was evaluated as Excellent, 30.4% as Good, 52% as Fair, 8.7% as Poor at the tinic of treatment. At follow up interview 21.7% was evaluated Excellent, 13% as Good, 21.7% as Fair, 34.8% as Poor. 8) We classified all subjects by Havden's 4 subtype. Symbiotic mutism was most common(65%) and other subtypes are Speech phobic mutism(8.6), Reactive mutism(13%) and Passive-aggressive mutism(30%).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This paper tries to examine whether the application of joint mobilization to subjects who have the forward head posture due to malalignment in the cervical joint has influence on posture changes and functions in the cervical joint. The subjects were 39 students from G University in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The cervical joint mobilization was applied to 20 subjects and not to 19. The students with a cervical lordosis angle of $21^{\circ}C$ or less, an anterior weight bearing (AWB) of 15mm or greater, and a cervical extension ROM of $70^{\circ}C$ or less in terms of radiography were selected as subjects under their voluntary agreement. The patients actively performed the joint mobilization slowly 8 times per session while therapists continuously applied sustained accessory glide to their painful joints 3 times per week for 4 weeks along with the cervical expansion and flexion in SNAGS among other Mulligan's (1995) techniques. The measurement was carried out in terms of radiographic inspection and neck disability indexes. As a result of the experiment, it turned out that the subjects with the forward head posture had changes in the cervical AWB and ARA, the ranges of expansion and flexion, and the NDI(Neck Disability Index) after the intervention for the experimental group by applying cervical joint mobilization. There were no changes observed in the control group. In conclusion, the application of joint mobilization turned out to have influence on the improvement of cervical joint postures, and craniocervical region functions.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-43
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine the effects of a reciprocal attention intervention on the joint attention behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by comparing the music and nonmusic conditions. An alternating treatment design was applied as one of the single subject designs and the reciprocal attention intervention included music and nonmusic conditions implemented alternately within a session. The participants were four children between the ages 4 and 5 years and each participant who participated in 23 intervention sessions that followed the sequence of baseline (3 sessions), treatment (15 sessions), and follow-up (5 sessions). The music condition consisted of structured joint instrument playing, trials for attentional shift, and interactive instrument playing. The nonmusic condition consisted of joint toy play, trials for attentional shift, and turn taking-based play. The occurrence of target behaviors (i. e., joint attention behavior, eye gaze, and joint action) was analyzed across sessions. At pretest and posttest, the Early Social Communication Scale was administered. All participants showed increasing tendency in all target behaviors, but such occurrence was greater in the music condition than in the nonmusic condition. The findings support the use of a reciprocal attention intervention with musical stimuli to effectively improve joint attention in this population.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

Objectives：BPI was developed for assessing young children's perceptions. Using an interactive techniques for interviewing children, the BPI blends structured and clinical interviewing technique. Present study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and the clinical utility of Berkeley Puppet Interview(BPI) for young children aged 4 to 7. Methods：Subjects consisted of 37 children(boy20, girl 17) between the age of 4 and 7 who visited the child-psychiatry outpatient division of children's hospital in Seoul and Chungju. The measures used in this study BPI-S(symptomatology) and BPI-PC(parent-child relationship). BPI was translated into Korean by three clinical psychologists. To examine the reliability, Chonbach's alpha were calculated and to examine the validity, correlation coefficients were calculated on BPI-S & K-CBCL. Results：BPI-PC's Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 and BPI-S's Cronbach's alpha was 0.74. Correlation between the internalizing scale of BPI-S and that of K-CBCL was 0.477 and correlation between the internalizing scale of BPI-S and the externalizing scale of K-CBCL was -0.431, suggesting the validity of BPI-S. Conclusion：These results show that BPI-S & BPI-PC may be useful tool for young children's diagnostic interview.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

For this paper, we developed a game-addiction therapy program for students with gaming addiction based on multiple intelligences (MI) and verified its effects. The participants were 54 elementary students selected through a game addiction test in Incheon City, Korea. We tested the students' MI to facilitate program development. the students with gaming addiction showed strengths in the Bodily-kinesthetic, Naturalist, and Spatial intelligences whilst showing weaknesses in the Logical-mathematical, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal intelligences as opposed to normal students who had opposite results. We arranged the program around various gaming and playing activities to engage their stronger intelligences; we added activities to address their weakness (i.e., Logical-mathematical, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal intelligences). This study has shown that this program lowered the game immersion level of the students and was helpful in turning their attention to other activities. There were significant differences between pretest and posttest game addiction scores (p<0.001). Their weekly gaming time and computer usage decreased rapidly. Satisfaction with the game addiction therapy program based on MI was very high.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2021

Nanta means "tapping" using percussion instruments such as drums, which is the rhythm of Samulnori, a tradtional Korean music. Nanta speech rhythm intervention program was developed and applied for the children with limited speech sound production and investigated its effect. Nanta program provided audible stimulation, various sound loudness and beats, and rhythms. Nanta program consists of three stages : Respiration, phonation and articulation with the rhythm. Six children with language development delay participated in this study. Children were encouraged to explore sounds and beats and freely express sounds and beats. Along with the rhythm, children also were encouraged to produce speech sounds by increasing the length of syllables in mimetic and imitating words. A total of 15 sessions were conducted twice a week for 40 minutes per session. For exploring the effectiveness, raw scores from preschool receptive-expressive scales (PRES) and receptive-expressive vocabulary test (REVT) were obtained and compared before and after therapy. The results demonstrated that significantly improved receptive (p=.027) and expressive language scores (p=.024) in PRES and receptive (p=.028) and expressive (p=.028) vocabulary scores following intervention using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.These findings suggest that the nanta rhythm program can be useful for improving language development and vocabulary in children with limited speech sound production.