• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

This study attempted to develop a model for selecting sites for ecologically effective, multi-functional wetlands during the environmental and ecological planning stage, prior to land use Planning. This model was developed with an emphasis upon the creation of a water circulation system for a newly-created city, dispersing and retaining the run-off that is increased due to urbanization and securing spaces to create wetlands that can promote urban biodiversity. A series of Precesses for selecting sites for wetland restoration and creation - watershed analysis, selection of evaluation items, calculation of weights, reparation of thematic maps and synthesis - were incorporated into the model. Its potentials and limitations were examined by applying it to the recently-planned WiRae New Community Development Area, which is located in the Seoul metropolitan region. At the watershed analysis stage, the site was divided into 13 sub-catchment areas. Inflow to watersheds including the area was $3,020,765m^3$ Run-off before and after development is estimated as $1,901,969m^3$ and $1,970,735{\sim}2,039,502m^3$, respectively. The total storage capacity required in the development area amounts to $68,766{\sim}137,533m^3$. When thematic maps were overlapped during the selection stage for wetland sites, 13 sub-catchment areas were prioritized for wetland restoration and creation. The locations and areas for retaining run-off showed that various types of wetlands, including retaining wetlands (area wetlands), riverine wetlands (linear wetlands) and pond wetlands (point wetlands), can be created and that they can be systematically connected. By providing a basic framework for the water circulation system plan of an entire city, it may be used effectively in the space planning stage, such as planning an urban eco-network through integration with greet areas. In order to estimate reasonable run-off and create an adequate water circulation system however, a feedback process following land use planning is required. This study strived to promote urban changes in a positive direction while minimizing urban changes in negative forms.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.155-195
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• 2017

The goal of the present study is reviewing the literature on the scientific community and also on science, technology & society to increase interactions between innovation studies and social studies of science and technology. Up until now, various empirical studies on Korean scientists and engineers have been concentrated on researchers at universities, while they have paid inadequate attention to researchers at state-funded research institutes and private companies. In addition, these studies have tended to use concepts in Western academia to elucidate Korean cases. On the other hand, recent empirical researches on the effects of the evaluation systems in universities, PBS system, and the network of school ties suggest that these topics may reveal the unique characteristics of Korean scientific community. Empirical studies on the scientific community have also shown that Korean research institutes and researchers who are in charge of innovation in Korea have demonstrated a tendency to conform to the government's guidance due to long experiences of state-led R&D and nationalism. Research on science, technology and society has viewed the participation of citizens in science and technology as a way toward science and technology democracy, and tended to have a strong practical orientation. However, there has been a relatively small amount of research on how citizen participation influences the direction and content of technological innovation. Also, although, from the viewpoint of technological innovation, how participation of citizens in science and technology can contribute to knowledge production and innovation is a critical issue, relatively small numbers of case studies on this subject have been conducted. Therefore, as the scholars who have emphasized the democracy of science and technology have actually experimented with various ways of citizen participation, innovation researchers may have to design and implement citizen participation through which citizens' local knowledge can contribute to technological innovation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.648-658
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• 2003

As the usage of image/video contents increase, a security problem for the payed image data or the ones requiring confidentiality is raised. This paper proposed an image encryption methodology to hide the image information. The target data of it is the result from quantization in wavelet domain. This method encrypts only part of the image data rather than the whole data of the original image, in which three types of data selection methodologies were involved. First, by using the fact that the wavelet transform decomposes the original image into frequency sub-bands, only some of the frequency sub-bands were included in encryption to make the resulting image unrecognizable. In the data to represent each pixel, only MSBs were taken for encryption. Finally, pixels to be encrypted in a specific sub-band were selected randomly by using LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register). Part of the key for encryption was used for the seed value of LFSR and in selecting the parallel output bits of the LFSR for random selection so that the strength of encryption algorithm increased. The experiments have been performed with the proposed methods implemented in software for about 500 images, from which the result showed that only about 1/1000 amount of data to the original image can obtain the encryption effect not to recognize the original image. Consequently, we are sure that the proposed are efficient image encryption methods to acquire the high encryption effect with small amount of encryption. Also, in this paper, several encryption scheme according to the selection of the sub-bands and the number of bits from LFSR outputs for pixel selection have been proposed, and it has been shown that there exits a relation of trade-off between the execution time and the effect of the encryption. It means that the proposed methods can be selectively used according to the application areas. Also, because the proposed methods are performed in the application layer, they are expected to be a good solution for the end-to-end security problem, which is appearing as one of the important problems in the networks with both wired and wireless sections.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.21-43
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• 2001

The environment to development information system including a GIS has been drastically changed in recent years in the perspectives of the complexity and diversity of the software, and the distributed processing and network computing, etc. This leads the paradigm of the software development to the CBD(Component Based Development) based object-oriented technology. As an effort to support these movements, OGC has released the abstract and implementation standards to enable approaching to the service for heterogeneous geographic information processing. It is also common trend in domestic field to develop the GIS application based on the component technology for municipal governments. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt the component technology considering current movements, yet related research works have not been made. This research is to propose a component-based GIS development methodology-ATOM(Advanced Technology Of Methodology)-and to verify its adoptability through the case study. ATOM can be used as a methodology to develop component itself and enterprise GIS supporting the whole procedure for the software development life cycle based on conventional reusable component. ATOM defines stepwise development process comprising activities and work units of each process. Also, it provides input and output, standardized items and specs for the documentation, detailed instructions for the easy understanding of the development methodology. The major characteristics of ATOM would be the component-based development methodology considering numerous features of the GIS domain to generate a component with a simple function, the smallest size, and the maximum reusability. The case study to validate the adoptability of the ATOM showed that it proves to be a efficient tool for generating a component providing relatively systematic and detailed guidelines for the component development. Therefore, ATOM would lead to the promotion of the quality and the productivity for developing application GIS software and eventually contribute to the automatic production of the GIS software, the our final goal.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.21-39
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• 2010

The dangerous impact on the traffic flows of cars is caused by no only the construction on the street but diverse construction sites. This in turn substantially influence on the citizens and pedestrians, thereby bring about the possibility of giant incidents. As the countermeasure for the problem in advanced countries, particularly in Japan "traffic inducement security system" has been implemented. It is analyzed that the death toll from traffic accidents has considerably declined. In the case of South Korea the system has not been administered but restrictively executed at some construction sites; however proceeding it with the lack of professionalism. The introduction of traffic inducement security system would be the opportunity for South Korea to make a progress in the safety culture such as traffic security and traffic jam. This study thus aims at analyzing the advanced countries' cases, conducting comparative analysis with Korea's scheme, and establishing the plan to adopt the traffic inducement security system. Through the output of this study followings were proposed as plans of introducing the traffic inducement security system. First of all, legal assessments regarding traffic inducement operation, for example adding the operation of the system into the category of security service, need to be preceded prior to its introduction secondly, the traffic inducement security is the institution which can contribute to the improvement of traffic safety, and also internalizing social cost. therefore, it needs to be equipped with the new qualification such as the instruction with the standardized traffic safety map, instruction system, curriculum and the publication of teaching materials. thirdly, the education for the guard should be proceeded with dividing academic and technical ones with specific curriculum. At the fourth, the securement of the venue for the driving training, the determination on technical instruction contents and the training professional instructor needs for the method of administration. In addition, the efforts on the overal standardization of traffic inducement security is necessary, and it also requires constant collaboration among private security industry, academia, professionals, relavant research institutes, etc. At the last but the least, henceforth it is prerequisite that the networking system with a diverse array of associated entities due to its social ripple effect and job creation effect.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.595-612
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• 2002

One of the most important issues in guaranteeing the high degree of QoS on mobile computing is how to reduce hand-off drops caused by lack of available bandwidth in a new cell. Each cell can request bandwidth reservation to its adjacent cells for hand-off calls. This reserved bandwidth can be used only for hand-offs, not for new calls. It is also important to determine how much of bandwidth should be reserved for hand-off calls because reserving too much would increase the probability of a new call being blocked. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new mechanism to provide QoS guarantee on a mobile computing environment by reserving an appropriate amount of bandwidth and call admission control. In this paper. bandwidth reservation and call admission control mechanisms are proposed to guarantee a consistent QoS for multimedia traffics on a mobile computing environment. For an appropriate bandwidth reservation, we propose an adaptive bandwidth reservation mechanism based on an MPP and a 2-tier cell structure. The former is used to predict a next move of the client while the latter to apply our mechanism only to the client with a high hand-off probability. We also propose a call admission control that performs call admission test only on PNC(Predicted Next Cell) of a client and its current cell. In order to minimize a waste of bandwidth caused by an erroneous prediction of client's location, we utilize a common pool and QoS adaptation scheme. In order evaluate the performance of our call admission control mechanism, we measure the metrics such as the blocking probability of new calls, dropping probability of hand-off calls, and bandwidth utilization. The simulation results show that the performance of our mechanism is superior to that of the existing mechanisms such as NR-CAT2, FR-CAT2, and AR-CAT2.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2005

The general solution for classification and regression problems can be found by matching and modifying matrices with the information in real world and then these matrices are teaming in neural networks. This paper treats primary space as a real world, and dual space that Primary space matches matrices using kernel. In practical study, there are two kinds of problems, complete system which can get an answer using inverse matrix and ill-posed system or singular system which cannot get an answer directly from inverse of the given matrix. Further more the problems are often given by the latter condition; therefore, it is necessary to find regularization parameter to change ill-posed or singular problems into complete system. This paper compares each performance under both classification and regression problems among GCV, L-Curve, which are well known for getting regularization parameter, and kernel methods. Both GCV and L-Curve have excellent performance to get regularization parameters, and the performances are similar although they show little bit different results from the different condition of problems. However, these methods are two-step solution because both have to calculate the regularization parameters to solve given problems, and then those problems can be applied to other solving methods. Compared with UV and L-Curve, kernel methods are one-step solution which is simultaneously teaming a regularization parameter within the teaming process of pattern weights. This paper also suggests dynamic momentum which is leaning under the limited proportional condition between learning epoch and the performance of given problems to increase performance and precision for regularization. Finally, this paper shows the results that suggested solution can get better or equivalent results compared with GCV and L-Curve through the experiments using Iris data which are used to consider standard data in classification, Gaussian data which are typical data for singular system, and Shaw data which is an one-dimension image restoration problems.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.895-910
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• 2013

Multi-screen service is a service that consumes more than one media in a number of terminals simultaneously or discriminately. This multi-screen service has become useful due to distribute of smart TV and terminals. Also, in case of hybrid broadcasting environment that is convergence of broadcasting and communication environment, it is able to provide various user experience through contents consumed by multiple screens. In hybrid broadcasting environment, scene composition technology can be used as an element technology for multi-screen service. Using scene composition technology, multiple media can be consumed complexly through the specified presentation time and space. Thus, multi-screen service based on the scene composition technology can provide spatial and temporal control and consumption of multiple media by linkage between the terminals. However, existing scene composition technologies are not able to use easily in hybrid broadcasting because of applicable environmental constraints, the difficulty in applying the various terminal and complexity. For this problems, HTML5 can be considered. HTML5 is expected to be applied in various smart terminals commonly, and provides consumption of diverse media. So, in this paper, it proposes the scene composition and multi-screen service technology based on HTML5 that is expected be used in various smart terminals providing hybrid broadcasting environment. For this, it includes the introduction in terms of HTML5 and multi-screen service, the method of providing information related with scene composition and multi-screen service through the extention of elements and attributes in HTML5, media signaling between terminals and the method of synchronization. In addition, the proposed scene composition and multi-screen service technology based on HTML5 was verified through the implementation and experiment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

This study aimed at investigating present research and knowledge-base on climate change adaptation in ecosystem sector and analyzed the current status of basic information on ecosystem that functions as evidence-base of climate change adaptation to deduce the suggestions for the future development for knowledge and information in biodiversity. In this perspective, a questionary survey titled as "the ecological knowledge-base and information needs for climate change adaptation" with the researchers who were engaged with adaptation studies for biodiversity in the ecosystem related-research institutes including national and 17 regional local governments-affiliated agencies in Korea. The results are as follows; current status of utilizing ecological information which supports climate change adaptation strategy, future needs for adaptation knowledge and ecological information, and activation of utilizing ecological information. The majority of respondents (90.7%) replied that the ecological information has high relevance when conducting research on climate change adaptation. However, only half of all respondents (53.2%) agreed with the real viability of current information to the adaptation research. Particularly, urgent priority for researchers was deduced as intensifying knowledge-base and constructing related information on 'ecosystem change from climate change (productivity, community structure, food chain, phenology, range distribution, and number of individuals) with the overall improvement of information contents and its quality. The respondents emphasized with the necessity of conducting field surveys of local ecosystem and constructing ecosystem inventories, advancing monitoring designs for climate change in ecosystem, and case studies for regional ecosystem changes with the guidance or guidelines for monitoring ecosystem change to enhance the quality of adaptation research and produce related information. In terms of activation for ecological information usage, national and local adaptation network should be working based on the integrated ecological platform necessary to support exchanges of knowledge and information and to expand ecosystem types in time and spatial dimension.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2003

We report the first direct measurement of $CO_2$ flux over Kwangneung broadleaf deciduous forest, one of the tower flux sites in KoFlux network. Eddy covariance system was installed on a 30 m tower along with other meteorological instruments from June to August in 2002. Although the study site was non-ideal (with valley-like terrain), turbulence characteristics from limited wind directions (i.e., 90$\pm$45$^{\circ}$) was not significantly different from those obtained at simple, homogeneous terrains with an ideal fetch. Despite very low rate of data retrieval, preliminary results from our analysis are encouraging and worthy of further investigation. Ignoring the role of advection terms, the averaged net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of $CO_2$ ranged from -1.2 to 0.7 mg m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ from June to August in 2002. The effect of weak turbulence on nocturnal NEE was examined in terms of friction velocity (u*) along with the estimation of storage term. The effect of low uf u* NEE was obvious with a threshold value of about 0.2 m s$^{-1}$ . The contribution of storage term to nocturnal NEE was insignificant; suggesting that the $CO_2$ stored within the forest canopy at night was probably removed by the drainage flow along the hilly terrain. This could be also an artifact of uncertainty in calculations of storage term based on a single-level concentration. The hyperbolic light response curves explained ＞80% of variation in the observed NEE, indicating that $CO_2$ exchange at the site was notably light-dependent. Such a relationship can be used effectively in filling up the missing gaps in NEE data through the season. Finally, a simple scaling analysis based on a linear flow model suggested that advection might play a significant role in NEE evaluation at this site.