• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.293-302
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• 2014

As part of the agricultural natural circulation, the present study was performed. Recently, there has been the movement toward reusing the Liquid Pig Manure as an alternative fertilizer sources for agricultural lands. For instance, LPM (Liquid Pig Manure) liquid fertilizer has been developed and widely used in Korea. However, the impacts of LPM on both agricultural environment and crop triticale yield have not been investigated yet. The experiments were studied on paddy field after treatment of LPM on plant height, root length, plant length, dry matter yield and soil chemical properties. The effect of LPM by application on triticale was more increased plant height, root length and plant length than the Control. Chemical soil characteristics were not significantly different between on Control and LPM. Soil pH, OM, TN, $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable cation of triticale (X Triticosecale wittmack) appeared to be lower than before the treatment. Dry matter yield were produced 834.3kg $10a^{-1}$ of in LPM plot and 684.4kg $10a^{-1}$ in Control plot. In these results show abbreviated as the application of LPM increases the yield index of triticale. However, the properties of paddy soil were not affected by the LPM application.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

The study was conducted to evaluate the weed suppressing effects of two winter cover crops, Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rye, in minor cereal fields in 2009. The suppressing activities of cover crops were due to the allelopathy of cover crops during weed emerging periods and competitive activity during vegetative growth of weeds. Weed suppression by cover crops were changed from 26.5 g $m^{-2}$, 0.1 g $m^{-2}$ and 0.2 g $m^{-2}$ in control, rye field and CMV field, respectively, on June 22 to 428.6 g $m^{-2}$, 1 g $m^{-2}$ and 403.9 g $m^{-2}$ in control, rye field and CMV field, respectively, on July 22. The weed dry weights were further changed to 656.3 g $m^{-2}$, 607.8 g $m^{-2}$ and 511.8 g $m^{-2}$ in control, rye field and CMV field, respectively, on August 22. The suppressing effect of cover crops also observed in minor cereals. Plant height and dry weight of sorghum was reduced to 68.7% and 33.6% of handweeding, respectively, on August 5. The reduction was recovered to 82.7% and 55.6% of control, respectively, on August 26. In addition, heading date of minor cereals was delayed by 7 days with rye.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.226-228
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• 2008

The Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infected 99-100% of a $1000\;m^2$-maize field in Mungyeong City in 2007. Adjacent to the area is a Persimmon orchard where barley crops were grown under the trees as green manure crops and for soil amendments. The barley acted as winter host to the small brown plant hoppers (SBPH) enabling the insects to survive and pass the winter season. The existence of RBSDV was detected and confirmed by RT-PCR using S9 specific primer. Samples of the insect vector SBPH were collected in the area on May 3, June 7 and, August 4 and the results of the RT-PCR analysis revealed viruliferous insect rates of 2.9, 4.8, and 4.4%, respectively. These observed viruliferous insect rates were similar with those detected in RBSDV infected rice fields.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

This study was conducted to control ginger rhizome rot treated with the combined treatment, the hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and eggshell calcium in organic ginger farm. Early symptoms of leaf yellowing and plant wilt began in the chemical fertilizer treatment on July 1. Ginger rhizome rot was more progressed on October 2, and stem browning and dead plant showed a high disease incidence with from 36.7% to 43.0%. On the other hand, the combined treatment did not occur at all until July 1 and delayed the disease incidence to October 2. It showed a low disease incidence of 1.3% to 1.7%. In the combined treatment, the content of soil Na, Fe, Cu was decreased and organic matter was increased twice with 31.6% than previous. Population density of Pythium sp. is lower in the combined treatment ($0.3-2.0{\times}10^3cfu/g$ than the chemical fertilizer treatments ($12.0-12.3{\times}10^3cfu/g$). The combined treatment, hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and the eggshell calcium is able to control the ginger rhizome rot in organically cultivated ginger field.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of Tenuivirus Group, which is carried by small brown planthopper. There is an outbreak of RSV in South Korea at 20Ot, and 2007. The infection caused by RSV had been investigated on weeds around the rice cultivated areas 13 region and 26 site including Jeonbuk Buan and Chungnam Seocheon. There have a doubt as to alternate host of RSV is total 15 Family and 50 Species including Gramineae 24 species of Duksaepul (Alopecurus aequalis), H. sativum var. vulgare etc.. There is identified the infected RSV in Festuca myuros, Alopecurus aequalis, Hordeum sativum var. vulgare, Trisetum bifidum, Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli, Digitaria ciliaris among this species. Deulmuksae is the overwintering exotic weed which sprout in Autumn and wither in Spring and commonly growed as green manure crop or cover crop. In order to identify the infection rate furthermore, 111 samples which were collected at Buan Gyehwa-myeon region, and 50 samples from Seocheon Maseo-myeon in June, 2008, were ELISA tested. The results are 32 positives from Buan, 28.8% infection rate, 8 positives from Seocheon 16.0% infection rate. RSV infection of Deulmuksae is not reported currently, and follow report first describes the Deulmuksae as an alternate host of RSV.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1986

A laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the denitrification rate upon the levels of nitrogen and source of organic matter in submerged sandy and sandy loam soil. The results obtained were sumarized as follows; 1. Evolution of nitrous oxide was increased at 1st and 10 days after incubation. And dinitrogen was increased at 1st and 30 days after incubation. Applications of green manure was enhanced the evolution of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and dinitrogen ($N_2$). 2. The cumulative denitrification rates at 50 days was high in Gyuam sandy loam soil (O-M: 1.52%) than that of Hamchang sandy soil (O-M: 3.81%). On the other hand, the cumulative emission of dinitrogen was high in Gyuam sandy loam soil while nitrous oxide was high in Hamchang sandy soil. The total mount of denitrification rate was high in order of green manure > rice straw > compost > control soil. 3. Increases of fertilizer nitrogen was enhanced the rate of emission of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide during the incubation time. 4. According to Michaelis-Menten kinetic equation, denitrification rates and reaction efficiency were remarkably increased by application of readily decomposable organic matter with in higher organic matter content of soil. 5. The negative relationship was observed between the evolution of dinitrogen and carbon ($CO_2+CH_4$) while the nitrous oxide with carbon was positive. 6. Under the this experiment conditions 1 mg of carbon was required for production of 4 mg N as $N_2O$ and 3 mg of N as $N_2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Background: Dazomet are widely used as soil fumigant to solve soilborne problems, and the degradation intermediates are toxic to nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects and weeds. Methods and Results: The effects of cultivation of green manure crop, maize before and after soil fumigation on the control of ginseng root rot disease were compared using soil where 6-years-old ginseng was harvested. Fumigant (dazomet) were used for soil fumigation in May and September, respectively. Maize was grown for soil management before and after soil fumigation. After May fumigation, the sowing date of maize was delayed by 15 days and thus its dry weight was decreased significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation increased pH but decreased EC, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, and K significantly. Maize cultivation after May fumigation decreased fungi population and the ratio of fungi and bacteria. Growth of 2-years-old ginseng was improved and the incidence of ginseng root rot was significantly decreased by maize cultivation after May fumigation. After harvesting 2-years-old ginseng, the population of Cylindrocarpon destructans was not different between treatment of May and September, but Fusarium solani showed a significant increase in September fumigation after maize cultivation. Conclusions: Maize cultivation after soil fumigation was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by the amendment of mineral composition and microorganism in fumigated soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding timing and method of rye and/or hairy vetch on seasonal soil and foliar nutrient concentrations as well as fruit quality in a pesticide-free pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments included as followed: single seeding of rye in September (Sep-Mono), November (Nov-Mono), and January (Jan-Mono), or mix seeding of rye+hairy vetch in November (Nov-Mix) and January (Jan-Mix), or sod culture as a control. Cover crops or vegetation was mown and mulched on the soil surface in April and May for two years. Nov-Mix treatment produced the highest dry matter weight of $12,070kg\;ha^{-1}$, with the lowest dry matter weight for sod culture ($6,520kg\;ha^{-1}$), following Jan-Mix ($7,030kg\;ha^{-1}$). Nov-Mix treatments increased potential amount of N, P, and K from the raw materials of the cover crops as well as improved soil physical properties. Nov-Mix treatments overall elevated soil pH, EC, organic matter, and $P_2O_5$ in May compared to other cover crop treatments or sod culture. The difference of the seasonal nutrient concentrations in leaves or fruit qualities were not consistently occurred amongst treatments. CONCLUSION: Nov-Mix treatments showed playing role in a substitute of a chemical fertilizer. Delayed seeding of cover crops such as Jan-Mix did not increase the potential dry matter production due to the short growing period, and the seeding time would affect the dry matter production of cover crops.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.785-791
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of the farm management and productivity increase of cabbages growing in the plastic house based on application of green manure crops such as silage corn, haussolgo (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench), hairy vetch, etc. According to the effect of green manure crop grown in summer season, the biomass amount of the silage corn was the highest; 7,630 kg per 10a, the next was haussolgo, 5,620 kg per 10a. In terms of the fertilizer ingredients, the first of forage soybean was 3.84% of nitrogen, whereas hairy vetch was 1.74% of phosphate and kalium, 4.74%. Productivity increase of cabbages was the highest in the haussolgo plot of which the yield of showed 10,090 kg per 10a and the farm household income would be worth 8,053 thousand won. By growing forage crops in the winter season, the biomass amount was the highest in the mixed sowing plot with rye (50%) and hairy vetch (50%) of 3,590 kg per 10a, whereas the productivity in the mixed seeding with rye (70%) and hairy vetch (30%) was highest, 6,249 kg per 10a and the farm household income would be worth 7,387 thousand won. Judging from these results, more practical on-farm research on applying different green manure crops as a basal fertilizer with cabbage in the plastic house should be considered to analyze the farm management and the farm household income at different sites.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

Seed coat of hairy vetch is very thick and hard, and difficult to absorb water during germination. It requires much time that cotyledon comes out from seed coat. Therefore this experiment was carried out to increase the germination rate by enhancing water absorption through water-soaking of seed, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid, and mechanical scarification on seed coat. Water-soaking for 5 hours seemed to be highly effective in enhancing germination rate. Although not significant, water-soaking resulted in increase of germination rate by 9%. Effect of soaking temperature was not significant, but early germination rate was increased to be 5.0%, 31.7% and 48.3% at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mechanical scarification of seed coat led to a germination rate of 97% whereas intact seed showed that of 65%. Chemical scarification by sulfuric acid for 10min, 20min and 30min resulted in a germination rate of 76.7%, 74.7% and 96.0% respectively. It is clear that scarification increased germination rate.