• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.315-319
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• 2020

In various fields, several studies based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been conducted. The results of previous studies, wherein CNT coatings have been incorporated as solid lubricants, demonstrate that the friction and wear characteristics of CNT coatings can be improved through the absorption/dispersion of the contact pressure by controlling the stiffness of the nanomesh structure comprising CNT strands. In this study, the friction and wear characteristics of the following are compared: CNT coating formed by spin coating of CNT solution, compressed CNT coating, and compressed/heated CNT coating (wherein CNT strands are squeezed through compression and/or heating). It is observed that the friction coefficient of the CNT coating having the largest number of voids between the CNT strands is significantly lower than those of the compressed CNT coating and the compressed/heated CNT coating. The wear tracks of the compressed CNT coating and the compressed/heated CNT coating indicate that some parts become torn or adhere into a lump. However, in the case of the CNT coating, a smooth wear surface is formed by rubbing. Furthermore, as the void space between the squeezed and adhered CNT strands decreases, the resistance to structural deformation increases, thereby resulting in an increased frictional force and a wear pattern that becomes torn or forms a lump. Hence, the results obtained from this study corroborate that the friction and wear characteristics of CNT coatings can be enhanced through the absorption/dispersion of the contact pressure by controlling the stiffness of the nanomesh structure of CNT coatings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2016

최근 증가하고 있는 플렉서블 기기제작을 위한 플렉서블 전극으로 금속메쉬, 그래핀, 은나노선을 사용한 전극이 제안되었으나 복잡한 공정 및 안정성 문제로 인해 다양한 나노복합구조를 적용하여 단점을 개선하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 은나노선 전극은 특히 공정이 단순하고 투과도 및 전도도가 비교적 우수하며 기판의 휘어짐에도 특성변화가 가장 작아 플렉서블 전극의 가장 강력한 후보재료로 알려져 있다. 그러나 은나노선 전극은 구조적으로 전극표면에 고르게 분포하지 못하기 때문에 전극의 표면거칠기가 매우 커지고 투과되는 빛과 간섭하여 헤이즈가 발생되는 문제를 가지고 있다. 특히 플렉서블 OLED용 전극으로 응용시 화면의 선명도가 떨어지며 은나노선 네트워크의 접촉저항이 증가하고 큰 표면거칠기로 인해 수명이 감소하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 은나노선 전극에 산화그래핀 처리를 통해 나노복합구조를 형성하고 플렉서블 기판에 전사하는 방법을 통해 투명 전극을 형성하였다. 주사전자현미경 측정을 통해 산화그래핀 플레이크와 은나노선 전극의 구조적 특성을 조사하였고 면저항측정을 통해 산화그래핀 처리공정 조건에 따라 전기적 특성이 개선되는 결과를 확인하였다. 은나노선 전극의 전도도 개선의 원인을 조사하기 위해 라만, XPS, 투과도 측정결과를 분석하였다. XPS 분석결과 은나노선과 그래핀의 나노복합구조 형성을 통해 산화그래핀에 포함된 pyridinic 질소가 감소하고 quaternary 질소가 증가하였다. 이는 산화그래핀의 내부 defect sites에 질소결합이 증가되었음을 의미하고 이로인해 산화그래핀에 부분적인 전도경로가 형성되어 은나노선의 전도특성을 개선되었다. 투과도 측정을 통해 은나노선의 가로방향 플라즈몬 공명 흡수가 산화그래핀 처리에 의해 감소하였고 이로 인해 은나노선 전극의 투과도가 산화그래핀 처리에 의해 개선되는 결과를 확인하였다. 은나노선 전극에 대해 산화그래핀 처리를 통해 나노복합구조 형성에 대한 연구는 은나노선 플렉서블 전극 개발을 가속화하고 잠재적인 응용분야를 확대하기 위한 원천지식을 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2024

We investigated the crystal structural property and chemical bonding nature of cellulose nanocrystal extracted directly from cotton cellulose using high-pressure homogenizer. The nanowire-like cellulose nanocrystals were randomly distributed in the form of a dense mesh. Based on calculating the interplanar distance of the Bragg-diffracted crystal plane observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was found that the cellulose nanocrystals formed by high-pressure homogenizer had a monoclinc crystal structure, corresponding to the cellulose Iβ sub-polymorph. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis for the quantitatively evaluation of the amorphous region in cellulose nanocrystals revealed that the crystallinity index of cellulose nanocrystals was calculated to be 53.06 %. The O/C ratio of the surface of cellulose nanocrystal was estimated to be 0.82. Further analysis showed that chemical bonds of C-C bond or C-H bond, C-O bond, O-C-O bond or C=O bond, and O-C=O bond were the main chemical bonding states of the cellulose nanocrystal surface.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

Carbon Nanotube (CNT) films were deposited with varying deposition temperature by RF plasma CVD on Fe catalysts deposited onto $SiO_2$ films grown thermally on the silicon wafer using $C_2H_2$ and $H_2$ gases. The Fe catalysts on silicon oxide film were made by RF magnetron sputtering. The grounded grid mesh cover on the substrate holder was used for depositing CNT thin films with high purity. The surface morphologies and chemical structure of deposited CNT films were characterized using SEM, Raman, XPS and TEM. It was observed that deposited CNTs films were carbon fiber type having Bamboo-like multiwall structure and CNT film grown at $600^{\circ}C$ was more dense than that at $550^{\circ}C$, but become less dense at $650^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2015

플렉서블 기판을 기반으로 하는 휴대용 기기는 다양한 형태로 가공이 가능하고 가벼워 휴대가 용이하며 충격에 강하여 내구성이 좋은 장점을 가지고 있으나 플렉서블 전극 개발이 어려운 문제가 있다. 플렉서블 전극으로 그래핀, 은나노선, 금속메쉬 등의 다양한 재료, 구조에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있으며 특히 은나노선 전극은 공정이 단순하고 투과도 및 전도도가 비교적 우수하녀 가장 강력한 후보재료로 알려져 있다. 그러나 은나노선은 표면거칠기가 매우 크고 헤이즈가 발생하여 OLED 디스플레이용 전극으로 응용시 화면의 선명도가 떨어지며 은나노선 네트워크 형성시 은나노선간의 접촉저항이 증가하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근 산화그래핀을 적용하여 은나노선의 투과도, 전도도, 표면거칠기를 개선하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 은나노선과 산화그래핀 나노복합체를 형성하고 플렉서블 기판에 전사하는 공정방법을 통해 투명전극을 형성하였고 산화그래핀이 포함되지 않은 전극과 비교하여 전극의 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 주사전자현미경 측정을 통해 플렉서블 기판에 포함된 산화그래핀-은나노선 전극의 구조적 특성을 조사하였고 면저항측정을 통해 산화그래핀 처리로 인해 전기적 특성이 개선되는 결과를 확인하였다. 전도도 개선의 원인을 조사하기 위해 라만, XPS, 투과도 측정결과를 분석하여 그래핀에 포함된 pyridinic 질소가 감소하고 quaternary 질소가 증가하며 이로 인해 defect sites의 수가 감소하는 결과를 확인하였다. 산화그래핀과 은나노선의 접합부분에서 산화그래핀의 quaternary 질소가 증가하고 산화그래핀에 전하밀도를 증가하여 전도도를 향상하였다. 투과도 측정을 통해 은나노선의 가로방향 플라즈몬 공명 흡수가 산화그래핀 처리에 의해 감소한 결과를 확인하였다. 산화그래핀-은나노선 나노복합체의 전도도 향상 원인에 대한 연구는 은나노선의 플렉서블 전극 응용을 가속화하고 잠재적인 응용분야를 확대하기 위한 원천지식을 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.169-274
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• 2024

Recent attention has been drawn to materials that undergo reversible expansion and contraction in response to external stimuli, leading to morphological changes. These materials hold potential applications in various fields including soft robotics, sensors, and artificial muscles. In this study, a novel material capable of responding to high temperatures for protection or encapsulation is proposed. To achieve this, liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) with nematic-isotropic transition properties and polyimide (PI) with high mechanical strength and thermal stability were utilized. To utilize a solution process, a dope solution was synthesized and introduced into micro-printing techniques to develop a two-dimensional pattern of LCE/PI bilayer structures with sub-millimeter widths. The honeycomb-patterned LCE/PI bilayer mesh combined the mechanical strength of PI with the high-temperature contraction behavior of LCE, and selective printing of LCE facilitated deformation in desired directions at high temperatures. Consequently, the functionality of selectively and reversibly encapsulating specific high-temperature materials was achieved. This study suggests potential applications in various actuator fields where functionalities can be implemented across different temperature ranges without the need for electrical energy input, contingent upon molecular changes in LCE.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.189-194
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• 2021

A straightforward, yet effective surface modification method of stainless steel mesh and its interesting anti-wetting characteristics are reported in this study. The stainless steel mesh is electrochemically etched, and the specimen has both micro and nano-scale structures on its surface. This process transforms the two types of mesh specimens known as the regular and dense specimens into hydrophobic specimens without applying any hydrophobic chemical coating process. The fundamental wettability of the modified mesh is analyzed through a dedicatedly designed experiment to investigate the waterproof characteristics, for instance, the penetration threshold. The waterproof characteristics are evaluated in a manner that the modified mesh resists as high as approximately 2.7 times the pressure compared with the bare mesh, i.e., the non-modified mesh. The results show that the penetration threshold depends primarily on the advancing contact angles, and the penetration stop behaviors are affected by the contact angle hysteresis on the surfaces. The findings further confirm that the inexpensive waterproof meshes created using the proposed straightforward electrochemical etching process are effective and can be adapted along with appropriate designs for various practical applications, such as underwater devices, passive valves, and transducers. In general, , additional chemical coatings are applied using hydrophobic materials on the surfaces for the applications that require water-repelling capabilities. Although these chemical coatings can often cause aging, the process proposed in this study is not only cost-effective, but also durable implying that it does not lose its waterproof properties over time.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.100-104
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• 2019

The 'ITO/Ag/ITO' multilayers as a highly conductive and transparent electrode, even with the optimum thickness conditions, the transmittances were much lower than those of a single ITO layer on some ranges of the visible wavelength. In order to improve the transmittance, Ag layer was formed with mesh structure. Where, the thickness of the Ag layer was about 10 nm and the space between the Ag lines was varied from 2.9 ㎛ to 19.6 ㎛ with the fixed Ag width of about 1.2 ㎛ in order to vary an open ratio of the Ag mesh structure. The transmittance and sheet resistance in the ITO/Mesh-Ag/ITO multilayer structure were analyzed depending on the open ratio. As a result, a trade off in the open ratio was necessary in order to obtain the transmittance as high as possible and the sheet resistance as possible low. By the open ratio of about 86%, in the ITO/Mesh-Ag/ITO multilayer structure, the transmittance was nearly same as the single ITO layer and the sheet resistance was about 62.3 Ω/.