• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effect of row covering materials on the growth and yield of broccoli for early production in the open meld. Materials for plastic tunnel were row-covering (ventilating non-woven fabric), perforated film (2.3％ pore space) and P.E. film. The types of row covers were tunnel and covering period was one months after transplanting. The row cover and perforated film increased daily air and soil temperature by 3~4$^{\circ}C$ and 2~3$^{\circ}C$, respectively as compared to no covering. Also, relative humidities in those treatments were higher than those in P.E. and no covering. The row covering and perforated film enhanced plant growth. Broccoli grew best and abnormal head appeared the least with row covering treatment. Days taken for head formation, however, did not differ between treatments but the weight of curd was over 400 g in the treatment of row covering and perforated film covering. Marketable yield doubled under row covering as compared to no covering. The first harvest time was earlier by two weeks in row-covering. The results of this experiment indicated that covering row-cover film in spring cultivation was effective fer not only yield increase but also quality evaluation in early production of broccoli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.7
• /
• pp.824-831
• /
• 2009

In order to investigate the quality characteristics of powdered teas using Compositae species flower, the samples of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CI), Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (CB), and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam (CZ) were extracted with hot water and concentrated, and then mixed with different forming agents of dextrin (D) and maltodextrin (MD). The mixing ratio of D and MD was ranged from 9:1 (DMD91) to 8:2 (DMD82) or D and MD only. The solubility of the powdered tea was higher in added dextrin. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the powdered tea were 6.75 and 3.24 mg/g at CBDMD91, respectively. Total antioxidant activities of C. indicum, C. boreale, and C. zawadskii powdered tea ranged at $2.51{\sim}2.63$, $4.37{\sim}4.50$, and $3.44{\sim}3.55\;mg$ AA eq/g, respectively. In sensory evaluation, the C. indicum and C. zawadskii powdered teas obtained higher sensory score of all evaluation items than C. boreale powdered tea. The optimal mixing ratio at 36% of D and 4% of MD in forming agent was selected to enhance the sensory characteristics and antioxidant activities of powdered tea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.11
• /
• pp.1731-1736
• /
• 2014

The quality characteristics, enzyme activity, and antioxidative activity of fermented wild grass juices were investigated during fermentation and ripening for 6 months. Fermented wild grass juice was prepared from wild grasses (Oenothera biennis, Portulaca oleracea, and Rhus verniciflua) and sugar. Wild grasses and sugar mixed at the same ratio (1:1, w/w) and ripened at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months after fermentation for 3 months at $20^{\circ}C$. The $^{\circ}Bx$ of all fermented wild grass juices (FWGJ) decreased during fermentation. The pH of all FWGJ decreased gradually during fermentation and did not show any significant difference during ripening. Viscosity of FWGJ increased during fermentation but decreased during ripening periods in all tested samples. Total viable cell of FWGJ decreased after fermentation for 1 month, whereas lactic acid bacteria were not detected during fermentation. Enzyme activity was lower than 1 unit during fermentation and ripening period in all tested FWGJ samples. Enzyme activity of commercial FWGJ (Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Oenanthe javanica, Plantago asiatica L., Platycodon grandiflorum, Orostachys japonicus A.) showed lower activity of 1 unit following invertase, cellulase, and amylase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.746-751
• /
• 2015

The quality characteristics of Oenothera biennis juice (OJ) fermented with various concentrations of sugar solutions (50, 60, and $70^{\circ}Brix$) and at different temperatures (20 and $30^{\circ}C$) were investigated. The sugar concentration and pH of fermented OJ decreased during fermentation and more rapidly decreased at $30^{\circ}C$ rather than at $20^{\circ}C$. The number of total bacteria increased during 6 days of fermentation and decreased gradually thereafter, and coliform bacteria were not detected after 8 to 10 days of fermentation at 20 and $30^{\circ}C$. Enzyme activities (invertase, amylase, and cellulase) of fermented OJ with $50^{\circ}Brix$ sugar solution were the highest among the different treatments after fermentation for 4 days at $30^{\circ}C$. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging ability increased during fermentation. The highest total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging ability were 7.1 mg TAE/mL and 58.6%, respectively, when fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ with $50^{\circ}Brix$ sugar solution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2008

In this study, Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower tea was prepared according to different pan-firing times (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 min) and its quality characteristics were investigated. Total nitrogen and tannin contents increased with increasing pan-firing time, whereas chlorophyll and total amino acid (AA) contents decreased. The total AA contents of the samples ranged from 6,399 to 7,068 mg%, and the highest content (7,068 mg%) was found with the 10 min panfiring treatment. The AAs occurring in the C. indicum L. flower tea included glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which are desirable flavor components. As the pan-firing time increased, antioxidant activity as well as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were found in the 15 min treatment at levels of 13.85 mg tannic acid equiv./g and 9.77 mg catechin equiv./g, respectively. The 15 min pan-firing treatment also had the highest total antioxidant activity at 19.33 mg ascorbic acid equiv. eg/100 g. Finally, based on sensory evaluations, the 10 min pan-fired C. indicum L. flower tea had the best overall quality.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2001

Experiments were conducted to evaluate quality and vase life of cut rose 'Rote Rose' cultivated in soil or hydroponically in rockwool. Rose flower stems harvested in commercial greenhouses in Kimhae on May 27 and June 14, 1998 were transported for about two hours to a laboratory and recut in water to an uniform stem length of 45cm. The rose flowers harvested on the same day were displayed at a density of $10cm{\times}10cm$ and were subjected to the same environmental conditions in a growth chamber. The stems were put in four different preservative solutions, 0.5% Chrysal RVB, BS (2% sucrose+200ppm 8HQS+0.3% Chrysal RVB), Sonk1 (BS+0.1mM ethionine), and double distilled $H_2O$. Flower stems harvested on May 27 were displayed at $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, RH 60-70%, and light intensity of 220lux provided by fluorescent lamps for $16h{\cdot}d^{-1}$. Flower stems harvested on June 14 were displayed at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, RH 70-80%, and light intensity of 220lux provided by fluorescent lamps for $16h{\cdot}d^{-1}$. Fresh weight and flower diameter were affected by cultivation method, and were greater in hydroponically-grown roses than in soil-grown roses. Among the preservative solutions, BS and Sonk1 were superior to Chrysal RVB in terms of prolonging vase life. Vase life extension in Chrysal RVB, BS and Sonk1 over the control was about one day in both display temperatures. At $18^{\circ}C$ vase life was maintained for three to four additional days as compared to that at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2022

In this study, the quality characteristics of rice cookies supplemented with different types of insect powder (Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Gryllus bimaculatus) were assessed according to the quantity of insect powder used (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g). No significant differences were observed in rice cookie densities or water content. The pH value and spread factor decreased with increasing insect powder content (p<0.05); however, a significant increase was observed in the loss rate (p<0.05). Crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content significantly increased with higher concentrations of insect powder (p<0.05). Moreover, lightness and yellowness decreased, whereas redness increased with higher insect powder concentrations (p<0.05). Hardness significantly decreased, whereas the antioxidant capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals increased with higher insect powder concentrations (p<0.05). Finally, insect powder can prove a valuable resource in rice cookie production, considering its nutritional value, consumer preference, and antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2022

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of changes in the light environment caused by the daylight disturbance on the productivity and quality of the standard cut flower rose cultivar 'Monet'. It was artificially shaded to obstruct the sunlight and the productivity and growing characteristics of roses according to the time of daylight disturbance were investigated. The number of cut flowers per unit area (3.3m²) of the cut flower rose 'Monet' was 40 stems in the control, while in the 4-hour, 8-hour, and 12-hour treatments, it was 32, 29, and 25, respectively. As the daylight disturbance time was increased, the number of cut flowers showed a tendency to decrease. In the case of cut flower characteristics related to the quality of cut roses, all characteristics such as flower width, flower height, petal length, and petal width, decreased by 10 to 20% in the 12-hour treatment compared to the control. In addition, growth characteristics such as peduncle length, peduncle thickness, and cut flower height, which determine the marketability of cut roses, also tended to decrease as the daylight disturbance time increased. On the other hand, the number of days to flowering increased by 14.0% from 24.3 to 27.7. The overall growth characteristics were contracted and flowering was delayed as the time of daylight disturbance increased. In the results of this study, as the daylight disturbance time increased, flower size, cut flower length, and fresh weight was decreased. This is due to the decrease in the total photosynthetic amount as the daily average photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was decreased, resulting in a decrease in the quality of roses. It is judged that it is because they do not receive enough carbohydrates necessary for growth and development.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2018

Paeony has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, central inhibitory, gastric secretion inhibition, and antispasmodic activities. In addition, its antioxidant activity and whitening effect being reported, thus it is being explored as raw materials for cosmetics. We compared the changes in the contents of paeoniflorin and paeonol in Peony extracts, depending on the changes of extracting solvents, temperature and time. The HPLC method was set up for simultaneous analysis, the system suitabilities were confirmed by using the calibration curves and the QC samples for each assay batch. Paeonol was detected only in roots, and paeoniflorin was higher in leaf and flower than root. Higher concentrations of both ingredients were extracted when the root was used after grinding to a suitable size, and when 30% 1,3-butylene glycol was used as the extraction solvent. Also the concentrations tended to increase at higher temperature and longer time, but the increase was gradual at over $75^{\circ}C$ and 4 hours. The ratio of root, leaf and flower was determined to be 2+2+1g/0.5kg of batch, reaching the contents criteria of paeoniflorin and paeonol. Finally, we selected as the best extraction condition when the raw materials are mixed with 2+2+1g/0.5kg and extracted with 30% 1,3-butylene glycol as an extraction solvent at $75^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, considering both the concentrations of two components and the cost of raw materials and manufacturing process, The extraction units were scaled up to 10 kg under this condition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.733-737
• /
• 2003

To develop a high-valuable Korean traditional rice wine having antihypertension, effects of some cereal kojis and legumes on alcohol fermentation and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Korean traditional rice wine were investigated. Korean traditional rice wine brewed by addition of 10% Indian-millet koji into the mash showed the greatest ACE inhibitory activity of 43.0% and good ethanol productivity. The ACE inhibitory activity increased up to 69.2% by addition of 50% of mungbean powder and 1% of dandelion petal into the mash.