• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.127-128
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 퇴비화 과정 중 난용성 인산의 가용화와 무기태 인산의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 비료와 퇴비중의 인산형태는 다른 성분들보다 토양에 흡착 또는 고정되거나 불용화 되는 양이 많아 작물의 흡수량이 적다. 시비된 인산의 흡수율은 낮고, 그 대부분은 난용화되기 때문에 토양에 축적되거나 세탈과 용탈에 의해 수질을 오염화시키는 주원인이 되고 있다. 퇴비화 과정중의 인산형태별 함량변화를 분석조사하여 작물에 시비되는 인산비료와 퇴비의 시용량을 적절하게 조절하여 인산의 과잉 시비량을 저감시키기 위한 연구이다. 돈분을 원료로 한 퇴비화 과정에서 단계별로 퇴비시료를 채취하여 총인산(T-P), 유효인산(Avail. -P)과 무기태인산분획별(Ca-P, Al-P, Fe-P)로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 퇴적더미의 초기부피는 570L였으며, 약 2개월간의 퇴비화를 통해서 시료채취와 미생물등의 분해작용으로 최종부피는 430L정도로 감소하였다. 이는 초기의 부피보다 25% 감소하였다. 퇴적더미의 분해로 인한 용적밀도의 변화를 고려하면, 총인산 함량은 초기 약 17,500mg/kg에서 최종시료는 22,500mg/kg로 증가되었다. 또한 퇴비화가 진행됨에 따라 인산의 가용태가 증가하는 결과를 보였으며, 초기의 유효인산이 4,500mg/kg에서 최종시료에서는 8,900mg/kg으로 증가되었다. 그리고 무기태 인산분획별 인산의 형태별 변화를 조사한 결과, 퇴비화 과정 중 Ca-P의 경우 pH와의 중요한 상관관계를 갖고 있었다. 유기물분해를 통해 유리된 인산과 Ca은 난용태로 전환되는데, 초기의 약 10일 동안 Ca-P의 감소원인은 pH의 감소로 인한 Ca이 유리되는 정도가 낮기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 초기 Ca-P형태의 인산함량은 11,900mg/kg으로 Fe-P와 Al-P보다 많았다. 또한 퇴비화가 안정화되어 부숙된 최종시료의 무기태 인산분획물 중 Ca-P는 18,000mg/kg로 증가하였으며, Ca-P>Al-P>Fe-P의 순 이었다. 그러나 Al-P와 Fe-P 형태의 무기태인산은 초기의 함량비율보다 다소 감소한 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 퇴비화과정 중 단계별 인산함량의 형태전환을 분석한 결과 총인산의 함량은 퇴비화가 안정화될수록 부피감소로 인한 인산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 유기물질의 분해로 인한 원료내 인산의 형태가 불용태와 난용태에서 가용태 인산으로 전환되는 것을 도출하였다. 또한 무기태 인산분획물에서는 Ca-P 인산형태가 퇴비화가 진행될수록 증가한다는 결과를 얻었으며, Fe-P와 Al-P는 분해된 유기물의 킬레이트작용으로 감소되었다고 판단되며, 그 존재형태가 경쟁적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 화학비료와 퇴비의 시용이 병행될 경우에는 퇴비의 가용태 인산함량뿐만 아니라 무기태 인산의 함량을 분석한 후 인산질비료의 시비량을 조절해야할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 1999

Grinding aid is a necessary unit operation when the raw materials are handled in solid form, and the purpose is to improve the bioavailability by reducing the particle size. For the particle design of pefloxacin, the dry planetary ball-mill was used. With the drying process, 330 g of zirconia ball with its size of 2 mm in diameter and 10 g of pefloxacin were transferred to the pot and mixed well. The mixture was ground at 112 rpm (60 Hz) for 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively. The most satisfactory grinding products were generated at 15 min of grinding time for their particle size. The volume mean diameter $\X_50$ of the grinding products was 2.97 $\mu$m. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) patterns were relatively unchanged before pulverizing pefloxacin and in the progress of grinding. Thus, these results suggest that this pulverizing method can be used for grinding products without evident effect on stability of the drug pefloxacin. Dissolution test was carried out to set up the optimal detective condition against residual antibacteria of fish by HPLC. The grinding pefloxacin for 15 min is most effective in dissolution test.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2009

In this work, 5'-nitroindirubinoxime (5'-NIO) has been prepared as solid dispersions using a supercritical aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) process in order to enhance its water solubility and dissolution rate. Solid dispersions of 5'-NIO and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were prepared in various weight percent ratios. Three-component solid dispersions consisting of 5'-NIO, PVP, and poloxamer 188 (P188) were also prepared to study the influence of P188 level on their morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution behavior. All samples were prepared at $35^{\circ}C$ and 180 bar using supercritical carbon dioxide. The particle morphology and size of the two-component solid dispersions were found to be nearly spherical and much smaller (100-200 nm) compared with the original 5'-NIO. The morphology of three-component solid dispersions became more agglomerated as the level of P188 increased. The crystallinity of the original 5'-NIO was not observed in the solid dispersions prepared by the ASES process. Faster dissolution rates were observed for the three-componet solid dispersions because the arrangement of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide blocks of the poloxamer 188 enabled the formation of micelles in an aqueous phase.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.878-883
• /
• 2008

Aeromonas hydrophila DA33 was isolated from cultivated soils as a bacteria having high abilities to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh) was cloned from Escherichia coli. The recombinant plasmid, pGHS containing glucose dehydrogenase gene was introduced into A. hydrophila DA33 in order to improve the activity of phosphate-solubilizing. The transformant harboring the gdh gene, A. hydrophila pGHS/DA33 increased enzyme activity. The strain also increased the gluconic acid generation that was effective for phosphate solubilization. It was possible that the strain containing pGHS produced higher solubilized phosphate with tri-calcium phosphate as the unique (P) source, in comparison with that of wild type without plasmid. These results suggest that the strain, A. hydrophila pGHS/DA33 is expected as effective biofertilizer for phosphate solubilization.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.300-305
• /
• 2010

Zaltoprofen is a propionic acid derivative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has been widely used in the treatment of a number of arthritic conditions or lumbago. Zaltoprofen has low water solubility and low bioavailability, therefore great efforts have been devoted to enhance the extent of drug adsorption. In this study, zaltoprofen was formulated into a tablet to enhance the bioavailability and to achieve sustained-release using additives such as lactose monohydrate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were employed to study the structure and crystallization of zaltoprofen in the tablet with various contents of additives. It was found that additives had interactions with zaltoprofen and inhibited the crystallization of zaltoprofen. Tablets containing low viscosity HPMC showed a higher release than those containing high viscosity HPMC. Also, as the amount of CMC increased zaltoprofen release increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.442-446
• /
• 2007

From the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of pepper, tomato, lettuce, pasture, and grass, unsoluble inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated using plate base assay on Pikovskaya's medium. Two strains, CL-1 and CL-2, which produced largest halo on plates (indicative of phosphate solubilization)were selected for further studies. Based on these biochemical and 16S rRNA analysis strains CL-1, CL-2 were found to be as species of Pseudomonas sp. and Kluyvera sp., respectively. In broth assay Pseudomonas sp. CL-1 and Kluyvera sp. CL-2 solubilized insoluble phosphate by 193.4 mg and $493.6P\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively after $3^{rd}$ day inoculation. These effecient phosphate solubilizing bacteria have a potential to be developed as microbial based fertilizer in future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.683-691
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure the yield and to evaluate the physiological activity of Cannabis sativa seed(Hemp seed) extracts extracted using a density fluctuation supercritical carbon dioxide for each temperature condition-30℃(HSSE30), 45℃(HSSE45), 60℃(HSSE60), and to enable dissolution of the poorly water-soluble extracts by liposome formulation and to enhance the skin permeability. As a result of the yield measurement, HSSE60 showed the highest yield, and in the antioxidant activities, HSSE45 had the highest total polyphenol content, and showed the highest DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activities at the highest concentration of the extracts. As a result of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, a clear zone appeared only in the Propionibateium acnes strain. It was confirmed that particle size was reduced and the absolute value of the zeta potential increased in the case of the formulation in which the extracts were in liposomes than in the formulation in which the extracts were dissolved in deionized water, and the skin permeability was improved. Based on these experimental results, we confirmed the possibility of using the hemp seed supercritical carbon dioxide extracts, a poorly water-soluble extract, can be applied as a functional natural material for cosmetics.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 1988

The size of furosemide was reduced by the recrystallization method in order to increase the dissolution rate of the drug. Surfactants or hydrophilic polymers were used to suppress the aggregation in the crystal formation-growth process of microparticles by dispersing action. Dissolution rate of microparticles increased remarkably due to the size reduction of microparticle. The particle size decreased with increasing the concentration of the drug and the dispersing agents, i.e., surfactants or hydrophilic polymers. No polymorphic transition occurred during the microcrystallization process, but the habit of crystal formation was altered in the case of anionic surfactant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 1975

복용량이 비교적 적고, 난용성 의약품(醫藥品)으로 antirheumatism에 사용되고 있는 phenylbutazone을 macromolecule polymer로서 water soluble carrier인 polyvinylpyrrolidone과 solvent method로 1:1, 1:5, 및 1:9(w/w)의 coprecipitate를 형성(形成)시켰으며, 이들 coprecipitate의 용출 속도를 Pure drug 및 coprecipitate 형성 용매인methanol에서 재결정한 recrystallized pure drug의 그것과 측정 비교(比較)하였다. 1:1,1:5 및 1:9(w/w)의 coprecipitate는 recrystallized pure phenylbutazone보다 약 4.5배의 용출의 증가를 보였고, 이들 1:1,1:5,1:9(w/w)에서의 그 carrier의 양(量)에 따른 용출에의 영향은 거의 없었다. 시간(時間)에 대(對)한 log probit를 plot하여 구(求)한 dissolution half life, $T_{50%}$는 coprecipitate ratio 1:1(w/w)에서는 5.5분, 1:5에서는 10분, 1:9에서는 12.5분이었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 1990

To increase the dissolution rate of furosemide, cogrinding or coprecipitating of furosemide with povidone was carried out. The ground mixture of furosemide with povidone was prepared by cogrinding in a ceramic ball mill and the coprecipitate was prepared by solvent method using methanol. The povidone ground mixture and the coprecipitate showed a faster and more enhanced dissolution rate than the physical mixture or intact furosemide. The IR, DTA and TGA studies showed the physicochemical modifications of furosemide from the ground mixture and the coprecipitate. An interaction, in the ground mixture and in the coprecipitate, such as association between the functional groups of furosemide and povidone might occur in the molecular level. The coprecipitating and cogrinding techniques with povidone provided a promising way to increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs.