• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

As well as arising the concern about pesticides known as a Carcinogenic or endocrine disorder substrates, magnitude was increased of reducing pesticides in soil or water. In this work, removals of residual pesticides on surface of solid phase were attempted by the photooxidation process with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum conditions for the removals of benomyl (carbamatic pesticide) chlorothalonil (Organochoric pesticide) were 350nm UV wavelegth and 20% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide solution as oxidant. Removals are negligible when UV radiation or the supply of hydrogen peroxide are solely applied on the target compoounds. Removal rates of the pesticides are accelerated by UV radiation with hydrogen addition. After 20 min of the treatment, about $2{\mu}g/cm^2$ of benomyl and $1,88{\mu}g/cm^2$ of chlorothalonil were disappeared on the surface of the solid phase.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.314-317
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• 2008

We report the patient presented with a left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed lymphocyte-dominant exudates with lower level of adenosine deaminase and negative cytologic malignancy. Thoracoscopic examination and histologic examination revealed metastatic nodules on pleurae, proven to be from the papillary thyroid cancer. There were no other sites of distant metastases. Though papillary thyroid cancer is characterized with slow progression and relatively good prognosis, metastatic pleural effusion as an initial manifestation of undiagnosed papillary thyroid cancer can be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11C
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• pp.1581-1591
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate the design of three low-complexity joint estimation algorithms(LJEAs) for frequency offset and carrier phase. The proposed LJEAs are based on the interpolation technique of correlation values of the received signal in frequency and phase domains. With these algorithms, the estimation ranges $\Delta$f$_{d}$${\times}$T$_{s}$ . are less than 1/2N$_{s}$ , and 1/N$_{s}$ which are comparable to conventional algorithms. The Proposed LJEAs require only 2N$_{s}$ or 4N$_{s}$ complex multiplications which are very simple compared with the conventional algorithms. Nevertheless the estimation accuracies of the LJEAs are as good as those of the conventional algorithms. Suitable areas of application include joint estimation of frequency offset and carrier phase in burst-mode digital transmission such as satellite communications.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Amphibians play a pivotal role in the ecosystem as a mediator between aquatic and terrestrial environment. Currently they are directly exposed to a variety of chemicals in the aquatic environment throughout their life cycle. Azole fungicides have been widely used in medical applications and agricultural activities. The direct exposure of azole fungicides causes an alarming situation for various ecosystem. Recently, teratogenesis and endocrine disruption by azole fungicides have been reported in amphibians. In an effort to provide the current information for amphibian toxicity of azole fungicides and to make the guidelines for safe usage of azole-based materials, the effects of azole fungicides including imidazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, and pyrazoleon on early development, differentiation and reproduction of amphibians were reviewed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.462-471
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• 2021

Background: The number of synthesized chemicals has rapidly increased over the past decade. For many chemicals, there is a lack of information on toxicity. With the current movement toward reducing animal testing, the use of toxicity big data and deep learning could be a promising tool to screen potential toxicants. Objectives: This study identified potential chemicals related to reproductive and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated toxicities for 1135 cleaning products and 886 laundry products. Methods: We listed chemicals contained in cleaning and laundry products from a publicly available database. Then, chemicals that potentially exhibited reproductive and ER-mediated toxicities were identified using the European Union Classification, Labeling and Packaging classification and ToxCast database, respectively. For chemicals absent from the ToxCast database, ER activity was predicted using deep learning models. Results: Among the 783 listed chemicals, there were 53 with potential reproductive toxicity and 310 with potential ER-mediated toxicity. Among the 473 chemicals not tested with ToxCast assays, deep learning models indicated that 42 chemicals exhibited ER-mediated toxicity. A total of 13 chemicals were identified as causing reproductive toxicity by reacting with the ER. Conclusions: We demonstrated a screening method to identify potential chemicals related to reproductive and ER-mediated toxicities utilizing chemical toxicity big data and deep learning. Integrating toxicity data from in vivo, in vitro, and deep learning models may contribute to screening chemicals in consumer products.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 1997

Superovulation with exogenous gonadotropins creates a spectrum of pre or periovulatory hormonal changes with subsequent detrimental effects on oocyte quality, fertilization, embryo development, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Our recent study determined potential roles for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in uterine environment regulation and preimplant tation in the rat. The evidence indicates that IGF-l may play an important role in the main tenance of a receptive uterine environment for embryonic development and the regulation of decidualization. Embryonic loss and failure of implantations following superovulation may be partially attributed to disturbances in uterine IGF-l action as observed in this study. We investigated the effects of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on frequency of chromosomal a abnormalities of mouse embryos. Chromosome a analysis of mouse zygotes and 8- to 16-cell stage embryos from spontaneously ovulated, 5, 10, and l 15 lU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) superovulated mice was carried out. Aneuploidy, polyploidy and structural chrom- osomal abnormalities were detected among the four groups. However, only polyploidy was correlated with superovulation. In 10 and 15 IV PMSG treated groups, the rate of polypoidy was 2.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a dose reponse relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of embryonic p polyploidy (P

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

A large number of man-made chemicals that have been released into the environment have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals and humans. There is a critical developmental period during which sexual brain differentiation proceeds irreversibly under the influence of gonadal hormone. Recently we identified KAP3 gene expressed during the critical period of rat brain sexual differentiation. KAP3 functions as a microtubule-based motor that transports membranous organelles anterogradely in cells, including neurons. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endocrine disrupter, Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), on the KAP3 gene expression during critical period of rat brain development. Maternal exposure to DDT increased the level of KAP3 mRNA in male and female fetus brains when examined on the gestational day 17 (GDl7). In postnatal day 6, DDT suppressed the expression of KAP3 gene in male and female rat brain. Also, the body weight and fertilization rate were decreased in the DDT exposured rats. These results showed that endocrine disrupter, DDT, can affect the transcriptional level of brain sexual differentiation related gene, KAP3, in the prenatal and the neonatal rat brain and that maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors may lead to a toxic response in embryonic differentiation of brain. And so KAP3 gene may be used a gene maker to analyse the molecular mechanism for toxic response in animal nerve tissues exposed to endocrine disruptors.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

Simazine (6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is a triazine herbicide that has been applied worldwide including Korea for agricultural purposes. Simazine is the second most commonly detected pesticide in surfaceand ground-water in the United States, Europe and Australia. It has been shown that simazine is a potent endocrine disruptor in wildlife and laboratory animals. Although many endocrine disruptors can induce apoptosis in various types of cells, the effects of simazine on apoptosis and on the expression of Bcl-2 family genes are not known. Also it is unknown the effect of simazine on the expression of steroidogenesis-regulating genes in testicular cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of simazine on the expression levels of apoptosis- and steroidogenesis-regulating genes in testicular cells. We found that a low concentration of simazine can alter the mRNA expression levels of steroidogenesis-related genes and Bcl-2 family genes in mouse Sertoli cells and rat Leydig cells. Thus, our results suggest that simazine can disturb normal testicular development and reproductive function by altering the expression of genes that are critical for the regulation of apoptosis and steroidogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2001

내분비계 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 bisphenol A(BPA)의 투여가 생쥐의 번식 효율에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 웅성 ICR 생쥐에 무처리구, corn oil, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA/kg b.w의 BPA을 3일 간격으로 5회 투여했으며, 자성 ICR 생쥐도 웅성생쥐와 동일하게 3일 간격으로 5회 투여한 후, 웅성은 투여후 2일, 자성은 7일후에 모든검사를 실시하였다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효 정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 총정자수는 각각 35.50, 35.73, 36.33, 33.13 및 29.28$\times$$10^{7}$ 정자/$m\ell$로서 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 결과을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 23.15%로서 무처리구(18.13%), 대조구(18.58%) 및 0.05mg 투여구(19.68%)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성 생쥐에 BPA의 투여가 혈액의 일반성분에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 체중은 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며 자궁의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 대조구에 비해 다소 논은 무게를 나타냈다. 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 각각 0.0059 및 0.0061g으로 대조구(0.0081g)와 0.05mg 투여구(0.0071g)보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며, 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 각각 0.0076, 0.0076, 0.0058 및 0.0061g으로 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구와 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직, 병리학적인 검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.271-285
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• 2014

Aluminum flows into the river from the abandoned mine leachate, industrial wastewater, and sewage and is responsible for acute toxicity in aquatic organisms. Recently, the number of reports have indicated the increased toxicity in a variety of aquatic organisms' due to the aluminum toxicity. In this study, we reviewed the toxicity of aluminum on aquatic invertebrates, fishes and amphibians and suggested the guideline for management of aluminum residues in aquatic environment and strategies for aluminum toxicity evaluation. In aquatic animals aluminum complexes evoke gill dysfunction primarily, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, disruption of endocrine function, reproductive success, metabolism and homeostasis. Notably, at environmentally relevant concentration, aluminum complex can alter the hormone levels in fish in acidic condition. Further, since the solubility of aluminum is higher in the acidic and basic conditions, thus it is likely that the toxic effects of aluminum may not only occur in acidic water near the abandoned mines but also in lakes and rivers, where pH is raised by algal bloom.