• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is to determine the effects of magnetics therapy on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea among female college students. Methods : 20 female college students in a university are selected to the experimental group. All of the subjects have the score of more than 6 on the visual analogue scale for measuring the level of premenstrual pain. The data was collected by using questionnaires. The magnetics therapy on the Dong Shi Acupuncture Therapy extra points (婦科, 還巢, 木婦, 門金) was administered to the experimental group. Results : The results were as follows. The first hypothesis is supported ; the experimental group who received magnetics therapy on the Dong Shi Acupuncture will decrease premenstrual syndrome. The second hypothesis is supported ; the experimental group who received magnetics therapy on the Dong Shi Acupuncture will decrease dysmenorrhea. Conclusions : As a result of this study, magnetics therapy on the Dong Shi Acupuncture will be able to be used as the self care therapy to improve the symptoms of females with the premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.209-236
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to investigate pathogenic factor and medicine of ja-shi(자시) by referring to literatures. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In oriental medicine, Chashi(차시), Hamshichang(함시창), Hamshi(함시), Jabal(자발), Shichang(시창), Nojaon(로자온), Hamaon(하마온), Jokshiong(적시옹), Hamshidok(함사독), Tabshijong(탑사종), Shijong(시종) were the other names of ja-shi(자시). 2. The pathogenic factors of ja-shi(자시) are wind-heat, wetness-heat, Kihyeolungche(기혈응체), stomach-heat. wetness, wind wetness, and liking greasy and sweet food. 3. In the internal therapy of ja-shi(자시), Bojesodokum(普濟消毒飮), Sasunchunglyangum(四順淸凉飮), Takljsodoksan(托裏消毒散), Shihogalguntang(柴胡葛根湯), Sungsohwan(醒消丸), Gamisodokum(加味消毒飮) and etc. were used. And Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草), Fructus forsythiae(連翹), Radix angelicae gogantis(當歸), Radix scutellariae(황기), Radix bupleuri(柴胡), Radix p]atycodi(桔梗), Radix Ledebounellae(防風), Frustus arctii(牛蒡子), Rhizoma cimicifugae(升麻) and ete. were used as medicine. 4. In the external therapy of ja-shi(자시), Youigumhwangsan(如意金黃散), Okiogo(玉露膏), Igumsan(二金散), Gumhwangsan(金黃膏), Nungo(嫩膏) and etc. were used. And Radix angelicae dahuricae(白芷), Cortex phellodendri(黃栢), Rhizoma rhei(大黃), Indigo maturalis(靑黛), Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草) and etc. were used as medicine.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.261-265
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• 2001

소아의 소화성궤양은 소아 소화계질환 중에서 발병율이 점차 늘어나고 있는 추세에 있다. 최근 소아과에서 내시경의 활용이 활발해지면서 장기적으로 반복하여 위완통(胃脘痛), 변혈 (便血)및 구혈(嘔血)이 나타나는 경우 궤양성질환의 가능성이 높은 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 본원에서는 유명한 중의사 왕붕비(王鵬飛) 교수의 비완통(脾脘痛) 치험방을 토대로 많은 임상을 거쳐 위평충제(胃平沖劑)를 개발하여 1992년6월부터 1997년12월까지 위내시경 검사를 통하여 위궤양으로 진단된 98명의 소아환자에게 투여하여 관찰한 바 만족스러운 효과가 나타나 이를 보고한다. 위평충제(胃平衝劑)의 처방구성은 자초(紫草), 청대(靑黛), 곽향(藿香), 유향(乳香), 회향(茴香), 정향(丁香), 황련(黃連), 적석지(赤石脂), 황정(黃精) 등이다. 한의학적 이론에 따르면 불규칙하고 자극성이 강한 음식섭취 습관은 비위(脾胃)를 손상시켜 중주(中州)를 옹체(壅滯)시키므로 기(氣)의 원활한 소통이 이루어지지 않으면 부통즉통(不通卽痛)의 기전으로 발전한다. 또한 근래 소아들이 각종 정신적인 압박으로 스트레스가 쌓이면서 간기울결(肝氣鬱結)을 초래하여 울화(鬱火)로 인하여 혈락(血絡)이 손상되면서 출혈증상이 나타난다. 왕교수의 견해에 따르면 체내에 어혈이 제거되지 않으면 기혈(氣血)의 순환이 더욱 악화되어 어적(瘀積)이나 궤양 또는 경새(梗塞) 등을 일으키게 된다고 하였다. 따라서 위평충제(胃平沖劑)는 활혈화어(活血化瘀), 청열해독(淸熱解毒)과 더불어 익기양위(益氣養胃), 거어지통(祛瘀止痛)의 효능이 있는 약물들로 구성되었다. 동물실험에서 위평충제(胃平衝劑)는 궤양표면을 보호하고 치유하며 재발을 방지하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 위액의 분비, 위단백질효소의 활성에 대한 억제 및 진통효과도 있는 것으로 입증되었다.행하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 단순한 중약 투여는 일부 양약에 의한 소아성장에 미치는 영향을 피할 수 있어 더 많은 임상연구가 이어져야 한다.(當歸) 목단피(牧丹皮) 울김(鬱金) 정력자(?歷子) 세신(細辛) 오미자(五味子) 구기자(枸杞子) 산수황육(山茱黃肉) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 비신양허형(脾腎陽虛型)은 온보비신(溫補脾腎) 화어척담(化瘀滌痰)을 원칙으로 하며, 처방에는 구마황( 灸麻黃) 세신(細辛) 오미자(五味子) 당귀(當歸) 단삼(丹蔘) 울김(鬱金) 정력자(?歷子) 반하(半夏) 보골지(補骨脂) 선령비(仙靈脾) 태자삼(太子蔘) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 치험(治驗): (1) 천식의 실증(實證)은 치료를 한 뒤 완화단계에 접어들면서 허증(虛證)으로 전화되는데, 허천(虛喘)도 역시 천식이니 만큼 단순히 보법(補法)만 사용하여서는 안된다. 시종일관 천식치료에는 척담화어(滌痰化瘀)의 원칙을 지켜야 한다. 폐내(肺內)의 담어(痰瘀)가 철저하게 제거되어야 폐(肺)의 순환기능을 개선시켜 기도(氣道)의 염증을 신속히 흡수하고 치유할 수 있다. 이와 같은 치료과정은 약 3-6개월이 필요하다. 완화단계의 기간이 길어질수록 완치될 확률도 높아진다. (2) 급성기 천식은 폐(肺)를 다스려야 한다. 폐(肺)를 다스리는 방법에는 선폐(宣肺), 청폐(淸肺), 온폐(溫肺), 윤폐(潤肺) 및 척담거어(滌痰祛瘀) 등이 있다. (3) 증상이 완화되면 신(腎)을 다스린다. 천식은 신허(腎虛)가 근본적인 원인이므로 완화단계에서 심지어 발작기에도 보신제(補腎劑)를 추가하여 사용하면 배의 효과를 얻을 수 있다. (4) 비(脾)의 기능을 강화하여 근본을 채우는 부비배본(扶脾培本)도 중요하다. 후천의 수곡정미(水穀精微)로 선천을 충족시키고 자양하는 것은 질병에 대한 저항력을

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

Purpose : 자하거(Hominis Placenta; HP)는 건강한 사람의 태반을 홍제(烘製)하여 건조한 것으로 한의학에서는 기혈(氣血)을 대보(大補)하고 신정(腎精)을 보익(補益)시켜 구병(久病)으로 인한 신체허약(身體虛弱)이나 혹은 체질허약(體質虛弱)과 혈기부족(氣血不足) 및 신허정휴(腎虛精虧) 등 등(證)을 치료(治療)하는데 단미(單味) 또는 복방(複方)에 배오(配伍)하여 쓰여왔다. 또한 자하거는 면역학적으로 골대사 활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 본 연구에서는 자하거의 항골다공증 활성을 분자세포생물학적으로 검정하고자 하였다. Methods : Osteoblast cells에서 자하거가 COX-2 mRNA의 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생합성을 억제시키는지를 관찰하기 위해 먼저 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-${\beta}$ 와 IL-6를 처리한 후 $PGE_2$의 생합성과 더불어 COX-2 mRNA의 발현을 확인하였다. 그 후 TGF-${\beta}$, 자하거(紫河車)와 이 둘의 조합인 자하거+TGF-${\beta}$가 COX-2 mRNA 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생합성을 저해시키는지 관찰하였다. 또한 자하거가 IL-1${\beta}$로 유발된 흰쥐의 과칼슘혈증을 감소시키는지를 확인하였다. Results : IL-6, IL-1${\beta}$와 TNF-${\alpha}$를 동시에 처리하면 이것을 단독으로 처리한 것과 비교해 볼 때 $PGE_2$의 생합성과 더불어 COX-2 mRNA의 수치가 상승작용을 일으키며 증가하였다. TGF-${\beta}$, 자하거와 이 둘의 조합인 자하거+TGF-${\beta}$은 COX-2 mRNA 발현, $PGE_2$ 생합성 및 골재흡수를 감소시켰다. 자하거(紫河車)는 IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6 각각 또는 이들의 조합으로 인해 증가하는 COX-2 mRNA 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생성을 감소시키는 반면 COX-1 mRNA 발현에는 유의성 있는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 한편 자하거는 농도의존적으로 IL-1${\beta}$로 유발된 흰쥐의 과칼슘혈증을 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 흰쥐의 두개골 골아세포에서 $PGE_2$ 생산에 대한 IL-${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6의 상승작용이 COX-2의 유전자 발현 증가에 기인함을 보여주었다. Conclusions : 이러한 결과들로부터 자하거가 골대사과정중 골재흡수를 억제하는데 효과적임을 밝히게 되었으며, 자하거의 골다공증의 억제기전이 골재흡수관련 단백질들의 전사조절에 있음을 최초로 해명하게 되었다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.856-870
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• 2008

Objectives : Consumption is a chronic wasting disease and major portion of Oriental Medicine's therapy. However, there is no standard diagnostic method for consumption that is $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$. Methods : A questionnaire which includes symptoms and signs for diagnosis of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$ was evaluated by Delphi technique. Each question was valuated by interviewing 27 oriental medicine doctors. Then. we choose questions given over 5 points and reorganized some items according to the recommendations by interviewed-doctors. We then accessed the value of re-organized questions composing of the questionnaires. Conclusion : We finally chose each 9 items of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$'s questionnaire. Further study is necessary for modification of questionnaire by statistics and certification by clinical trial.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate effects of herbal preparations formulated(Gihyeolgwanjeolbang-A, CWS-A) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Method : Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left knee joint and paw, and the herbal preparations formulated(CWS-A I, 82.3 mg/kg ; CWS-A II, 164.6 mg/kg) was administered orally (i.g.) for 10 consecutive days beginning on day 10 after the injection. External shape, paw edema, inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and histological observation were assessed. Result : In swelling of the paw, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group in 15 days and 20 days were significantly reduced compared to controls. In serum ALT, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group were significantly reduced compared to controls. In TNF-${\alpha}$, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group were a tendency reduced compared to controls. In HGB, HCT, MCHC of erythrocytes, CWS-A II group was increased compared to controls. In histological observations, CWS-A II group was observed synoviocytes more than control group and was observed proteoglycans in the deep layers. Conclusion : The data suggest that CWS-A significant anti-arthritic effects that may be mediated by suppressing inflammatory parameters.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.880-891
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• 2010

This study is about a comparison of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension groups regarding comprehensive diagnosis of Qi blood water and quality of life. We surveyed "controlled and uncontrolled hypertension patients" using questionnaires for comprehensive diagnosis of Qi blood water, SF-36 and HTN QoL (Measurement Scale for the quality of life in hypertensive patients). There was no difference in comprehensive diagnosis of Qi blood water between the controlled and uncontrolled hypertension groups. Within the controlled hypertension group, the patients diagnosed with a Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, Qi counterflow, blood deficiency, and water retention received lower total scores in SF-36 and HTN QoL than in undiagnosed patients. Within the uncontrolled hypertension group, the patients diagnosed with Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, and water retention got lower total scores in SF-36 and HTN QoL than in undiagnosed patients. These results were statistically significant. These results are insufficient that we and use comprehensive diagnosis of Qi blood water for a diagnosis tool of hypertension. But if we have better studies that make up for weak points, these results will help to make a diagnosis tool for hypertension.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.123-140
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• 2014

Objectives : As there was no sufficient research done on Sasang (four harms: 氣[qi], 血[blood], 痰[phlegm], and 鬱[congestion]), which serves as a precept in treatment of miscellaneous diseases, in contrast with 'Yang is always teeming whereas Yin is always scarce' and 'Sanghwa-ron', which are Judangye's major theories, I have come to work on it. I expect that with this, we can understand Judangye's medical theory and therapy for a variety of diseases. Methods : To begin with, I take a look at the definition of Sasang. And then, I make selections of theories and therapy related to Sasang from Gyeokchiyeoron(格致餘論) and Geumgweguhyeon(金匱鉤玄), which are Judangye's writings. My study follows the order of energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion. Results : Through Gyeokchiyeoron, I have learned more about Judangye's theory on how energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion cause diseases. And as for therapy, I have tapped into Geumgweguhyeon to use sagunja-tang(四君子湯) for drained energy, samul-tang(四物湯) for drained blood, ijin-tang(二陳湯) for phlegm, and wolguk-hwan(越鞠丸) for congestion, thus verifying the originality of Judangye's theory. Conclusions : "Judangye for miscellaneous diseases" was confirmed through his treatments for energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion. And his idea of Yang-eum(養陰 'nurturing yin') is now reflected in therapy for miscellaneous diseases, now serving as a study that provides a comprehensive understanding of Judangye's medical theories.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2014

The study was performed to determine the reliability and validity of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ)' for the 100 subjects with chronic fatigue. After 100 subjects respond to the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ', Korean medical doctor classified the subjects into 4 groups such as Qi deficiency group, Blood deficiency group, Yin deficiency group and Yang deficiency group. 100 subjects were retested in the same way after 3 weeks. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' was excellent (Cronbach alpha 0.916). Test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.699). Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' consisted of 4 factors. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'Qi deficiency', 'Yin deficiency', 'Yang deficiency' and 'Blood deficiency' respectively. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.269-288
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• 2007

"표유부(標幽賦)"포라료침구경락적기본이론화자오유주침법(包羅了鍼灸經絡的基本理論和子午流注鍼法) 유주팔법등침구임상이론(流注八法等鍼灸臨床理論), 역우기송(易于기송), 통과대차(通過對此)"표유부(標幽賦)"급역대주석가대(及歷代注釋家對) "표유부(標幽賦)" 주석적연구(注釋的硏究). 금득출여하결론(今得出如下結論): 1. "표유부(標幽賦)"중출현적두한경적학술사상(中出現的竇漢卿的學術思想), 시재계승(是在계承)"내경(內經)"화(和)"난경(難經)"적침구학(的鍼灸學), 이론적기본상(理論的基本上), 진일보발전이성적(進一步發展而成的). 대후세침구학적발전산생료중요적영향(對後世鍼灸學的發展産生了重要的影響). 2. 유우폐경적경기유운문혈수출(由于肺經的經氣由雲門穴輸出), 연경락순행체표(沿經絡循行體表), 우시사운문혈구유료통경행기적주치작용(于是使雲門穴具有了通經行氣的主治作用), 고이불설'혈출중부'(故而不說'穴出中府'), 이제출'혈출운문'(而提出'穴出雲門'), 저시두한경재침구이론방면적독도지외(抵是竇漢卿在鍼灸理論方面的獨到之外). 3. 소우침구보사(소于鍼灸補瀉), 인위수지보사법적작용중우호흡보사(인위手指補瀉法的作用重于呼吸補瀉), 제시료순(提示了循), 문, 제(堤), 안(按), 탄(彈), 염, 차, 반(盤), 추, 내(內), 동(動), 요(搖), 조(爪), 절적십사종침자보사수법(切的十四종鍼刺보瀉手法). 4. 제출침자전요관찰확인침구유무이상손상(提出鍼刺前要觀察確인鍼具有无이常損상), 시침전요냉침온난(施鍼前要냉鍼온暖), 시침시요예방절침화피부근육적손상(施鍼時要預防折鍼和皮膚筋肉的損傷), 제출좌수당중이다안침혈(提出左手當重而多按鍼穴), 우수경이서서염전자입적수법(右手경而徐徐捻轉자入的手法), 인위사용쌍수진침위호(인위使用쌍手進鍼위好). 5. 호침가관통경락기혈운행적통로(毫鍼可관通經絡氣血運行的通路), 여오행상응(與五行相應), 인이가평오장지한열(因而可平五臟之寒熱), 가조육부지허실(可調六腑之虛實), 유견사부정지공(有견邪扶正之功), 재구침중응용최위광범(在九鍼中응用最위광泛). 6. 제출침자시요관찰본신(提出鍼刺時要관察本神), 대우'본신'구체가간주시환자적'맥기'화'혈기'(對于'本神'具체可看做是患者的'脈氣'和'穴氣'), 종대적방면간가간주시환자적정신(종大的方面看可看做是患者的精神). 7. 제시료참조전후좌우지혈정확취혈적방법(提示了參照前後左右之血正確取穴的方法), 여참조주변경락확정경락적방법(여參照周邊經絡確定經絡的方法), 병강조요준조골도분촌화굴신수족관절적방법취혈재능취혈정확(병强調要遵照骨度分寸和屈伸手足關節的方法取穴才能取穴正確). 8. 소우두면오관(소于頭面五官).인후경항(咽喉頸項).흉복부(胸腹部), 요배부(腰背部), 부인(婦人) 소아(小兒) 사지등질환(四肢等疾患), 개소료침구치료적경험화심득(介沼了療鍼灸治療的經驗和心得), 제시료자오유주축일안시개혈침법여영구팔법등안시취혈침법(提示了子午流注逐日按時開穴鍼法여靈驅八法等按時取穴鍼法), 성위후세각종안시개혈침법적기초(成위後世各種按時開穴鍼法的基초).