• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.741-747
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• 2010

The feasibility of using ammonium (${NH_4}^+$) and potassium ($K^+$)-loaded zeolite (NK-Z) as a slow-release fertilizer to control nitrogen and potassium supply was investigated in this study. The growth responses, which were determined in terms of shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and fresh fruit weight, were greater in plants treated with NK-Z than in those treated with chemical fertilizers (CF) after 18 weeks of transplantation. The total fruit weight per plant in treated with NK-Z as the basal and additional fertilizer (ZBAF) was 14.89% higher than that of CF. The nitrogen and potassium contents in NK-Z amended soils were higher than those in CF amended soils in the final stage of plant growth. The ammonium nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) concentration in ZBAF amended soils was 63.41% higher than that in CF amended soils.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.149-152
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• 1968

In order to establish a effective application method of compost and phosphorus fertilizer for rice plant, a field experiment has been conducted and the variation of the organic matter content in soils has been observed. The results may be summarized as follows. 1. It was more effective to split the application time into basic and in 2 weeks before the young premodia formation for the yield increase of rice grain than to applicate once basic, and it was apparent that the lesser amount of organic matter during the growing period of rice was consumed, the higher yield of rice grain was resulted. 2. The combined application of compost and phosphorus fertilizer showed a tendency to raise higher the grain yield than the separated application. 3. It was suggested that the split application of compost bring yield increase of rice grain.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2018

관상용, 식용 및 약용으로도 이용되는 석죽목 석죽과의 여러해살이풀인 오랑캐장구채는 국내에서는 중부 이북지방의 유용 자생식물로 조경산업에의 이용가치가 크나, 이용성 증대 등을 위한 재배기술은 미흡하다. 지피식물용 재배조건의 구축을 위하여 2017년 7월 31일부터 10월 9일까지 약 10주간 본 연구를 수행하였다. 실험재료로 종자에서 육묘한 유묘를 사용하였으며, 유묘의 소질, 이식조건 및 재배관리에 대한 생육의 영향을 조사하였다. 유묘의 소질로는 162구 트레이에서 cell당 4립씩 파종하여 육묘된 유묘가 초장 및 건물중이 높았고, 특히 4립 파종구는 마디수를 제외한 생육량이 다른 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 큰 차이가 있었다. 경제성을 고려할 때, 상토는 혼합비료(N-P-K) $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$가 첨가된 마사토:피트모스(3:1) 혼용토를 충진한 처리구가 효과적이었다. 또한, 코트비료의 기비처리는 포트당 20알 처리구에서 지하부 생체중이 무거웠으나, 엽면적 등 다른 생육량을 고려할 때 기비하지 않은 처리가 효과적이다. 재배관리에 있어서 차광처리는 습기 등의 환경에 약한 유묘의 특성상 차광하지 않고 배치하는 것이 모든 생육량이 높았다. 이식 후에는 추비처리를 하는 것이 효과적이며, 추비농도는 엽수 등을 고려할 때 $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ hyponex이 적합하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

This study was conducted to identify the effects of slow release fertilizer (LCU) on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice as an irrigation water-saying cultural system. During 1999-2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plant height and culm length during the total growth duration were the longest and panicle umber per $m^2$ was the highest in 100% LCU application rate. Leaf area index and top dry weight were the highest in the 100% LCU application rate. They increased as more LCU was applied. Nitrogen uptake was the highest in 100% LCU application, and N use efficiency was the highest in LCU 60% + FP (fertilization at panicle formation stage) 20% application. Milled rice yield was 7% higher in 100% LCU application rate than that of conventional N application. Ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ, but panicle number per $m^2$ and grain number per m2 were the highest at 100% LCU application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 2008년 전라남도 나주시 반남지역과 노안지역 두 곳의 벼 농가포장에서 유기재배 및 관행(일반)재배 시험을 수행하고 벼 병충해발생, 생육 및 수량, 그리고 쌀의 품위 및 품질을 비교 분석하였다. 시험의 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 벼 병충해 방제는 노안지역 관행재배는 2회, 반남지역 관행재배는 4회 실시하였으며 유기재배는 노안, 반남지역 모두 2회 실시하였다. 포장에서 벼 병해충은 줄무늬잎마름병, 잎도열병, 이삭도열병, 잎집무늬마름병, 흰잎마름병, 혹명나방, 멸구류가 주로 발생하였다. 벼 병해충 중 잎도열병, 이삭도열병, 혹명나방은 관행재배보다 유기재배에서 발생이 많았다. 2) 벼생육상황은 간장이나 수장은 관행재배에 비해 유기재배에서 약간 짧은 경향이었다. 노안지역은 유기재배의 경우 관행재배에 비해 주당수수는 0.6개 정도 많았으나 수당입수, 등숙비율, 정현비율, 현미 천립중이 낮았다. 반면 반남지역은 유기재배의 경우 관행재배에 비해 주당수수는 0.8개 정도 적었으나 수당입수와 등숙비율은 높았고 정현비율은 낮았다. 전체 수량은 유기재배가 관행재배에 비해 노안지역은 84% 수준이고, 반남지역은 94% 수준이었다. 3) 쌀의 품위는 노안지역과 반남지역 두 지역 모두 완전립율이 관행 재배보다 유기재배에서 낮은 경향을 보였다. 쌀의 품질은 반남지역의 경우 유기재배시 기비로 사용한 질소가 관행재배에 비해 많아서 늦게 비효가 발현되어 이삭도열병, 혹명나방 피해가 발생하여 관행재배에 비해 단백질, 취반미 윤기치값이 낮았다. 반면 노안지역의 경우 유기재배시 기비로 사용한 질소가 관행재배에 비해 적어서 관행재배보다 단백질, 백도, 취반미 윤기치 값 등에서 양호하게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 소비자들에게 홍보하여 이들로부터 소비를 촉진케 함으로써 벼 유기재배 농가의 소득증대에 기어코자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 1986

The investigation was conducted to find out amounts and ratios of N, P and K fertilizers applied on rice in 410 farmers' fields. The application ranges of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively, were 15.4-16.3, 7.6-8.0 and 8.2-8.5kg/10a for high yielding varieties, and 13.1-13.8, 7.0-7.1 and 6.4-7.7kg/10a for ordinary varieties. N fertilizer was applied in the ratio of 56% at basal dressing, 34% at tillering, 9% at panicle formation and 1% at heading stage. The amounts of soil amendment application were 179-192kg/10a for silicate, 1,031-1,360kg/10a for compost, 420-540kg/10a for rice straw, and 17.8-25.2 ton/10a for red earth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2007

As protein content of milled rice, generally used as a benchmark for rice eating quality, is greatly affected by N fertilization and nutrition status of rice plant, understanding its response to nitrogen rate and plant nitrogen status at different growth stage is important for recommending N fertilizer management for high quality rice production. The responses of milled-rice protein content were compared and quantified under various combinations of basal+tillering and panicle N application levels in 2001 and 2002. Protein content of milled rice was ranged from 6 to 9%, increasing significantly with increasing basal+tillering and panicle N rates. However, milled rice protein content was raised much greater by panicle N than by basal+tillering N fertilization. Even though basal+tillering N increased up to 20 kg/ha, protein content of milled rice was observed less than 7% in case that panicle N was applied below 1.8 kg/10a. Regression analysis revealed that nitrogen accumulated until harvest was partitioned with almost constant rates of 58.3% and 46.5% to panicle and milled rice, respectively. The partitioning rates was slightly but not significantly different between experimental years. Protein content of milled rice showed linear and quadratic responses to the shoot N accumulation until panicle initiation stage (PIS) ant shoot nitrogen accumulation from PIS to harvest, respectively. The increment of milled-rice protein content per unit N increase was much greater in shoot N accumulation from PIS to harvest than in that until PIS. Regardless of shoot N accumulation until PIS upto 8 kg/10a, protein content of milled rice was lower than 7% and ranged from 6.5 to 7.5% in case that shoot N accumulation from PIS to harvest was below 3.0 kg/10a and below 6.0 kg/10a respectively. It would be concluded that even under the same N accumulation until harvest milled rice protein content could be different according to the N fertilizer management and weather condition especially during ripening, providing rooms for controlling protein content by N fertilizer management without damage to grain yield.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.736-745
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• 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various pre-planting $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios on the growth of plug seedlings of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage. With fixation of the pre-planting N concentrations to $300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in a peatmoss+coir dust+perlite (3.5:3.5:3, v/v/v) medium, the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios were varied to 0:100, 27:73, 50:50, 73:27, 100:0. Then, the each of root media containing various ratios of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ as well as equal concentrations of other essential nutrients was packed into 72-cell plug trays. After seeds of 'Bool-am No.3' Chinese cabbage were sown, the seedling growths were measured 2 and 4 weeks after sowing. The weekly analysis of root media and end-crop tissue analysis for mineral nutrients 4 weeks after seed sowing were also conducted. As the seedlings grew up, the pH of the root media increased, however ECs in all treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ ratios decreased. The concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in root media were higher in the treatments of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (73:27) than those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) and $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (27:73) 2 weeks after seed sowing. But the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Zn were get lowered in all treatments and the differences among treatments were not significant 4 weeks after sowing. The highest $NH_4{^+}$ and lowest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations of the root media were observed in the $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) among all treatments. Contrary to these, the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (0:100) had the lowest $NH_4{^+}$ and highest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations. The seedling growth in terms of fresh and dry weights of aerial part were the highest in the treatment of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (23:73) at 2 weeks after sowing and those of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (50:50) at 4 weeks after sowing. The survival rate of seedlings in $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$ (100:0) treatment were 19% and the growth of aerial part 4 weeks after sowing was the poorest among all treatments tested. The results mentioned above indicate that the pre-planting $NH_4{^+}$ ratio in inert media should not exceed 25% in plug stage 1 through 3 (until 2 true leaf development) and 50% in plug stage 4 (after 2 true leaves to transplant).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 1993

The use of fertilizer N is essential for maximum economic yield of crops. Meanwhile, enrichment of $NO_3^-$in the environment has to be avoided. Winter barley crop has a short duration of growth before winter, but is used to receive N greater than 60 kg/ha at seeding. Experiments were performed to determine the quantitative aspect of the fate of soil applied urea N among the residual, leached, and uptaken by winter barley (cv. Olbori), and to evaluate the effect of soil temperature on nitrification. Four levels of urea (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha) was basal-dressed to Olbori. $NH_4^+$ appeared dominant in the soil until 40 days after seeding, whereas $NO_3^-$ did thereafter. Nitrification rate at $5^{\circ}C$ of soil temperature was 40 to 50% of that at $15^{\circ}C. Linear increases in the number of ammonia oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing bacteria of the soil was present as the level of urea fertilization was higher. Less than 60% of N applied at seeding was uptaken by winter barley until mid-March but 50% was lost from death of older barley leaves during overwintering. Thereby only 10% of the applied N remained in the barley in spring. Only 15% of the applied N was present in the rhizosphere. The 17 to 20% of the soil applied N leached out as $NO_3^-$ the rhizosphere. Nitrogen leaching during winter was estimated to be 16 and 20 kg/ha when the basal application level of urea fertilization was 80 and 120 kg/ha, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

Objective of this research was to develop root media containing expanded rice hull (ERH) and carbonized rice hull (CRH). To achieve this, the physico chemical properties of two materials were analysed and blended with peatmoss (PM) or coir dust (CD) with various ratio. Based on the physical properties of the blended materials, 4 root media were selected for future experiment. After the analysis of pH and EC of the selected root media, the kinds and amount of pre-planting nutrient charge fertilizers (PNCF) incorporated into each root medium were varied, and then, final chemical properties of the root media were analysed. The total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), and air-filled porosity (AFP) were 81.3%. 39.9%, and 41.4% in ERH and 77.6%, 64.1%, and 13.5% in CRH, respectively. The percentage of easily available water (EAW, from CC to 4.90 kPa tension) and buffering water (BW, 4.91-9.81 kPa tension) were 11.37% and 5.27%, in ERH and 17.26% and 14.28% in CRH, respectively. The pH of ERH was 7.1, but it was extremely high in CRH such as 11.2. The EC and CEC were $1.31dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and $12.1meq{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in ERH and $6.53dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and CEC 7.79 $meq{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in CRH, respectively. The ranges of TP, CC and AFP in 4 selected media (PM + ERH, 6:4, v/v; CD + ERH, 8:2; PM + CRH, 7:3; CD+CRH 6:4) were 89.2-90.3%, 67.3-81.8%, and 8.3-21.9%, respectively. The pHs and ECs in root media containing peatmoss such as PM + ERH (6:4) and PM + CRH (7:3) were 4.0-4.3 and $0.33-0.365dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, whereas those of CD + CRH were 7.4-7.9 and $1.282dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The pHs and ECs, however, analysed before and after the incorporation of PNCF in each root medium were not significant different. This result indicated that the incorporated fertilizers in PNCF to adjust medium pH did not dissolve enough to influence medium pH, but it is very normal in root media containing dolomitic lime and sulfur powder in adjusting pH. The Information obtained in this study may facilitate an effective formulation of root media containing rice hulls.