• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.139-155
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the effective policy on secondary childbirth encouragement of married women. The design for this study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Samples were collected from 322 women who have one child younger than 6 years old. The instruments for this study was a questionnaire consisted of items about policy on childbirth encouragement. The data were analyzed by chi-square test, Mann-whitney's U test, and logistic regression with SPSS 17.0 program. The results showed that the employed women's intention of having a second child was affected by the age, working day per week, and policy on childbirth. But, in case of unemployed women, both of demographic and policy variables were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that different policy on support of birth, work-family life balance, and various tax benefits be developed to satisfy the needs of the employed women and the unemployed women.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate how work-family spillover differed by employment status of married women and to identify factors related to the differences. This study drew a sample of 332 self-employers, 181 unpaid family workers, and 1,053 wage workers from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. It was found that negative work-family spillover did not differ by employment status of married women. However, positive work-family spillover was found the lowest in family workers. The regression analysis showed that the difference remained after controlling socio-demographic characteristics, average working hours, and the number of days off per week. The factors related to negative spillover were age, the presence of young children, working hours, and the number of days off. Findings from this study suggest that family workers are most disadvantaged in terms of work-family spillover. Yet there is no policy developed for them. Family policy needs to take them into account in planning and implementing services.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Much research has focused on the conflict and balance between work and family. Yet few studies examine how women feel in balancing these two roles. In that regard, this study examines how married working women feel balanced between work and family as well as the levels of support availability/demand that exists. The level of sense of balance regarding work-family is average. Sense of balance is related to age, income, work hours, size of workplace, numbers of family friendly policies, the family's attitude to woman's work, and the level of balancing strategies used. The demand for support is higher than the availability of support. Both factors are related to working hours and balancing strategies, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2004

This study analyzes the critical factors that decide the job continuity of married women after one of their life events, childbirth. It is based on the employment data from KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study). Vols. 1-4, having observed 128 young mothers who gave birth to children after 1997. The analysis showed that women's employment after their maternity leave depend on whether new mother return to their previous job or not. The Following results are obtained: First, women's age, education, availability of caretakers for their children, and family income have a positive effect on the women's return to their pre-leave employers after childbirth. Second, professional or office work and the frequency of job transition before childbirth have a positive effect on women's employment in new jobs after childbirth. Third, women's age, availability of caretakers of their children, and professional or office work are critical factors that have a positive effect on women's job continuity after childbirth, whereas the frequency of job transitions has a negative effect on employment for women.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-44
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• 1996

Wornen's lahor market participation as well as the policy concern for wider utilization of married women, have continuously grown up. However, research efforts on the determinants of women's labor market participation, in the context of the relationship hetween life courses and active entry into lahor market, has been far behind the growing interest in this field. This study has conducted an event histoiry analysis of women's labor market transition utilizing personal occupational history data collected by the Korea Institute for Women's Development in 1991. The analysis is divided into tow parts: First part introduces logit regression to analyze the determinants of women's labor market participation and exit. The second part employs Cox regression to see the variation of transition rate between employment and non-employment. The result shows that there is a wide variation in women's labor market participation according to age, cohort, and family formation. Special note is needed for the significantly negative effect of marriage and child birth on labor market participation. The transition pattern of lower class women with less education fits well to the prediction of neo-classical economics; but the tendency of highly educated women's regression to non-employment reveals the strong influence of the unfavorable labor market structure, which can be better explained by the neo-structuralist perspective. There is a strong trade-off between productive and reproductive labor of women, which can only be corrected by strong policy implementation, such as extended child care facilities, abolition of discriminatory employment practices, and expansion of flexible part-time employment.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-90
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• 2003

This study aims to discover patterns of Korean women's life course in terms of their life time sequence of family roles and economic activity. Primary factors for the change and diversity of family-work role sequence are also examined. Data used in this study is the Fourth Survey of Korean Women's Economic Activity which was conducted by Korean Institute of Women Development (KIWD) in 2002. According to the main results, five distinctive patterns of life course are to be disentangled for ever married women: First, doing simultaneously family and work roles with no maternal leave (13.7%); second, reentry into labor market after maternal leave (M type, 18.6%); third, no reentry into labor market after maternal leave (latent M type, 26.9%); fourth, first job entry after child rearing (23.5%); and finally, no work experience (17.3%). The relative composition of the respective life course has changed over marriage cohorts. M type including latent M type became a dominant life pattern among married women since marriage cohorts of 1980 and later. The share of married women who begin to work first after maternal role or have no work experience has declined with recent marriage cohorts. It is also noted that the share of women with simultaneous family and work roles has increased among marital cohorts of 1990 and later. Marriage cohort differences being controlled, life patterns significantly differ by women's educational level, existence of role model of working mother at growth, women's own and husbands' gender role attitude, and family economy. Finally, some policy concerns for gender role division of family and work are raised.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.80-92
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• 2001

The labor participation rate of women are increasing, especially for married and 30 and over aged women in Korea. Marital role quality might be regarded as an influencing factor on quality of life or health status. The purpose of this study is to investigate influencing factors on quality of marital role for Korean employed women with husband. Data were collected from 323 mothers of students at 3 kindergartens, 2 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 4 high schools in metropolitan area, during 1998.8~1998.12. they were dual-earner couples, and were employed over one year. Response rate is 62.3%. Quality of marital role was measured using Role Quality Scale developed by Park, June & Kim(1999). This instrument is based on Role Rewards and Concerns Scale of Barnett et al.(1993) for quality of marital role. Quality of marital role is made of 19 items and the subfactors are doing households, satisfaction with husband, and relationship with husband The scale has good internal consistency (Cronbach $\alpha$= 0.90). The findings of this study show that age, monthly average household income, husband's occupation, husband's attitude for wife's employment, and the perceived equity for labor division between couples are significant variables for quality of marital role. But education, career years, working hours per week, occupation, monthly average wage, and marital years are not significant. 33.81% of the variance in quality of martal role were accounted for by these variables.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

In Korea, in the process of transition from a rural society to an industrial society, the opportunities for women's economic participation increased relatively. As a result, the marriage age of women increased, and it was recognized that the economic opportunity cost of married women and their participation in economic activities lead to low birthrates. In particular, it is time for an empirical analysis to determine whether workplace types affect the fertility rate. To this end, we analyzed the effect of workplace type on fertility using the labor panel data from 2003 to 2018. The results are as follows. A statistically significant negative relationship was drawn when unemployed women were compared with women employed in the private sector. However, there was no statistically significant effect when comparing unemployed women with women working in the public sector.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.53-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the working married women's perception on the effect of work on household economy. The household economy was examined in three aspects; income, assets, and consumption patterns, along with the contribution and the satisfaction of working married women with respect to their income by work Four hundred thirty working married women with the first child of less than middle school were surveyed, with questionnaires from March 25 to April 22 of 2005, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results were as follows: the reasons of working married women for work were making an affluent living, showing their ability, wanting for work, and making a living in order. The perceived degree of their income contribution to household income was on the average about $42.53\%$. They perceived the spending in time-saving consumption items, child-rearing consumption items, and personal consumption items to be decreased, if they were not working. Their work was helpful in saving, insurance and investment, debt payment, money for old life, money for housing, money for emergency. About $69\%$ of working married women perceived their income contribution to their household income as being high.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.325-350
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• 2011

This article examines part-time work in the UK in terms of its characteristics and institutional contexts. Part-time jobs developed early due to the UK's liberal market institution and low level of public support for female employment. A large proportion of the employed women (about 40 percent) work part-time. Part-time work has been largely for married women. The expansion of part-time work in the UK was primarily market-driven and led by employers. Married women have worked part-time work primarily to accommodate their family responsibilities. There have been significant changes in labor market regulation in the UK since 1997. The Labor government legislated the Part-time Workers Regluations in 2000 to protect part-time workers. The government has also changed and newly implemented various laws and policies for work-life balance. There has been a real progress in improving the quality of part-time work overall. Nevertheless, we have not seen qualitatively different results in terms of female employment patterns and the qualify of part-time work so far. It has been largely constrained by the government's liberal orienation and voluntarism of labor relations in the UK.