• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

Tooth impaction refers to situations in which the eruption is inhibited by some physical barriers in eruptive path and the tooth remains unerupted beyond the normal time of eruption. The etiology of impacted tooth is controversial, but ankylosis has been suggested probably as a leading role. Impacted primary molars may cause several problems such as space loss, tipping of adjacent teeth, supra-eruption of the antagonists, dislocation of succeeding premolar, cystic change and infection. As one of conventional treatments of impacted primary molars, early tooth extraction or surgical extraction following space regaining when there is space loss has been suggested. However, when they are in normal formation and not ankylosed, orthodontic traction following surgical exposure can be the choice of treatment. In this case, a 3-year-old boy was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry for the unerupted mandibular right second primary molar. After surgical removal of gingiva on the occlusal surface, orthodontic traction was performed. After treatment, we could get normal alignment of primary teeth and the opportunity for normal development of permanent teeth.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

This morphological study was carried out to investigate the healing effect of open and occlusive dressing on rabbit skin wounds. The male white rabbits were given incision wound measuring 1.0cm in length and excision wound measuring $1.0{\times}0.2cm$ respectively on backs. Five rabbits among their received sterilization with beta dine twice a day and kept wound open. Another group of rabbits received sterilization and occlusive dressing with application of 1% sulfadiazine ointment and covering of gauze. The rabbits were observed at 5, 10, and 15 days after dressing with light microscope. The results were as follows. Both incision and excision wounds received open and occlusive dressing respectively revealed formation of scab and regeneration of epidermal epithelial cells at wound margin. The superficial dermis showed infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, fibroblastic proliferation, and edema. On 10 days after opera and occlusive dressing the scab had disappeared and regeneration of epidermal epithelium was completed. The capillaries and inflammatory cells were decreased in number. However, edema and fibroblastic proliferation were more pronounced. On 15 days after opera and occlusive dressing, there were keratinization of regenerated epidermal epithelium, loss of inflammatory infiltration, edema, and capillary proliferation, and increase of fibroblastic proliferation and collagen fibers. The amounts of scars were less in incision wound than of excision one. There were no differences in healing processes between both dressing methods. According to the above results, it was conceived that sterilization of wound is more important in wound healing than dressing method in trivial wounds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Chrysoeriol is a widespread flavone, and it is usually found in alfalfa, which has been used as a traditional medicine to treat dyspepsia, asthma, and urinary system disorders. Recently, analysis has been conducted on the anti-inflammatory activity of chrysoeriol, but information on its antioxidative capacity is limited. In this study, the antioxidative potential of chrysoeriol against oxidative damage and its molecular mechanisms were evaluated by analysis of the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and Western blots in the RAW 264.7 cell line. Chrysoeriol significantly scavenged lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner, without any cytotoxicity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II enzyme that exerts antioxidative activity, was also potently induced by chrysoeriol treatment, which corresponded to the translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were analyzed due to their important role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis against oxidative stress. As a result, chrysoeriol-induced HO-1 upregulation was mediated by extracellular signal - regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 phosphorylation. To identify the antioxidative potential exerted by HO-1, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage was applied and mitigated by chrysoeriol treatment, which was confirmed by the HO-1 selective inhibitor and inducer, respectively. Consequently, chrysoeriol strongly strengthened the HO-1-mediated antioxidative potential through the regulation of the Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathways.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate secondary infections within the households of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients. Methods: We collected data on household infections of tuberculosis patients by retrospective review of medical records and telephone surveys. Results: Out of 321 newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases, a total of 253 patients who received telephone surveys were enrolled in this study. Less than 50% of the patients had household contacts screened for tuberculosis infection, and most of the patients were not aware of the necessity of testing. Out of 562 household contacts, there were 8 cases of secondary tuberculosis (1.4%, 8/562) in 7 households. There were 15 cases of latent infection (2.7%, 15/562) in 13 households. Out of 110 child and adolescent household contacts, there were no cases of secondary tuberculosis, and there were 8 cases of latent infection (7.3%) in 7 households, which was 20.5% among child and adolescent contacts screened for tuberculosis infection. In 3 of the cases (13.0%) that had secondary tuberculosis or latent infection in their households, the source of infection was extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There was no correlation between the frequency of household infections and the presence of pulmonary cavities, sputum AFB smear results, and microbiologically confirmed results. Conclusions: For effective investigation of tuberculosis contacts, it is necessary to raise general awareness on the necessity of investigating household contacts, and there should also be a continued assessment on tuberculosis contact investigation since government-supported programs.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (B. polyfermenticus SCD) has been appropriately used for the therapy of long-term intestinal disorders, because live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces the most antibiotic-related materials. In the present study, B. polyfermenticus SCD was fermented with soybeans (BPFS) and its probiotic properties were investigated. B. polyfermenticus SCD and BPFS showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive (Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garviae) and Gram-negative (Flexibacter tractuosus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio ordalii) bacteria and moulds (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae). Sebastes schlegeli were used to examine survival rate and cleanup action by BPFS. Bacterial infection resulted in a mortality of up to 99% in the commercial fodder fed groups. BPFS both enhanced the growth rate of fry by improving their appetite and had cleaned by decreased eutrophication. Therefore, it seems appropriate that BPFS should be developed as an antibiotic replacement, favorable fodder additive, and antifungal material in fish farming systems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-325
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• 2009

Veterinary drugs have been used to prevent livestock diseases for many years. In spite of having advantages, sometimes indiscriminate application, overdose and abuse may cause risk for human. Therefore, management and risk assessment of veterinary drugs become essential to ensure food safety. So the National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service (NVRQS) impose on registration for use of veterinary drugs also Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) fixed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs in food. Basically, KFDA set MRLs based on the veterinary drugs residual data. Moreover, KFDA estimates the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) with food consumption data and population mean body weight. Recently, 116 veterinary drug MRLs including banned veterinary drugs have been established and other 32 veterinary drugs MRLs will be established within 2009. In 2010, MRLs among antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents in livestock fishery products (including milk and eggs) and honey (including royal jelly and propolis) which have not been set in Korea Food Code and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) will be regulated as uniform limit (0.03 mg/kg). In future, veterinary drugs will be controlled strictly to strengthen public health by improving analytical method.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-141
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• 2017

The (Korean) Medical Services Act revised in 2009 introduces the accreditation of specialty hospital. When a hospital meets prescribed standards, passes a board review, and is accredited as a specialty hospital by the Minister of Health and Welfare, then it may use 'specialty hospital' in its name and certification mark of specialty hospital. The problem is that the (Korean) Fair Trade Commission and the (Korean) Ministry of Health and Welfare, both of which have authorities to regulate advertising in general and in health care service in turn, announced the guidelines to prohibit internet (portal) service providers to provide keyword search ads service using key-words such as 'specialty' or 'specialized in' for those who are not accredited by the Minister of Health and Welfare. In this article, whether these guidelines can be justified by the current regime and whether the current specialty hospital policy is agreeable would be examined. To do this, the legal nature of accreditation of specialty hospital, the limit of advertisement regulation, the law of keyword search ads, and the liability of internet service providers also would be analyzed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2004

A 47-year-old-man was admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea, right pleuritic pain, and high fevers for 3 days. He had a nonproductive cough that exacerbated the chest pain. A clinical examination revealed distressed and slightly tachypneic patient, with blood pressure of 110/90 mmHg, temperature of $39^{\circ}C$, pulse of 90 beats/min, respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min. A chest examination showed significantly diminished breath sounds in the right lung with dullness to percussion. Laboratory investigation demonstrated leukocytosis and a raised C-reactive protein. The results of arterial blood gas analysis revealed moderate hypoxemia. A radiograph and a CT scan of the chest showed extensive consolidation with multifocal low densities, and pleural effusion in the right lung. A diagnostic thoracentesis revealed straw-colored fluid, which was found to be a neutrophil-predominant exudate. At 7 days after admission, the clinical symptoms had not improved and the temperature was still $39^{\circ}C$ despite the aggressive therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. After comprehensive history taking, we realized then that he accidentally aspirated kerosene while siphoning from fuel tank to put into the boiler 3 days ago. Bronchoscopy with bronchial washings could be successful in establishing the diagnosis of hydrocarbon pneumonitis by demonstration of a high lipid-laden macrophage index. Thereafter, the symptoms and radiographic opacities gradually improved, and he was discharged several days later.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2001

It is well known that numerous factors influence the light output of curing units, but many dentists are un aware that the output of their curing lights are inadequate. This study was conducted to evaluate the light in tensity of visible-light curing units in some private dental clinics and hospital dental clinics. In order to determine the maximum light intensity of the curing units, lamps, filters and fiber optic bundles, they were replaced with new ones and light intensity was remeasured. Light intensity was measured by employing a digital radiometer (EFOS model #8000, USA). Light intensity ranged in $29\sim866mW/cm^2$ (below $150mW/cm^2$ ; 17.8%, $150\sim300mW/cm^2$ : 46.6%, above $300mW/cm^2$ ; 35.6%). The replacement of the components increased the light intensity, with maximum increases of 94.8% for lamps, 82.3% for filters, 200.8% for fiber optics and 361.5% for all three parts. According to the manufacturer of radiometer, curing light is considered as unsuitable for use with a reading of above $300mW/cm^2$ by the radiometer. Applying these criteria to the present study, 64.4% of the curing units required repair or replacement. The results of this study indicated that the light intensities of the curing units used in dental practice were lower than optimum level.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

Thirty ewes received typical trauma to their oviducts and uterine horns from surgical embryo collection procedures. Ten percent Dexamethasone was used as an irrigant on the exposed abdominal tissue prior to closing the incision. The treatment group received 17mg colchicine Om! lewe) and the control group was administered a 1.0ml placebo(PSS). Fifteen ewes that were initially treated with 17mg /im colchicine showed acute colchicine toxicity within 2-5 days after initial treatment and were removed from the study. Due to acute colchicine toxicity at 17mg, the colchicine level was lowered to 8, 4 and 2mg(4 ewes/group). Treatments consisted of daily injections of colchicine. One ewe in the 8mg group developed toxicity on day 5. Therefore, ewes were then administered colchicine every other day from day 6 to day 14 postsurgeryat 4 and 2 mg. the second laparotomy was performed 9 weeks after first treatment. Following second laparotomy, the treatment group(n=5) received 4 mg colchicine every day for 14 days and there was no clinical symptoms of colchicine toxicity. The third laparotomy was performed by the same operators 5 weeks after final treatment and the adhesions scored. Adhesion grading was based on a scale of 0-4, with 4 being the most severe. The results of adhesion grading(> 3) at second laparotomy were not significantly different(P>0.05)between the two groups. Adhesion formation observed at third laparotomy showed a reduced, but not significant reduction (P>0.05) in the colchicine-treated ewes when compared with the controls. Ten ewes(5 control and 5 treatment)were examined cytogenetically by bone marrow analysis five days post-treatment. There was no difference(P>0.05)in the incidence of numerical or structural aberrations between the two groups.