• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.111-125
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to analyze the work and leisure of rural couples in Chonnam district, to examine couple's perception about farm life, to analyze the factors influencing the time use of husbands and wives. 300 farmhouses were selected by stratified sampling from 20 Myon in Chonnam district, 244 husbands and 283 wives were interviewed using questionnaire and time diary. The major results are as follow : 1) The rural couples have not pride on agriculture, the level of satisfaction and policy reliability was low, and impoverished conditions was high. 2) work time of wives was two hours longer did, and leisure time of wives was 73 minutes shorter than their husbands. 3) The time use of husbands and wives were significantly influenced by agricultural type, farmwork, house work time, age etc.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.159-187
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• 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to attempt an alternative measurement and analysis of poverty considering income as well as time in order to present an effective antipoverty policy. Based on Korea Welfare Panel Study (2005), the income poverty, time poverty, and double poverty of household in which householders were under 60 years were measured. Moreover this paper found that households experiencing the time poverty might be faced with additional income poverty because of the necessity to purchase care services in the market to compensate for the time. As a result of the analysis, income poverty rate is 9.5%, time poverty rate is 15.7%, and time-adjusted income poverty rate is 10.8%. And low-educated single parents with young children are more likely to experienced income as well as time poverty. Therefore, this paper proved that the 'welfare to work' policy without considering situations in household could be faced with the limit. Furthermore, this paper suggests that social welfare policy should aim at minimizing the tradeoffs among different works and activities, and then support to improve the quality of life.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.332-346
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• 1993

This study was attempted to observe leisure time physical activity pattern and its relationship to coronary risk factors (BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar). Subjects participated in this study were 277 adult male workers of an industry in Kyungpook province, Korea. Energy expenditure were measured using modified Physical Activity History questionnaire of CARDIA study by interviewing. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar level were tested with 5 ml fasting blood and height, weight and blood pressure were masured. Data on smoking and drinking habits and others were obtained. Geometric mean of leisure time physical energy expenditure were estimated as 212.80 kcal per week for study subjects and only 22.4% of them expended 2,000 kcal or more per week in leisure time physical activity. Taking walks or hikes and jogging or running were more frequent leisure time physical activities in study subjects. Statistically significant mean differences in total weekly leisure time physical activity for all coronary risk factors were not found among three groups. Because energy expenditure of leisure time was generally low in this subjects and most of them were healthy men, we did not found that leisure time physical activity was significantly associated with coronary risk factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.48-53
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• 2002

가. 작업단계 별 작업수단 및 노동투하시간 -고추재배는 포장준비 등 일부작업을 제외하고는 인력작업에 의존하고 있으며, 육묘에서 수확 및 수확후 포장처리가지의 총 노동투하시간은 266.7시간/10a로 수확작업이 44.5%로 많았으며, 다음으로 육묘, 지주세우기 및 제거, 정식, 방제 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 노력 및 생산비절감을 위해서는 고추재배 기계화가 시급한 것으로 판단된다. 나 일관기계화방안 -고추재배시 기계화를 저해하는 요인으로는 경지규모의 협소함, 재배지의 필지의 분산, 협소한 조간간격, 비닐멀칭 및 지주유인재배, 수확기간의 길이가 길고 횟수가 많음 등으로 나타났으며, 기계화가 곤란한 것으로 나타났으며, 고추재배일관기계화를 위하여는 공동 또는 공정육묘, 트랙터 등 대형기계중심의 포장준비, 정식은 자동정식기보급, 관수·시비자동화와 붐방제기 또는 방제장치시설화, 기계수확이 되어야할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.227-256
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• 2016

This study examines whether formal home care has led to a reduction in family member's allocation of time to care of elderly and changing the allocation of other time: informal care, market work, leisure, etc. Long-term care for the elderly is not the entire burden of elderly families anymore due to the increasing of the formal home care service for elderly since mid-2000's. This study uses triple difference(DDD) methods for evaluating policy reforms when reforms are equally and nation-wide accessible and analyzes data from the 2004 and 2009 Time Use Survey Data of the National Statistical Office in Korea. The treatment group is composed of the families of the elderly who need care and low- and middle- income family. Controlling for demographic characters, the three-way interaction term has statically significant and negative impact on care time of family members in treatment group statistically significant. The results reveal that the policy changes in elderly home care service affect time allocation of family members with old adults, which decreases caregiving time in a daily life. This result becomes apparent when we limit the case of women. But the level of reduction is not enough to change other kinds of time-informal care, market work, leisure, etc. The results indicate that formal home care for the elderly can reduce the burden of caregiving in families, but only minimally.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 1997

식물 뿌리에 대한 지식은 식물-토양 사이의 관계 이해, 토양의 호율적 관리, 식물에 의한 영양분과 수분의 흡수 과정 이해, 그리고 토양 등급 지수를 만드는데 있어서 아주 중요하다 식물 뿌리에 관한 정보를 정량화하기 위하여는 뿌리를 흙으로부터 씻어내고 뿌리의 길이, 표면적, 중량과 같은 식물 뿌리의 특성을 측정하여야 한다 하지만 이렇게 뿌리를 씻어 낸 다음 뿌리의 특성을 측정하는 기존의 방법을 이용할 경우 막대한 시간과 노동력이 필요하여 뿌리에 관한 많은 양의 정보를 얻는데 큰 어려움이 있다. 이 연구에서는 식물 뿌리를 관측하는데 필요한 시간과 노동력을 줄일 수 있는 식물 뿌리 측정법을 세선 작업과 자외선 명암 증진법을 이용한 영상 정보 처리 장치를 바탕으로 하여 개발하였다. 개발된 화상 정보 처리 장치를 이용하여 옥수수 뿌리의 길이를 재었을 때 기존의 뿌리 길이 측정 방법보다 2.5 배 발리 측정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.33-37
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• 1993

근래 우리나라에서도 평균수명이 길어져 노동의욕이 있는 중고령자가 증가하는 한편, 출산율이저 하되어 젊은 근로자의 수가 감소되고 있다. 통계청의 인구통계과의 추계에 의하면 2000년에는 60세 이 상이 총인구에 점하는 비율이 10.7%, 65세 이상은 6.8%가 되고, 2020년에는 60세 이상이 19.5%, 65세 이 상도 12.5%에 도달한다는 것이다. 인구노령화로 인한 고령화 사회에 대한 준비를 서둘러야 할 때라고 생각된다. 또 고령화 사회로 되면 젊은 연령층의 경제적 부담이 증가되므로 중고령자의 노동인구를 이대 로 방치해 두는 것은 국가적으로나 사회복지적으로나 불경제라고 할 수 있다. 그런데, 문제가 되는 것은, 중고령자를 취업시키는 것이 오히려 사회의 생산성을 저하시키거나 경제적으로 불리하게 되어서는 안되는 것과 중고령노동자 자신의 안전을 확보해야 하는 것이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 고용에 있어 서 어떠한 점에서 중고령노동자에게 특징과 문제가 있는가를 분명히 할 필요가 있다. 고령자는 청년자 보다 노동능력이 떨어지는 특징과 문제가 있는가를 분명히 할 필요가 있다. 고령자는 청년자 보다 노동능력이 떨어지는 경향이 있지만 개인차도 크고 고령자 중에는 청년자의 기능에 비교해도 뒤떨어지지 않는 자도 있다. 연령만으로 노동능력을 판정하는 것은 적절한 방법이라고 할 수 없다. 문헌에 의하면 역연령(chornological age)이 25세의 경우, 생리적 연령은 23세에서 27세로 4년 차이가 있다고 한다. 이러한 생리적 연령의 차이는 역연령이 더해감에 따라서 점차 크게 되어 역연령이 45세에서는 12년, 80세 에서는 20년이나 된다는 것이다. 이것은 인간에 있어서 시간적 경과를 나타내는 역연령 이외에 신체적 기능연령(functional age)가 있다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 한편, 생산현장에서는 자동화, 기계화가 진보되어 육체적인 노동이 경감된 결과, 중고령자라도 할 수 있는 작업이 많아지고 있다. 또, VDT (Visual Dislay Terminal) 작업과 같은 정보처리 작업의 수요가 증가하여 그 인재의 부족이 지적되고 있다. 따라서 중고령자의 기능을 조사하여 어떠한 작업에 적합한가를 판단하는 것이 중요한 과제로 되었다. 그러나 노동에는 많은 기능이 관여 하고, 그 내용에 따라서 요구되는 기능이 서로 다르기 때문에 노동적응능력의 기본적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.169-204
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• 2021

We empirically verified whether there are different educational investment behaviors according to university admissions, using the Korean Education and Employment Panel data. The results are as follows; the average annual private education cost and the average amount of time spent studying alone per week of rolling admission type were lower than those of regular admission type. Also, rolling admission applicants had longer leisure and sleeping hours, such as watching TV and using computers. These results show the possibility that the university admission system will change the educational investment behavior. Furthermore, there is a possibility to induce the human capital investment to be made efficiently.

• 한국정책학회보
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.277-300
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• 2012

This paper empirically analyses patterns of time allocation of the elderly, examining economic participation and volunteer work or social activities under the assumption that such activities have positive effects not only on the individuals and on the local communities but also on the society as a whole. As the result of descriptive analysis on the Korean Time Use Survey 1999, 2004 and 2009, the adults aged 60 to 64 years decrease time for paid work rapidly while increase time for passive leisure comparably slowly. In terms of time for active leisure, they devote less time to volunteer work and social activities, however, more time to self-centered activities such as education, cultural events, sport and fitness, and religious work. The overall pattern of decrease in time on economic or social participation for the elderly appeared be more significant in the birth cohorts of the early 1940s than those born in the late 1930s. The analysis implies that it is necessary for the government to encourage them to participate in community activities, either economic or social, with necessary policy responses. The result of the Tobit analysis on the dependent variables of each type of the 6 leisure activities demonstrated the self-centered active leisure time has increased over the last decaseds, whose pattern appeared to be more strengthened when the proportion of the elderly with higher education has increased.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study aims to elucidate the actual state of family care on the basis of the exact amount of time, and to verify its influencing factors and results. To this end, family caregiving was analyzed using the 2019 Korean Time Use Survey. The analysis results were as follows. First, the average time spent on adult family care was 115 minutes per day, a large proportion of family caregivers were women, the average age was relatively high, there were many unemployed, and household income was relatively low. Second, the analysis of influencing factors revealed that those who were women, older, married, and of a low household income had a considerable likelihood of becoming a family caregiver and had a longer caring time. Third, analysis of the relationship between family care and other activities showed that the family caregiving time was in a substitute relationship with paid work or leisure time, but it was in a complementary relationship with housework time, which was more evident in the case of high-intensity family caregiving. On the basis of these results, this study proposes the implementation of regular family care surveys, expansion of family care support policies, and modification of support for caring time according to the nature, goals, and attributes of caregivers.