• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1993

We evaluated frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations by ionizing radiation in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy in our institution. Twenty-five patients with various types of carcinomas such as lung, uterine cervix, esophagus, rectum, head and neck and pancreatic cancers were studied immediately before and after external beam radiotherapy. The frequency of aberrant metaphase prior to treatment was $4.93{\%}$, which was higher than that of control group. Especially in lung cancer, the freuqency of aberrant metaphase was three times higher than control group. A comparison of chromosomal abnormalities observed before and after radiotherapy demonstrated that proportion of aberrant rnetaphases was significantly inreased to $22.13{\%}$. Major chromosomal aberrations like structural abnormalities showed remarkalbe increase from 65.45 to $88.45{\%}$ after the treatment. Also the numbers of chromosomal alterations per cell were increased by a factor of 6.5. Aberrations with two or more break points were more prominently increased, compared with aberrations with single break point. The number of chromosomal break points was noted to be higher than expected value in No.1, 3, 8 and 11 chromosomes and lower in No.13, 15, 17 and 21 chromosomes. Based on this study, we believe that the distribution of chromosomal breakage is related with gene and chromosomal rearrangement which could result in the development of cancers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.32
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

Purpose: In modern radiotherapy technology, several methods of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) are used to deliver accurate doses to tumor target locations and normal organs, including CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) and other devices, ExacTrac System, other than CBCT equipped with linear accelerators. In previous studies comparing the two systems, positional errors were analysed rearwards using Offline-view or evaluated only with a Yaw rotation with the X, Y, and Z axes. In this study, when using CBCT and ExacTrac to perform 6 Degree of the Freedom(DoF) Online IGRT in a treatment center with two equipment, the difference between the set-up calibration values seen in each system, the time taken for patient set-up, and the radiation usefulness of the imaging device is evaluated. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the difference between mobile calibrations and exposure radiation dose, the glass dosimetry and Rando Phantom were used for 11 cancer patients with head circumference from March to October 2017 in order to assess the difference between mobile calibrations and the time taken from Set-up to shortly before IGRT. CBCT and ExacTrac System were used for IGRT of all patients. An average of 10 CBCT and ExacTrac images were obtained per patient during the total treatment period, and the difference in 6D Online Automation values between the two systems was calculated within the ROI setting. In this case, the area of interest designation in the image obtained from CBCT was fixed to the same anatomical structure as the image obtained through ExacTrac. The difference in positional values for the six axes (SI, AP, LR; Rotation group: Pitch, Roll, Rtn) between the two systems, the total time taken from patient set-up to just before IGRT, and exposure dose were measured and compared respectively with the RandoPhantom. Results: the set-up error in the phantom and patient was less than 1mm in the translation group and less than 1.5° in the rotation group, and the RMS values of all axes except the Rtn value were less than 1mm and 1°. The time taken to correct the set-up error in each system was an average of 256±47.6sec for IGRT using CBCT and 84±3.5sec for ExacTrac, respectively. Radiation exposure dose by IGRT per treatment was measured at 37 times higher than ExacTrac in CBCT and ExacTrac at 2.468mGy and 0.066mGy at Oral Mucosa among the 7 measurement locations in the head and neck area. Conclusion: Through 6D online automatic positioning between the CBCT and ExacTrac systems, the set-up error was found to be less than 1mm, 1.02°, including the patient's movement (random error), as well as the systematic error of the two systems. This error range is considered to be reasonable when considering that the PTV Margin is 3mm during the head and neck IMRT treatment in the present study. However, considering the changes in target and risk organs due to changes in patient weight during the treatment period, it is considered to be appropriately used in combination with CBCT.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.757-765
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• 2008

Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently. Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, space loss, and disturbances in the eruption path, also trauma and apical follicular cysts. Impacted teeth can cause serious dental and aesthetic difficulties as well as psychological problems especially in anterior regions. Although the impaction of maxillary incisor occurs less frequently than that of the maxillary canine, it is of concern to parents during the early mixed dentition stage because of the uneruption of the tooth. Forced eruption of impacted teeth should be considered in young patients because this technique can lead to suitable results from a periodontal, occlusal, and esthetic perspective at an earlier stage better than with other treatment options. This report presents the surgical and orthodontic treatment of cases with horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisors. For each patient, we used the closed eruption method, placed an attachment on the impacted tooth on surgery, and fully closed the flap. Traction was applied immediately. The impacted tooth erupts through the healed tissue in a manner resembling normal eruption.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2013

With a prevalence rate of 0.01%, the presence of eruption disturbances of mandibular first molar has rarely been in populations. Eruption disturbances of permanent molars have been usually manifested as impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention. The treatments of eruption disturbances are carried out by: periodic observation; surgical exposure; forced eruption after surgical exposure; forced eruption with luxation; surgical repositioning; and extraction. This case report show successfully erupted mandibular first molars by various treatment methods on five patients diagnosed with impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention, respectively. Eruption disturbances of the mandibular first molar can be properly diagnosed with impaction, primary retention, and secondary retention by clinical and radiographic examination at normal eruption time of the mandibular first molar. The treatment should be done synthetically, considering eruption state of affected tooth, the relationship between the affected tooth and the adjacent or opposite tooth, the patient's age, treatment compliance, and economic state.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of human rights sensitivity of occupational therapist and to compare the difference of the human rights sensitivity according to their characteristics and to provide basic data for the development of human rights education programs for occupational therapists in the future and to emphasize their role as human rights advocates. Methods : The subjects for this study were occupational therapists who chosen by snowball sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of 5 episodes and 30 questions to measure the level of occupational therapist's human rights sensitivity and 7 questions for identifying general characteristics of subjects. We distributed the questionnaire by on-line. 165 copies were collected and used to final data analysis. Results : The average of occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity was $33.52{\pm}14.96$. According to the subcategories, the average of perception of situation was $20.44{\pm}2.32$, perception of result was $19.85{\pm}2.32$, and the perception of responsibility was $19.14{\pm}2.21$. Among 5 episodes, The highest score was the right to pursue one's happiness of the elderly($12.72{\pm}1.56$), and the lowest score was the right to personal freedom in disabled ($11.04{\pm}2.23$). There were significantly differences of the subjects' age, educational level, organization type, and the level of clinical experiences. Conclusion : Occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity increased with age and the level of clinical experiences. And the human rights sensitivity increased as they were exposed to various human rights related circumstances. The reason of the highest score for situational awareness was that empathy for the client-centered intervention is important. This study confirmed that it is necessary to have human rights education and various educational programs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.310-317
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• 2009

Dens evaginatus is a dental anomaly involving an extra cusp or tubercle that protrudes from the occlusal surface of the affected tooth. The prevalence of dens evaginatus is 1 to 4 percent, and dens evaginatus is observed most commonly in premolars. It can be worn or fractured easily, resulting in pulpal exposure, pulpal infection, loss of vitality, facial infection and osteomyelitis. Since the tooth frequently has the immature apex when the tubercle is fractured, there is difficulty in treatment. Although calcium hydroxide is widely used for pulp treatment of an immature permanent tooth, several alternatives have been suggested to reduce patient's appointments. Mineral trioxide aggregate is considered biocom-patible and has excellent marginal sealing ability. In addition, it can minimize patient's visits. In this case report, apexification with MTA was attempted on the immature premolars in patients with cellulitis patient, caused by pulp necrosis due to dens evaginatus. Favorable clinical and radiologic results were achieved. In one case, continued root formation was observed.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2017

Tooth wear, one of the physiological changes in the elderly patient's mouth, generally does not require treatment, but requires prosthodontic restoration when occlusal disharmony, poor masticatory function, pulp exposure occurs. One of the primary considerations in prosthodontic restoration for tooth wear is vertical dimension. It is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and analysis, correct judgement of the interdental relationship for predictive treatment plan. A step-by-step approach considering dental care for aged is also required. In this case, a 93-year-old male patient presented with worn dentition and mobility of existing fixed dental prosthesis. After diagnosis and evaluation, maxillary rehabilitation without any change in the occlusal vertical dimension was performed and this shows satisfactory results both functionally and morphologically.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2005

An ameloblastic carcinoma is a very rare odontogenic malignant tumor, which sometimes have a benign clinical nature, but typically have aggressive features, with large ulcerative lesion and extensive local destruction. These clinical characteristics make the complete surgical removal of a tumor difficult. As a consequence, a poor prognosis may result due to local recurrence and distant metastasis. For this reason, it is important to consider adjuvant therapies for high-risk ameloblastic carcinoma patients. Here, the case of a recurrent ameloblastic carcinoma that occurred in the mandible after primary surgery is reported. The lesion was treated with further local excision, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Also, a few remarks on the role of postoperative radiotherapy in patient with ameloblastic carcinoma have been made from a review of the current literatures on the treatment of this type of lesion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.2 s.121
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

Impaction with a severely dilacerated root is seldom reported, especially in the maxillary incisor. It is probably because of the high clinical difficulty associated with bringing the dilacerated tooth into proper position, and the high chance of failure due to ankylosis, external root resolution, and root exposure after orthodontic traction. Even the successful cases may need periodontal surgery to improve the unesthetic gingival shape. However, it has previously been reported that an impacted maxillary central incisor was successfully treated by proper crown exposure and orthodontic traction. This article presents a case of an invertedly impacted maxillary right central incisor with a developing dilacerated root, which was aligned into proper position after orthodontic traction composed of two stages of a closed eruption technique.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 2008

Upper and lower cuspids are very important teeth in point of function as well as esthetic. However, failure of eruption of the canine sometimes happens and is frequently encountered clinical problems. Upper cuspids are more frequently impacted as compared with lower cuspis and palatally impaction is more frequent event than labially impaction. Impaction of the mandibular canine is unusual event, especially crossing the midline (transmigration) is very rare. Because of, in most cases, there is no signs and symptoms, impacted teeth can be detected by periodic radiograph examination. The etiology of impaction is unclear and multifactorial. The treatment of impacted canine is influenced by presence of obstacles, location and direction of impaction, space for alignment and development of root. There are several treatment options; (1) Surgical removal and/or observation, (2) Window opening and orthodontic traction, (3) Autotransplantation. The first patient (impaction of upper right cuspid) is treated with window opening and orthodontic traction. The second patient (bilaterally impaction of lower cuspids) is treated with autotransplantation, because of transmigration.