• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.807-819
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a 12-week low-intensity exercise program on muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cognitive characteristics related to the performance of activity of daily living(ADL). A total of 16 patients who were admitted to the medical unit of a general hospital in ChoongChung province were recruited, eight for the exercise group and eight for the comparison group. Four levels of low-intensity exercise from 'ROM on bed' to 'exercise while walking' were then applied to the exercise group according to their physical condition. During hospitalization, patients in the exercise group performed each level of the prescribed exercise with the researchers until they felt comfortable doing it independently. The researchers also visited the patients' homes after discharge to make sure they could perform the exercise with Theraband in their living environment. The exercise group was contacted by phone once a week to assess the frequency and intensity in which they performed the exercise as well as their physical condition. The subjects in the comparison group participated in measurements for the study without performing the exercise and were contacted by phone after discharge, in a matched time frame with the exercise group, to assess physical condition. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance, cognitive characteristics, and performance of ADL for the two groups were compared at the pretest and the posttest after the low-intensity exercise program by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows : 1) At the postest, measurements of muscle strengths showed that the strength of the dorsal flexor in the exercise group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. 2) Objective balance for the exercise group was significantly better than for the comparison group as measured by 'standing on one foot' and Tinetti gait and balance control. 3) The exercise group showed significantly higher task self-efficacy than the comparison group. 4) Perceived exertion for ADL for the exercise group was significantly lower than for the comparison group. 5) Improvement of performance of ADL without assistance was significantly higher for the exercise group than the comparison group. The findings suggest that a low-intensity exercise program would be useful for the elderly who show decline in their physical functioning due to hospitalization by partly improving physical strength, task self-efficacy, and performance of ADL. Directions for further research on issues of motivating people to exercise as well as of standardizing various types of exercise were discussed.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1993

Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.355-371
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore and compare health-promoting behaviors and its relationships with associated variables between Korean elderly and Korean-American elderly. Study instruments were questionnaire that consisted of socioeconomic characteristics, health-promoting lifestyle patterns. self-esteem and self-efficacy. Data were collected from convenient sample of 150 Korean elderly and 110 Korean-American elderly recruited from senior centers. Collected data were analyzed by t-test. ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results are followings : 1. In religion, $32.7\%$ of Korean elderly were protestant. while $32.7\%$ of Korean-American. elderly were protestant. $61.3\%$ of Korean elderly were living with their children, and only $17.3\%$ of Korean-American elderly were living with their children. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean HPLP score in two groups. but Korean elderly showed higher practices in health responsibility. exercise. and stress management than that of Korean-American elderly. The subjects showed the highest practices in nutrition(3.14. 3.01), and the lowest practices in exercise (2.14, 1.92). 3. The mean HPLP score of Korean elderly was 2.63, showing significant relationships with age. education and economic status. the score of Korean-American elderly was 2.54, showing significant relationships with education. 4. Self-esteem score of Korean elderly was 2.72 and Korean-American elderly was 2.73. there was no significant difference in two groups. The score of self-esteem of Korean-American elderly was showing significant relationships with presence of spouse. 5. Self-efficacy score of Korean elderly was 3.27 and Korean-American elderly was 3.21. there was no significant difference in two groups. The score of self-efficacy of both groups were showed significant relationships with education. 6. The HPLP of Korean and Korean-American elderly showed(r=.24. r= .49) positive correlations with self-esteem had positive correlations with self-efficacy(r=.42. r=.28). To draw concrete resolution for health promotion of Korean and Korean-American elderly. this study suggests followings for future research : 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise and stress management of the elderly must be provided. Especially developing and adopting feasible exercise programs for Korean-American elderly is highly needed. 2. Identifying the influences of culture on their practices of health-promoting lifestyle patterns among Korean. Korean-American and other racial elderly groups.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1999

장 노년층 인구증가에 따른 건강문제의 다양화, 주민의 건강 요구증가에 부응하기 위해서는 기존의 의료기관 중심의 진료서비스 만으로는 새로운 건강문제를 충분히 해결할 수 없으므로 새로운 보건의료 제공 체계가 도입 되기에 이르렀다. 이미 선진국에서는 오랜 역사를 갖고 있는 가정간호사제도가 우리 나라에서도 입법화되어 1994년부터 병원중심의 가정간호사업이 시범적으로 운영되고 있다. 본 연구는 농촌지역의 중소병원에서 실시하고있는 가정간호사업소에 등록되어 있는 환자의 방문비용을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 실시되었으며, 1996년 5월 - 1997년 4월(1년간)까지 등록된 102명의 진료기록부를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 방법은 수준을 파악하기 위하여 평균과 분포로 분석하였으며 변수간의 차이점 등은 t - test와 ANOVA로 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 등록환자의 일반적 특성은 남자가 44.1%, 여자가 55.9%로서 여자가 높았으며 연령은 60세 이상이 73.5%로서 노인 환자가 많았다. 둘째, 골다공증이 등록환자의 35.3%로서 제일 높았으며 각종 암이 21.6%, 뇌졸중이 14.7%로 나타나 연령과 관계가 깊은 것으로 나타났다. 질환특성은 복합질환, 즉 한가지 이상의 증상, 혹은 질환을 함께 갖고있는 경우가 73.5%로서 단순질환 26.5% 보다 높았다. 셋째, 남자 환자의 방문당 평균비용이 47,764원으로서 여자 환자의 46,078원 보다 높았다. 연령별로는 연령이 높아질수록 방문당 평균비용이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 성별과 연령별 비용은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 질환 특성별 비용은 단순질환이 복합 질환보다 방문당비용이 약간 높았으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 질환별로는 COPD, 각종 암, 당뇨, 골다공증의 순으로 방문비용이 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 가정간호의 방문비용이 질환으로 병원에서 치료받을 경우 보다 적게 나타나 비용효율이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 제한된 자료를 분석한 것이므로 결과를 일반화시키는데 신중을 기할 필요가 있다. 그러나 가정간호사제도가 향후 정착되기 위해서는 가정간호 대상질환의 선정, 서비스내용 및 질, 비용효율 및 효과에 대한 평가가 계속 실시될 것을 제안한다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2000

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for substantial nursing intervention in the elderly through a comparative appreciation on family support, self-esteem, and health status between the institutionalized elderly people and the home-staying ones. The subjects of this study are the institutionalized 108 elderly people of E and C Public Homes and the home-staying 109 elderly ones of O-Nho In Jeong(a kind of public recreational facilities for the aged) over the age of 65. The instruments for this research are based upon the tool(11 items, 5 points for each) for measuring family support developed by Choi, Young Hee(1984), a self-esteem scale done by Rosenberg (1965), the tools(20 items) for checking the health status of the elderly done by Lee, Young-Ja(1989). The sampling for this study has been carried on from July, 2000 until November, 2000. Questionnaire data were drawn up by personal interviews. The analyses of collected data are based on general characteristics calculated at the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA(some difference on a level with p<.05 being subsequently confirmed by DMR) for family support, self-esteem and health status, and Pearson Correlation to verify the hypothetical correlation among the subjects' family support, self-esteem and health status. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The difference between two groups in the light of family support, self-esteem and health status. (1) Family support - The rate of the family support that the institutionalized elderly people perceive turned out to be 22.13, that of the home-staying ones 30.99. (2) Self-esteem - The rate of the self-esteem that the former perceives proved to be 25.59, that of the latter 32.28. (3) Health Status - The rate of the health status that the former perceives turned out to be 39.67, that of the latter 51.60. 2. Family support, self-esteem, health status in terms of demographic characteristic (1) Family support - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by the death or life of the spouse and the number of the children; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the educational level (2) Self-esteem - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the amount of pocket money, the pocket money provider and the family main supporter. (3) Health Status - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by age, the death or life of spouse, religion, and the educational level. 3. Correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status The rate of correlation between family support and health status proved to be the highest (r=.549). After came the rate of correlation between health status and self-esteem, which turned out to be(r=.506). The last came the rate of correlation between family support and self-esteem, which proved to be(r=.406). According to this study, there is a conspicuously close correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status for the elderly. Thus, it would be indispensable to seek out a variety of nursing intervention ways how the elderly could promote family support, self-esteem, and health status.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.144-156
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the self-esteem, social support and health promoting lifestyle of the elderly in a community. The sample consisted of 147 elderly, and data were collected from September 1 to October 15, 2001. The instrument of this study was a structured questionnaire including Health Promoting Lifestyle (47 items), Social Support(18 items), Self-Esteem(10 items), Socio-demographic Characteristics. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The degrees of self-esteem of the elderly were mean score $25{\pm}2.98$ points, socio-demographic characteristics containing meaningful difference with self-esteem was not significant. 2. The degrees of social support by elderly were mean score $55.03{\pm}9.60$ points and social support according to the socio-demographic characteristics showed meaning difference in family structure $\ulcorner$with off spring$\lrcorner$ (F=8.50, p=.000), health status $\ulcorner$good$\lrcorner$ (t=2.19, p=.030), smoking $\ulcorner$below 1 packet daily$\lrcorner$ (F=4.88 p=.009). 3. The degrees of health enhancing lifestyle by elderly were mean score $113.61{\pm}20.12$ points and health enhancing lifestyle according to the socio-demographic characteristics showed meaning difference in education level $\ulcorner$middle school and above$\lrcorner$ (F=6.37 p=.002), occupation before retirement $\ulcorner$profession, technician, employee of company, education$\lrcorner$ (F=5.00, p=.003), health status $\ulcorner$good$\lrcorner$ (t=3.14, p=0.002), exercise $\ulcorner$weekly 2-3$\lrcorner$ (F=4.31, p=.006), drinking $\ulcorner$weekly 1$\lrcorner$ (F=2.74, p= .046). 4. The item mean score of personal relationship support field in health enhancing lifestyle were $2.90{\pm}.60$ points. item mean scores of exercise and nutrition were $2.26{\pm}.39$ points, item mean scores of stress managing field were $2.25{\pm}.49$ points, item mean scores of health responsible field were $2.14{\pm}.61$ points. 5. The relationship between self-esteem and health enhancing lifestyle revealed a significant correlation(r=.169. p=.041), but self-esteem and social support, showed no significant correlation, and health enhancing lifestyle and social support, revealed a significant correlation(r=.654, p=.001).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

본 연구는 Xanthopoulou 등(2007)의 확장된 직무요구-자원모형을 기반으로 요양병원 간호사의 소진에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 요양병원 간호사 167명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 2018년 8월 25일부터 2018년 9월 6일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 연구도구는 Maslach Burnout Inventory, Copenhagen Psyco-social Questionnaire version II, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 및 Thomas & Ganster (1995)가 개발한 도구를 사용하였다. SPSS WIN 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관계수, 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 요양병원 간호사의 소진은 직무 요구(r=.24, p=.002)와는 정적 상관관계를 보이고, 회복탄력성(r=-.43, p<.001)과 사회적지지(r=-.41, p<.001)와는 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 요양병원 간호사의 소진에 회복탄력성(${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), 사회적 지지(${\beta}=-.20$, p=.016), 직무요구(${\beta}=.17$, p=.016) 순으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 이들 변수의 설명력은 32.0%로 나타났다. 따라서 요양병원 간호사의 소진 예방 및 감소를 위해 직무요구를 줄이고 회복탄력성과 사회적 지지를 향상시킬 수 있는 중재의 수행을 적극적으로 권장한다

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 종합병원 간호사의 감정노동, 윤리적 풍토, 직무만족 및 재직의도를 파악하고 변수들 간의 관계와 재직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 대상자는 4개 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사 198명으로, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2019년 9월 18일부터 9월 30일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 25.0을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 종합병원 간호사의 재직의도는 윤리적 풍토(r=.345, p<.001)와 직무만족(r=.388, p<.001)은 정적 상관관계가 있었고, 감정노동(r=-.153, p=.031)은 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종합병원 간호사의 재직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 직무만족(β=.27, p=.001), 연령(β=.27, p<001), 윤리적 풍토(β=.16, p=044)이며, 변수의 설명력은 24.2%이었다. 종합병원 간호사의 재직의도를 높이기 위해서는 직무만족을 높이고 건전한 윤리적 풍토를 만들어야 하며, 연령별로 재직의도를 높일 수 있는 중재 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 여성독거노인의 우울과 삶의 질과의 관계에서 사회적 지지와 사회적 활동의 역할 즉 조절 효과와 매개효과를 검정하여 그들의 우울을 줄이고 삶의 질을 높이기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 서술적 조사연구로써 K시의 여성독거노인 129명을 대상으로 2010년 6월부터 7월 까지 설문지를 이용하여 자료수집하고, SPSS Win 18.0 program으로 통계처리 하였다. 연구결과 여성독거노인의 평균 연령은 77.5세, 평균 독거기간은 14년이었다. 여성독거노인의 우울은 2.65점(±.42)으로 보통이상의 우울을 경험하고, 삶의 질은 2.80점(±.57), 사회적 지지는 3.34점(±.57)으로 보통정도의 삶을 영위하며 중간정도의 사회적 지지를 받는다고 생각하였다. 사회적 활동 중 여가활동은 3.75점(±1.08), 봉사활동은 3.80점(±.00)으로, 여가활동 시 보통이상의 만족도를 가지며, 경제활동은 2.84점(±1.00)으로 경제활동 시 보통정도의 만족도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 여성독거 노인의 우울과 삶의 질은 역 상관관계(r=-.745, p=.004)이며, 사회적 지지(r=.544, p=.000), 여가활동(r=.480, p=.024)과 경제활동(r=.711, p=.001)은 순 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 사회적 지지와 사회적 활동의 조절효과는 없었고 사회적 활동의 매개효과도 없었다. 그러나 사회적 지지의 매개효과는 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 사회적 지지와 사회적 활동의 조절효과가 없어서 사회적 지지와 사회적 활동이 여성독거노인의 우울과 상호작용하여 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다고 할 수 없다. 사회적 지지의 매개효과는 존재하는 것으로 나타나, 여성독거노인의 우울은 사회적 지지를 통하여 그 정도가 완화되며 사회적 지지가 높을수록 삶의 질이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 사회적 지지 프로그램을 개발하여 여성독거노인의 우울과 삶의 질에 영향을 미치도록 유도하며, 사회적 활동에 대한 조절효과와 매개효과에 대한 반복연구가 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.776-790
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• 2000

Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvemen of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups：33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.