• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to give ROI information about management status and investment returns to someone who will newly cultivate Rhus verniciflura and expand area of Rhus verniciflura cultivation. In this study, IRR (Internal Rate of Returns), B/C Ratio and NPV are applied for ROI analysis. We basically surveyed thirty household among Rhus verniciflura cultivation farmhouses in chief producing districts Won-ju in Gang- Won, Ok-Cheon in Chung-Buk, Ham-Yang in Gyeong-Nam in Korea from May until October in 2011. Hence, the research surveyed these farmers about production cost, management cost, input labors and materials, land price and etc. by working process to calculate production and operation cost. As the result of farm survey, the result of the analysis shows income rate 27.76%, B/C Ratio 2.5, and NPV 121,830,831 won in $16,500m^2$ with 10 years period when local price of Rhus verniciflura is 2,200,000 won/3.75 kg at locals with 3% discount rate is applied. Therefore, starting open field cultivation of Rhus verniciflura, which requires intensive labor or expanding the cultivation area needs more labor force.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.313-340
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• 2004

Namhansan fortress of Kwangju in Kyonggi Province has remained a traumatic historical landscape of Manchu invasion in the year 1636. Skirted by the mountain fortress and on the ground of the uplifted flatland was the county seat which was relocated in 16Z7 from Kogol at the underneath ravine and later removed in 1917 to a crossroad place at the low-lying river plain. Once a secluded mountain village, Sungnaedong was at the outset planned as a county town of Kwangju, achieving thereafter a dramatic transformation from a small town of three hundred households into a nascent urban settlement of approximately six hundred households by the mid-18th century. The townscape of Sungnaedong features shrines, a second palace, a magistrate-commander's office, administrative buildings, and a periodic marketplace which were all decreed by the Neo-confucian template of the scheme of county seats. Townspeople managed to live on tilling tax-alleviated crop lands, trading merchandise, and selling their labor. Changing socio-economic situations led to the relocation of the administration center to the gateway village of Jumakri, which consequently heralded the decline of the mountain-fortress settlement of Sansungri at Namhansan.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.251-278
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• 2015

Registered security guards carry out police duties as civilian police who are in charge of security service, and so they have a two-fold status: a civilian in terms of a social standing and a policeman in the way that they execute the authority of security. The problem caused by this legal position is that their legal rights and obligation can be unclear in the task-action and working relationship. This paper attempts to study their functions, rights, and legal duties through the interpretation of the related positive law so as to reveal the problems that may spring from this ambiguous status of registered security guards. This endeavor illuminates their legal status specified in the positive law in and around the Act on the police assigned for special guard, observing their functions and the legal duties in the pursuit of their tasks, and ending up pointing out the problems of the positive law. As a result of research work, the most significant problems, even if multifarious, are the avoidance of the state reparation in the responsibility for the illegal behavior in connection with their operation; the unconstitutionality of the disciplinary punishment regulation originated from the entrust with full powers; the imperfection of the rules about the cooperative ties with the police; the possibility of human rights abuse caused by the ban on the labor dispute; the equality problems from the dual pay system; and the inadequacy of the codes about the recruitment qualification and method. This research is intended to help achieve the purpose of the security of national critical facilities through the smooth execute of duties as well as the protection of the guards' rights. Besides, the key focuses posed in this paper are worthy of being developed more accurately through the following researches.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2017

Root-dipping inoculation method has been widely used to determine the resistance of watermelon to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum causing Fusarium wilt. Although this method leads to the precise results of plant disease responses, more rapid and efficient assay methods have been still required because the root-dipping inoculation method is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we established a simple and effective bioassay method based on the comparison of various inoculation methods and growth conditions. To develop the system, the occurrence of Fusarium wilt on four resistant and susceptible cultivars was investigated by four different inoculation methods, root-dipping, scalpel, tip and soil-drenching methods. Of these inoculation methods, scalpel method resulted in clear plant disease resistance responses with the simplicity. With the use of scalpel method, we also explored the disease development of the cultivars depending on inoculum concentration, growth stage of seedlings, and incubation temperature after inoculation. Furthermore, we found that the resistance degrees of 23 cultivars derived by scalpel inoculation method were similar to the results by root-dipping method established previously.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2009

ABA type triblock copolymer of poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate )-b-polystyrene-b-poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate), i.e. PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA, was synthesized throughatom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This block copolymer was thermally crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification between the -OH groups of PHEA in block copolymer and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with ${H_3}{PO_4}$ to form imidazole-${H_3}{PO_4}$ complexes, the proton conductivity of membranes continuously increased with increasing ${H_3}{PO_4}$ content. The PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA/IDA/${H_3}{PO_4}$ polymer membrane with [HEA]:[IDA]:[${H_3}{PO_4}$]=3:4:4 exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.01 S/cm at $100^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA/IDA/${H_3}{PO_4}$ complex membranes were thermally stable up to $350^{\circ}C$, indicating their applicability in fuel cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.180-194
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• 1996

The Working Unit of Forestry Management Cooperatives has been organized by the training and extention service center since 1984 so as to take charge of forestry work of Forestry Management Cooperatives, and this study has been carried out in order to find the problem of Working Unit of Forestry Management Cooperatives, and to show how to solve it in the future. We analyzed a material gained by the immediate questionnaires to 33 members of 4 Working Unit of Forestry Management Cooperatives in Ulsan-Kun, and 10 members of Working Unit of Forestry Management Cooperatives in Jinan-Kun between July and August in 1993. Later, we found that there was an almost inactive Working Unit caused by the insufficient work amount, which resulted in inefficient skill and forestry work due to leave of the skilled forestry worker. Though the government concentrates on bringing up the Working Unit centered by the specialized laborer, it is concluded that bringing up the Working Unit should consider local labor market, organization of agriculture and forestry, organization of labor, level of wage, and the amount of forestry work.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.513-538
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• 2013

As a childcare program of TaeHwa Christian Women's Institution in 1921, the childcare system in Korea was incepted. Since then, the political foothold of childcare system has steadily been advancing to provide high quality services to young children. In almost a hundred-year-history of public childcare in Korea, depending on the changes enforced on the related laws and regulations and varying perspectives over time, the administration office accountable for childcare policies has been authorized to the Ministries of Health, Social Affairs, Education, Labor, Home Affairs, Rural Development Administration, and/or others. But as of 1991, under the enactment of Infant and Child Care Act, it was changed to be administered by the unified authority of the Health and Social Welfare Ministry. Then, in 2004 and 2007, its statutory authority, respectively, transferred to the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family and back to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Staring of the Infant and Child Care Act in 1991, Korean childcare policies have been managed by the dual systems of the Education Ministry and the Health and Social Welfare Ministry each holding jurisdiction over kindergartens and childcare centers, respectively. Faced with the recent marked decline of birth rate, diverse childcare policies are currently implemented in the pursuit of finding means to enhance the quality of childcare and to develop policies for the restoration of the low birth rate. This study presented distinct features of current childcare policies and discussed about future directions and challenges of these policies.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1993

Experiments were carried out to investigate the utilization of paraquat and diquat as desiccants for harvest-aid of sesame. When paraquat and diquat were sprayed at 3days or 3hours before cutting of sesame plants, moisture content in treated plots was evenly rapidly decreased and sesame yeild was not significantly different as compared with that in untreated plot. Percentage of germination of sesame seed in treated plots was similar to that in untreated check. Residual amount in sesame seed was not detectable when these chemicals were treated with 250ppm at 3days before cutting of sesame plant. Percentage of thrashing was high in sesame plants treated with paraquat and diauat with the lapse of time after cutting. Required labor in thrashing of sesame was reduced when applied with these chemicals. Harvest efficiency of sesame after spray of paraquat and diquat was good by comparison with the traditional practice.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore qualitatively what kind of coping strategy the Korean older adults use when they are depressed and why. Participants were users, older than 60, of an elderly welfare center in Seoul, and answers of 34 respondents who experienced depression were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that strategies to cope with depression used by participants were composed of 6 domains and 11 sub-domains: health behavior (medical approach / exercise and diet), family and social contact (social interaction / going out and going on a trip / communication with family), Religious activities (Religious activities), lifelong education (hobbies / educational activities), productive activities (labor), health risk behaviors (drinking and gambling / resignation). The depression coping strategies of the older adults and their characteristics are as follows. First, older adults used diverse problem-focused coping strategies to cope with depression. Second, older adults considered various coping strategies together and used them simultaneously. Third, the facility space for older adults functions as a shelter. Fourth, although there were cases where medical approach was used, the intention to reuse was very low. Through this study, the following suggestions were made to help older adults cope with depression more successfully. First, access to various coping strategies should be promoted. Second, more places where older adults can spend their time comfortably need to be provided. Third, resistance to mental health care should be resolved.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

In the construction site, to improve the man-dependent form work, non-stripping form has been studied but the developed non-stripping form was hard to applied with respect to the cost, form size and performance. This study is for evaluating the adaptability of the developed non-stripping form named as high performance permanent form (HPPF). To do this, the analytical approach and parametric study were performed based on the research for fundamental material characteristic of the HPPF. The target concrete structure is a wall structure because of its effectiveness of HPPF. To evaluate the structural efficiency of the HPPF applied wall structure, FEM analysis was performed to decide the maximum placing height at one time then it was applied to design the wall structure. In the result of the analysis, the HPPF applied wall structure showed the lots of advantages that it can reduce the cost resulted from reducing concrete and steel rebar even if it has same structural performance to the conventional concrete wall structure with same dimension. With this analysis result, it can be evaluated that the HPPF applied concrete structure can be a concrete structure with the long term durability in site.