• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

In this study, mesoporous titania/alumina membranes were prepared by sol-gel method. Pore structure and phase composition of titania/alumina membranes could be changed by calcination temperature. The addition of alumina into titania membranes retarded anatase-to-rutile phase transformation, resulting in stabilization of pore structures. The 5 time dip-coated membrane calcined at $450^{\circ}C$ is about $10.3{\mu}m$ in thickness with an average pore size of 5 nm. Hydrogen and nitrogen permeances through the membrane were $17.1{\times}10^{-7}mol/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$ and $4.7{\times}10^{-7}mol/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$, respectively. These data were explained by the Knudsen diffusion mechanism.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.446-447
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• 2010

최근 개발된 니켈 초합금 금속폼은 기존의 매연저감장치 신소재로 여겨지고 있다. 금속폼은 세가지 두드러진 특징을 갖고 있다. 첫째, 금속폼은 큰 기공의 다공성 매질로써 매연을 포집하여 축적할 수 있는 용량이 기존 필터에 비해 상대적으로 크며 그로인하여 재생 시 연소 안전성이 두드러진다. 둘째, 복잡하고 굴곡있는 기공 구조와 큰 비표면적은 물질전달 특성을 향상시켜 촉매 적용 시 촉매의 전환성능을 향상시키고 그로 인하여 귀금속 촉매량을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 셋째, 금속폼은 다양한 기공크기를 가지며, 다양한 조합의 금속폼을 개발할 수 있어 요구 성능에 따른 최적의 필터 설계를 가능케 한다. 이번연구에서는, 금속폼의 필터 성능을 다양한 실험을 통하여 측정 평가하며, 이런 이해를 기반으로 필터로 제작하여 엔진실험벤치에서 그 성능을 검증하였다. 필터의 성능은 수트 포집효율과 그에 따른 필터의 압력강하와 촉매 활성 능력으로 평가되었다. 이러한 실험과 병행하여 금속폼에서의 수트 포집과정을 모델링하고 이를 상용 프로그램인 CFD-ACE+에 추가하여 설계전용 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 엔진실험결과와 비교 검증하였다. 본 논문에서는 금속폼의 높은 매연축적용량과 향상된 물질전달 특성이 어떻게 필터의 귀금속 촉매와 체적을 줄일 수 있는지 제시하고 있다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of a Korean native oak tree over microporous zeolites (HZSM-5, HBeta, and HY) was performed by using a fixed bed reactor. The effect of sample to catalyst ratio and reaction temperature was also investigated to optimize production conditions of high quality bio-oil. Among three catalysts, HZSM-5 showed the highest aromatic formation due to its proper pore size and strong acidity. Although HY and HBeta also showed the catalytic activity, they produced larger amounts of coke due to their larger pore size. The smaller ratio of the sample to the catalyst and higher reaction temperature were also required to maximize the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons via the catalytic pyrolysis of oak tree over HZSM-5.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2008

Nano-porous ceramic membranes was synthesized by the sol-gel method. Gas permeation of hydrogen and nitrogen was determined by single composition gas. Pore size $0.1{\mu}m$ and porosity 32% of flat type ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ substrate was manufactured. An intermediate ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ layer with pore size of 4 nm was formed by dip-coating. Polymeric silica sol was synthesized by acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate. Supported membranes on alumina were prepared by dipping and calcining. He, $N_2$ permeation experiments with nanoporous sol-gel modified supported ceramic membranes were peformed to determine the gas transport characteristics. $He/N_2$ permselectivity around $100{\sim}160$ and helium permeation in the order of $10^{-7}mol/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$ were measured in the temperature range of $303{\sim}363K$.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

AAO template having nano scale pores of high aspect ratio has been prepared through anodizing of aluminum foil in sulfuric acid electrolyte. The effect of anodizing parameters on the pore size and distribution was also examined to obtain the proper AAO as a template material of nanowire. The surface of AAO template prepared was observed by SEM to examine the mean size and distribution of pores generated by the anodizing and Fe nanowires obtained by AC electroforming using AAO template were also observed with TEM to determine the length and shape of them. From the results of work, it was found that the mean size or distribution of pores was influenced significantly by the anodizing parameters such as voltage and temperature of electrolyte. Mean length and aspect ratio of Fe nanowires prepared in the work were found to be $10{\mu}m\;and\;300\;to\;1,000$, respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2002

We synthesized HPP-g-GMA copolymer using pre-irradiation method by E-beam and aminated HPP-g-GMA using amination reaction. Degree of grafting increased with increasing GMA monomer concentration and showed the maximum value of 130% at 1.46 M of GMA. The degree of amination increased with increasing the degree of grafting. When the degree of grafting was 100%, degree of amination showed the maximum value of 37.4%. The ion exchange capacity of aminated HPP-g-GMA was about 3.78 meq/g, and it showed remarkable adsorption ability of hollow fiber ion exchanger. Through the BET analysis, the surface area of aminated HPP-g-GMA was 54.83 $\m^2/g$ and the mean pore size was $26\AA$. These showed the decrease of surface area and the slight increase of the mean pore size. SEM results show that the thickness of fiber increased after the step of reaction and there pore blocking phenomena was not observed. The aminated HPP-g-GMA was synthesized successfully and found to be suitable for the adsorption and separation of anion.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 2023

High-resolution images of surfaces provide detailed information on pores or shapes with specific sizes ranging from nano sizes to micrometers. However, it is not yet clear to determine an efficient association for pores or shapes from high-resolution images of surfaces. For the efficient association of pores and shapes, the surface characteristics of the device were considered as fractal dimensions by taking SEM photographs and binarizing the images. The fractal program was directly coded for surface analysis of the device. The device surface characteristics and electrical characteristics are thought to be related to the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension decreased with an increase in internal pores. The density and grain boundary of particles, which are structural characteristics of the device surface, were related to the fractal dimension. The particle size decreased with an increase in the fractal dimension and was uniformly formed. When the particles were uniformly formed, fewer pores were present and the fractal dimension increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1992

The size, morphology and distribution of pores which affect on the physical properties of thermal barrier coatings were investigated to find the relationship with spraying parameters. The plasma-sprayed zirconia coatings contained numerous micropores as well as macropores which were appeared as spherical and irregular pores, and cracks. The pore formation process and its characteristics were varied with spraying distance. Porosity itself was varied with spraying parameters such as spray gun current, gas flow rate and the gas used(Ar or $N_2). The Porosity of coatings was ranged from 10 to 18% with the variation of spraying conditions. The relative hardness measured by the scratch test, showed strong dependence on the porosity of coatings rather than spraying parameters.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The spheric sintered body with $6{\pm}2mm$ diameter was manufactured in a rotary kiln at $1125^{\circ}C$/15 min using green body formed by pelletizing the batch powder composing of coal bottom ash produced from power plant and dredged soil by 70:30, wt%. And the physical properties of sintered body (BD) were analyzed to confirm the possibility for applying to an absorbent to restore a contaminated soil. The sintered body had a giant pore above 100 ${\mu}m$ and a fine pore below 10 ${\mu}m$, and bulk density was 1.4. Also its specific surface area, porosity and void proportion were $12.0m^2/g$, 30.1% and 38.2% respectively. The crushed body (BD-C), produced by crushing a BD specimen into an irregular shape with a aspect ratio of about 2, was similar to BD specimen at bulk density and pore size distribution. But it had superior values of specific surface area, porosity and void proportion compared with BD specimen owing to a decreased apparent volume due to conversion of closed pore existed at interior of BD to open pore during a crushing process. The IEP of sintered body occurred at about pH=5, so the optimum pH condition of reacting aqueous solution could be known before bonding a microbe to the sintered body. Hence, the optimum void proportion and porosity of an absorbent can be obtained by appropriate mixing a BD with BD-C from the base data calculated in this study.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2017

In this study, a study was carried out for the separation of metal ions in lignin extract discharged from the pulp process. alumina powders were mixed with DMAc (N, N-dimethylacetamide) solvent and PESf (Polyethersulfone) polymer, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) dispersant was added and slip casting method was used to prepare the membrane. The membrane was measured for pore size through a CFP (Capillary Flow Porometer) device and the surface and cross-section of the membrane were observed through a FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope). The flux was calculated by measuring the filtered weight per hour using a separation experiment device. Pore size measurements were performed under increasing pressure from 0 psi to 30 psi. The pore size of the membrane was $0.4{\mu}m$ and the flux decreased from the initial flux value of $6.36kg{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ to $1.98kg{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ due to the fouling of the membrane. After the permeation experiment, membrane contaminants were removed by simple washing. Separation experiments showed that Na contained in the initial lignin extract was reduced by 69%, Fe was removed by 87%, K by 95%, Ca by 93% and Mg by 96%.