• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.591-629
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to examine how the village community centers are being used and find how to improve leisure activities of elders in rural areas by using them. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, we did convenience sampling from elders using 92 village community centers in one of the counties in Gyeong-gi province, and did field survey to 343 persons. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 18 program, and the results are as follows: The survey on population sociological peculiarity of elders using village community centers shows that most of elders are over 70 years old. As for health conditions, there are more elders who are physically weaker than healthy elders. And the survey shows that most of the elders are suffering from illness such as hypertension, arthritis, neuralgia, and indigestion so such programs related to health are critically required. First, the survey on using village community centers by elders in rural areas shows that they think the village community centers are important for them and use them often. Most of respondents said that they use the village community center so as to meet friends, to enjoy leisure, and to spend time in rural areas where they have difficulty enjoying cultural facilities. Meanwhile, some people dislike to use the village community centers mainly because there is few programs for leisure or each one has a different personality or they don't have enough money to pay for the membership fee. Second, according to the survey on leisure for the elders in village community centers, there are few leisure programs. For men, they spend time by playing Baduk, Janggi, Hwatu and drinking. Meanwhile, women spend time by meeting with friends, listening to radio and TV watching. There are almost nothing to improve leisure activities such as hobby, recreation and health etc. Male elders using centers are suffering from health problems, economic difficulty, and lack of leisure activities, meanwhile, female elders are suffering from loneliness, health problems, and economic difficulty. Third, according to the survey on improving the leisure program of village community center, elders preferred health related programs to improve leisure activities. The most necessary leisure activities in village community center are hobby classrooms, health programs and group travelling. They preferred health related programs for leisure in village community center. Based upon the reality described above, improving the village community centers as leisure facilities is considered to be important for the welfare well of elders in rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.257-283
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• 2003

The main objective of this study is to examine antecedents and outcome of organizational cynicism. This paper focuses on organizational commitment of social worker as outcome variable. Thus, this study attempts to examine structural relation of variables of organizational level(personnel management), job level(job characteristics), and individual level(level of self-control) on the level of organizational commitment, with special concern about the mediating effect of organizational cynicism. The study conducted mail survey and collected information for data analysis from 330 social workers working at 173 social welfare organizations in Seoul and Kyong-gi area, The study used structural equation modeling(SEM) method for analyzing the constructed model. Main results are as follows: (1) evaluation about personnel management is negatively related to organizational cynicism; (2) evaluation about job characteristics is negatively related to organizational cynicism; (3) evaluation about self-control is negatively related to organizational cynicism; (4) organizational cynicism exerts negative effect on the level of organizational commitment; and (5) evaluation about personnel management, evaluation about job characteristics, and evaluation about self-control exerts positive effect on the level of organizational commitment. Among the results of this study, this paper focuses on the function of personnel management system on organizational cynicism. This paper emphasizes that social welfare organizations must make a lot of efforts for making fair personnel system in order to reduce social workers' organizational cynicism and ultimately promote their organizational commitment.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2014

It is necessary to calculate prime cost of medical services accurately in order to evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. This paper aims to identify cost analysts' perception on prime cost of medical services and needs in establishing a cost accounting system in hospitals, proposing future directions and guidelines for the calculation of medical fee. A self-administered questionnaire and telephone survey on operation of a hospital cost-accounting system was conducted in November, 2012, among cost analysts currently working in the hospitals and hospital administrators planning to implement the hospital cost-accounting system. Our study shows that most of the cost analysts were aware of the importance of calculating prime cost and responded that collection of the prime cost data from government is necessary although they are less likely to provide the data in the future concerning the risk of data misuse and data security. They also responded that lack of budget allocation and excessive workload were the main reasons for not estimating the prime cost and operating cost management information system. Results show that hospital cost analysts considered the data accuracy is the most critical factor in calculating prime costs of medical services. However, there was no investment budget allocated in some hospitals or limited to less than 100 million, indicating that hospitals are reluctant to invest on implementing the cost accounting system. Respondents stated the organization that collects the prime cost of medical services among hospitals should display strong analytical capabilities, ensure data security, and maintain independence, which is most demanded. There are 57 hospitals that calculated the prime cost of medical services for 2012 by each medical department and 20 hospitals that calculated the prime cost by fee-for-services, aiming to establish a cost accounting system. Our results indicate that hospitals should voluntarily provide the accurate prime cost for medical services in order to properly evaluate the adequacy of medical fee. Consequently, it is critical to establish an independent organization to collect and appraise the data. It is also recommended that government should implement various policies to encourage hospitals to participate in the data collection to achieve the data accuracy and representativeness.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-207
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• 2018

Japan is a super-aged society where the proportion of the people aged over 65 is exceeded 20%. Therefore, there are many accidents that occur in long-term care facilities in Japan, and there are many civil litigations. The Japanese court has acknowledged in many cases that the long-term facility is responsible for the damage to the elderly who is injured in the facility. The cases can be divided into ① tumbling down, ② wandering, ③ suffocation, ④ bedsore, and ⑤ accidents among the facility-users. In most cases, the court found that the facility violated its obligation to protect their users. This is not only the case where the manager or the employee of the facility violates the obligation to watch and care for the elderly, but in some cases, the failure to maintain the human and material system itself is recognized. The basis for such judgment is whether the facility can predict the possibility of an accident and whether the facility has taken measures to prevent accidents. Also, the Japanese court recognizes the transfer of burden of proof in order to expedite the victims' rights. However, the liability of the facility for damages should not be so heavy that it would be hesitant to allow a person to enter the facility and make a contract.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.121-141
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence age-friendly environment factors on different age groups' life satisfaction. Data were taken from "2014 Survey on the Aged Society", with total of 1,000 participants divided into three groups: 300 youth participants from age 20 to 44, 300 middle aged participants from age 45 to 64, and older adults participants from age 65 and more. Performing ANOVA and multiple regression analysis showed that age-friendly environment factors had positive correlations with life satisfaction, regardless of the participants'age. However, the sub-dimensions of age-friendly environment that affected each age group was different. Among three sub-dimensions of age-friendly environment, which were housing factor, social participation factor, and community and health service factor, only housing factor affected life satisfaction of the youth group, while both community and health service factor, and housing factor affected life satisfaction of the middle-aged and the elderly groups. The result clearly presents that age-friendly environment factors are not only beneficial for older people but for people at all ages. Therefore, various measures need to be taken in order to increase the age-friendliness of communities, and improve the quality of life.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2021

The number of visually impaired and blind people is increasing, but braille translation textbooks for them are insufficient, which violates their rights to education despite their will. In order to guarantee their rights, this paper develops a learning system, HunMinJeomUm, that helps them access textbooks, documents, and photographs that are not available in braille, without the assistance of others. In our system, a smart phone app and web pages are designed to promote the accessibility of the blind, and a braille kit is produced using Arduino and braille modules. The system supports the following functions. First, users select documents or pictures that they want, and the system extracts the text using OCR. Second, the extracted text is converted into voice and braille. Third, a membership registration function is provided so that the user can view the extracted text. Experiments have confirmed that our system generates braille and audio outputs successfully, and provides high OCR recognition rates. The study has also found that even completely blind users can easily access the smart phone app.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.187-219
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among potential job-related risks, emotional dissonance, and job turnover intention of caregivers at the long-term care facilities in South Korea, and to explore the potential mediator role of burnout in this association. For the study, survey data of 434 caregivers at long-term care facilities were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling method. The results showed that high level of caregivers'perception of the potential job-related risks led to increased burnout and turnover intention of caregivers. Second, caregivers'burnout partially mediated the effect of the potential job-related risks on turnover intention. Third, the more caregivers experience emotional dissonance, the higher the possibility of caregivers'burnout. On the other hand, emotional dissonance of caregivers did not give significant direct impact on turnover intention. Burnout fully mediated the relationship between emotional dissonance and turnover intention of caregivers. Lastly, the more caregivers experience burnout, the higher possibility of turnover intention. Based on the results, researchers suggested possible intervention methods as well as preventive measures to reduce the turnover of caregivers at long-term care facilities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.325-355
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• 2007

A national funeral was a ceremony for king symbolizing a country in Joseon. The Gukjangdogam had three practical affairs: ibang and ibang, sambag. Each practial affairs was ready for various implement and finished a national funeral very well. So various important. The Daeyeo and the Gyeonyeo which carried directly the dead from a palace to a burial in the national funeral was a chief implements to handle with careful. All people had to carry heartily him as a Daehaewang which means a previous king. But three practical affairs belonging to the Gukjangdogam made various implements directly or indirectly related in a Daehaengwang and symbolized has authority. They were related in succeeding to the throne. The departure of a funeral in Joseon was a space and a time to appear his authority. The Gukjangdogam progressed it like going in and out the palace in the life. We knew it was ready for the departure of a funeral equalizing to the life and the death. The Gukjangdogam made the best of various implements using in going in and out the palace in the departure. We saw the Confucian view about living and dying through the implements used in the departure. The Gukjangdogam assembled many technicians around the country. They had to make various implements as high-level technicians at certain hour under the supervision of officials. The Gukjangdogam payed and compensated for their labors. There is an indissoluble connection between them. The technicians belonging to three practical affairs were ready for the implements for a national funeral: newly-made and repair, existed-implements use etc. So a national funeral can be called 'the feast of techniques' as well as complexity of techniques' in the Joseon.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.549-565
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• 2017

A high-quality workforce is essential to delivering the high-quality care for the older people who are beneficiaries of long term care insurance. Providing adequate education and ongoing training opportunities could be one answer that may lead to the ultimate goal of improving the quality of long-term care services. Thus this study aimed to examine a workforce crisis and difficulties that care workers face in current education system, especially in contents and administration aspects and draw out suitable solutions or improvement measures. The focus group interview approach was chosen to reflect opinions of long-term care workers, directors of the education system in long-term care facilities and managers. The findings from the focus group interviews were analyzed by theme and classified into several categories by common subjects:'Training contents', 'Training environment', 'Administrator', 'Compulsory training', 'Care givers supply', 'Working condition'. Also, four content areas were presented as follows:'Job training', 'Dementia care training', 'Administration system', 'Workforce'. The caregivers demand very practical training programmes and trainers with a lot of field experience. Improving the working condition and treatments for them leeds to expand the opportunity of the on-going training.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_3
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2020

Air pollution is one of the most severe threats to society globally due to the rapid expansion of urbanization and industrialization. Particularly, particulate matter (PM) pollution was recently designated as a social disaster by the Korean government because of increases in public concerns and the accumulation of scientific evidence that links high levels of PM2.5 (PM smaller than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter) to a long list of adverse health effects. Atmospheric PM concentrations can also affect the indoor PM levels to which people are exposed most of the time. Thus, understanding the characteristics of indoor and ambient PM pollution based on measurements, model simulations, risk assessments, and management technologies is inevitable in establishing effective policies to mitigate social, economic, and health costs incurred by PM pollution. In this special issue, we introduce several interesting studies concerning indoor and outdoor PM from the perspective of monitoring, assessment, and management being conducted by i-SEED (School of Integrated Science for Sustainable Earth & Environmental Disaster at Pukyong National University) and SPMC (School Particulate Matter Center for Energy and Environmental Harmonization). We expect that this special issue can improve our understanding of the current and future of indoor and outdoor PM pollution, integrating the results from interdisciplinary research groups from various academic fields.