• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

The operation mode of neural network is divided into learning and recognition process. Learning is updating process of weight until neural network archives target result from input pattern. Recognition is arithmetic process of input pattern and weight. Traditional inner product process is focused to improve processing speed and hardware complexity. There is no hardware architecture to distinguish between loaming and recognition mode of neural network. In this paper we propose the new architecture of low power inner product processor for reconfigurable neural network. The proposed architecture is similar with bit-serial inner product processor on learning mode. It have several advantages which are fast processing base on bit-level, suitability of hardware implementation and pipeline architecture to compute data. And proposed architecture minimizes active units and reduces consumption power on recognition mode. Result of simulation shows that active units is depend on bit representation of weight, but we can reduce active units about 50 precent.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.333-352
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• 1994

이 글은 그 동안 '숙어' 또는 '관용어'라는 이름 하에 별 다른 구별 없이 일괄적으로 다루어져 왔던 현대 국어 관용구를 그의 형태적 통사적 의미론적 결합 관계의 특성에 따라 재분류하여 그들의 특성과 하위 분류 등을 밝혀 보았다. 즉, 관용구를 그 내적구조의 특성, 구성요소들 사이의 의미상의 관련성의 긴밀도, 어휘와의 정도에 따라, 어휘화된 정도가 가장 높고 긴밀도에 있어서도 가장 높고 내적구성에 있어서도 여러 가지 특성을 보이는 것을 '숙어'라 하고, 그 이외의 것을 '연어'라 했다. '연어'가 생겨난 요인에 따라 '형태적 연어'와 '통사적 연어', '의미적 연어'로 나누었다. 이러한 분류는 국어 관용구의 특성을 밝혀 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 이에 더 나아가 각 관용구의 특성에 따른 올바른 기술을 통해 국어의 특수한 어휘 결합에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 꾀할 수 있다고 본다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.199-231
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• 2010

This study tried to contrast the relation-based and the dimension-based explanations and to suggest its implications on the noun-noun conceptual combination. In experiment 1, we investigated whether the dimension-based approach and intra-conceptual explanation can explain both thematic relational and property interpretations of conceptual combinations based upon the intrinsic and extrinsic features of constituent concepts. We defined intrinsic(or extrinsic) concepts according to the degree of dependency on intrinsic(or extrinsic) features. Property interpretation was facilitated when modifiers were the intrinsic concepts. This result implies that processing of conceptual combination can be influenced by the structures and information of constituent concepts. In experiment 2, exocentricity of the concepts used in Gagne(2000) was examined to reanalyze her data according to the dimension-based approach. The exocentricity was higher when the concepts were combined by their relational connections. Results of experiment 1 and 2 suggest the possibility that both approaches can be integrated through the diversities of information involved during interpreting conceptual combination. Implications and future directions of this study were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.338-343
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• 2020

This paper provides a semantic account of double nominative constructions in the framework of Autolexical Grammar, which views syntax, semantics, morphology, and other language components as modules generated simultaneously and independently. Some syntactocentric models in the past analyzed double nominatives as a result of possessor raising, ECM or incorporation. This paper provides a semantic explication of double nominatives through function-argument (F/A) structure of internal possession and external possession. The possessum used in double nominatives is a relational noun which takes a possessor as its argument in F/A structure. If the possessor directly combines with the relational noun, then internal possession is generated. If the possessor is a gap in F/A structure, then the argument which is coreferential with the gap combines later with the predicate, resulting in external possession, in which the possessor is in the nominative case. Unlike internal possession, the F/A structure of external possession structurally shows that the sentence is predicated of the possessor.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2001

이 글의 목적은 독일어 신체어휘 관련 관용구들 가운데 ${\lceil}$Duden Band 11${\rfloor}$에 수록된 108개의 $\lceil$손$\rfloor$ 관련 관용구를 대상으로 이들의 형태$\cdot$통사구조를 파악하고, 그들을 모형화하는 것이다. 우리는 연구 대상을 문장에서 결합가 보유어로서 술어의 기능을 하는 관용구에 한정했다. 우리는 $\lceil$손$\rfloor$ 관련 관용구를 보충어의 수와 형태에 따라 크게 세 가지 부류, 즉 1가, 2가, 3가의 관용구로 구분하였다 보충어의 형태는 명사구(Sn, Sd, Sa)와 전치사구(pS)에 한정했으며 문장형태의 보충어, 예를 들어 부문장(NS)과 부정사문(Inf) 형태는 고려하지 않았다. 이들이 보충어로 간주될 수 있는지의 여부는 아직 더 많은 연구를 필요로 하기 때문에 다음 과제로 남겨두었다. 일차적으로 외적 결합가($\"{a}u{\beta}ere\;Valenz)$에 따라, 이차적으로는 내적 결합가(innere Valenz)에 따라 108개의 $\lceil$손$\rfloor$ 관련 관용구를 분석한 결과 우리는 다음과 같은 형태$\cdot$통사적 문형을 얻을 수 있었다. $\cdot$ 1가 동사 관용구: 1) PL-Sn : (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn (2) PL(VPL - pS) - Sn (3) PL[VPL - Sa - pS] - Sn (4) PL[VPL - pS - pS] - Sn Sondergruppen: PL[VPL - Sa - Inf] - Sn PL[VPL - pS - Inf] - Sn 2) PL - Sd: (1) PL[VPL - Sn] - Sd (2) PL[VPL - Sn(es) - pS] - Sd $\cdot$ 2가 동사 관용구1) PL - Sn - Sd: (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - Sd (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sd (3) PL[VPL - Sa - pS) - Sn - Sd 2) PL - Sn - pS: (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - pS (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - pS (3) PL(VPL - Sa - pS) - Sn - pS 3) PL[VPL - pS) - Sn -Sa $\cdot$ 3가 동사 관용구: (1) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sd - Sa (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sa - pS (3) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - Sd - pS 이러한 분류가 보여주듯이, 독일어에는 1가, 2가, 3가의 관용구가 있으며, 구조 외적으로 동일한 통사적 결합가를 갖는다 하더라도 구조 내적 성분구조가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 우리는 이 글이 외국어로서의 독일어를 배우는 이들에게 독일어의 관용구를 보다 올바르게 이해할 수 있는 방법론적인 토대를 제공함은 물론, (관용어) 사전에서 외국인 학습자를 고려하여 관용구를 알기 쉽게 기술하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 바란다.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2006

The aim of this paper is to explore and understand, using in-depth interviews, the participant's enthusiasm for and involvement in studying mathematics and the deeper nature of his/her interest in mathematics teaching. In addition a larger aim is to understand how the individual's interest in mathematics and teaching are linked to his/her larger personal fulfillment. We conducted in-depth interviews with 4 pre-service teachers' subjective experiences focusing on deep motivation, pedagogical content knowledge, inner vision. Interviews focus much more on the participant's spontaneous feeling, consciousness, and state as these arise in the interview, and on past foiling, consciousness and state as they appear to the participant subjectively retrospectively in his/her memory. The output of this research consists of 2 portraits out of 4 individual participants, highlighting and conceptually developing the specific aspects under study; different ways in which individuals' involvement with the subject area affects their motivation, inner visions and academic efforts toward becoming teachers. Larger aspects of pre-service teachers' subjective experiences were sketched by contrasting the two cases. Several suggestions were put at the end to enhance mathematics education concerning curriculum development.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.61-68
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• 1995

Difficulties in riding, driving and parking are a common issue which inevitably appears in city urbanization and city modernization development all over the world. However, those cities differ in controlling the traffic. According to the specific practice in Shanghai, this article presents the various factors which affect the traffic capacity and the operation quality. This article also outlines transportation system management technique of overall coordination and comprehensive control in the following seven aspects: controlling traffic motivation; improving traffic distribution; reasonably and scientifically selecting travel mode, travel route and travel time; reinforcing traffic management and road construction. The article finally suggests that above mentioned points are cost-effective ways of handling traffic plight for metropolitan transport.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.340-348
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a novel formulation to solve a time-domain combined field integral equation (CFIE) for analyzing the transient electromagnetic scattering response from closed conducting bodies. Instead of the conventional marching-on in time (MOT) technique, tile solution method in this paper is based on the moment method that involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedures. Triangular patch vector functions are used for spatial expansion and testing functions for three-dimensional arbitrarily shaped closed structures. The time-domain unknown coefficient is approximated as a basis function set that is derived from tile Laguerre functions with exponentially decaying functions. These basis functions are also used as the temporal testing. Numerical results computed by the proposed method arc stable without late-time oscillations and agree well with the frequency-domain CFIE solutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-71
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• 1986

본 연구는 $\ulcorner$네트웍$\lrcorner$ 평형모형을 이용하여 일반비용극수(Generalized Cost function)의 모형계수를 결정하는 하나의 방법을 제시한다. 이러한 기법은 동일모형을 실현 하기 위해서는 필연적인 과정이다. 기존의 대부분의 방법은 도시통행상 발생되는 통행자의 제비용을 직접 관측하고 수집하여 모형체계를 결정하였지만 본 연구에서는 이미 활용가능한 기종점별 통행실태조사를 이용하여 통행비용을 내생적으로 결정하고 이에 따른 모형체계를 추출한다. 따라서 본 연구는 자료수집상에 야기될 수 있는 제반 문제점의 행결과 동일목적 의 산출과정을 단순화시키고 내적일관성을 추구하였다는 데에 의의가 있다. 연구의 타당성 검토를 위해 $\ulcorner$시카고$\lrcorner$ 지역에 본 모형과 방법론을 적용하고 결과를 분석하였다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

The present. study analyzes the formative languages in works adopting the De paysementtechnique in contemporary art centering on surrealism and is concerned about the methodology of this technique in integrating image compositions. The Depaysement technique widely adopted in many art works up to the contemporary art since the end of expressionism were dassified into seven methodologies for analysis. The results indicate that the Depaysement technique presents a distinctive methodology of creation to represent the inner spiritual qualities. Therefore, it is expected that further studies on expression of this Depaysement technique will be of great help in expanding ideas in Art in the future.