• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.255-272
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• 2008

When observing the subjects and seriousness of Korea's Wang-ta, it is urgent that we know the characteristics of Wang-ta and its conditions. In this study, we investigated the definition of Wang-ta, which partly differs from bullying. Also, the phenomenal characteristics of collectivism, the victimization of an individual once stigmatized in the Wang-ta process, the generalization of the Wang-ta process where bullies extend their territory into general students were examined. Moreover, external environment such as Korea's school environment, negative house environment, and collective culture were examined. The three general structures in researching Korea's Wang-ta were presented. The first structure consists of a bully, victim, and a bully-victim. The second structure focuses on the certain groups, which consists of followers, outsider, and the defender. The last structure deals with the psychological characteristics of the participant roles, which are the bully, reinforcer, assistant, defender, victim, and outsider. Wang-ta prevention programs, which reflects the characteristics of Wang-ta, are presented. Implications on future Wang-ta prevention programs are discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.721-728
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• 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the essence of the achievements experienced by nursing students while enhancing their problem-solving abilities through simulation practical training. The study participants included 13 fourth-year nursing students, and data were collected through individual interviews conducted after the simulation practical training. Data analysis followed the qualitative research method of content analysis, involving coding, categorization, and thematization of the data. The results of this study revealed that nursing students' achievement experiences through simulation practical training included the following processes: "confirming confidence through improvement," "acknowledging change," "experiencing nursing self-efficacy," and "getting closer to the goal of clinical practice." Furthermore, it is suggested that efforts should be made to implement efficient operation and evaluation tools through multifaceted and meticulous design to promote integrated learning through simulation practical training and to confirm the process of internalizing knowledge through reflection by nursing students.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.103-111
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• 2023

This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effects of club activities on the communication skills and psychological well-being of nursing students. Convenience sampling method was applied for 101 students enrolled in the nursing department of university in K city, of which 78 subjects participated in club activities. Data was collected from October 31 to November 30, 2022. Data were analyzed by t-test, and hierarchical multiple regression.The average score for Communication skill was 3.97±0.47, psychological well-being values was 3.62±0.44. Statistically communication skill showed a significantly environmental control(β=.27,p=.010) and positive interpersonal relationships(β=.23, p=.026)accounting for 46.8% of the total change and psychological well-being were significantly influenced by communication(β=.29, p=.009) accounting for 47% of the total change. Based on the results of this study, educational strategies and programs are needed to improve the communication skill and psychological well-being of nursing students.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

This study aims to clarify the socio-economic factors which have an effectiveness on the social support in rural areas and analyze how it relates to the Individual Health promotion behavior. It is advised to improve social support in the community. The target population was all residents with no chronic and no serious disease who live in five villages of Chuncheon in Kangwon province during July of 2002. This study was done by the interview survey using questionnaire which was composed with questions about Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and the health promotion behavior. MOS-SSS was translated to Korean and modified to be suitable for the study. The functional and social support variables were also added. The health promotion behavior was formed through the questions about whether or not stop smoking, stop drinking, the excise, the health examinations, attending health education, and hormone replacement therapies. The results are as follows; 1) the case of low-educated, divorce or separation to death, or the subject of social assistance, the social support was low. 2) the case of high social class, the social support was high. 3) there were no significant findings in the health status. 4) according to the analysis of correlation of health promotion behavior, the group with the most social support showed a high percentage of getting health examinations, attending health education, Hormone replacement therapies. However, the adjusted rate of smoking and drinking of trying to stop smoking and stop drinking resulted in low figures. The well-structured social support which the community can provide should be firstly given a priority for the group with low-income, low-educated, divorce or separation to death, and social assistance who are provided poor social support. Moreover, the social support service should be actively reflected to the health promotion program in the community.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2002

Objectives: This study compared the difference of health behaviors between fishing area residents and agricultural area residents. Methods: We carried out interview survey for 503 adult persons of fishing villages, the study area. And surveyed 775 adult persons of agricultural villages as a control area in short distance from the study area, and 1425 adult persons of agricultural villages in long distance. The proportion on health behavior was standardized to the nationwide population of the year of 2000 by sex. Results: In male, The proportion of heavy alcohol drinking in the study area was higher than that in both controls significantly. And the proportion of trial to quit alcohol during the past one year in the study area was lower than that in both controls, but it was not significant difference. And the proportion of regular exercise in study area was lower than that in the long distant control, but it was not significant difference. In female, the proportions of drinking, smoking, and regular exercise in the study area were significantly lower than that in the long distant control respectively. There was no significant difference in trial of low salt diet between the study area and the control area. Conclusions: When we plan the health promotion program in fishing village, we must consider alcohol drinking behavior of men and exercise behavior of both sex in addtition to smoking behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1675-1679
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• 2011

To improve the quality and palatability of Kochujang, the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and sensory evaluation of Kochujang were assessed when red ginseng and wild herbal extract were added during fermentation. This study investigated the antioxidant capacities of general Kochujang (GK) and Kochujang prepared with red ginseng and fermented wild herbal extract (RGK) by employing various in vitro antioxidant assays such as DPPH and FRAP assays. Inhibition of lioxygenase (LOX) activity was also investigated. RGK exhibited significant antioxidant effects compared to control in DPPH, FRAP, and LOX assays. The LOX inhibitory activity of RGK ($68.68{\pm}3.37%$) at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL was markedly higher than those of GK ($31.21{\pm}2.64%$) and NDGA (positive control, $30.54{\pm}1.36%$). All concentrations of RGK showed significantly higher FRAP activities than that of GK. The addition of red ginseng and fermented wild herbal extract exhibited better sensory characteristics in terms of color, flavor, taste and overall preference. We concluded that RGK improves not only functional properties but also sensory properties as well.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.118-130
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to analyze the operational characteristics and to explore the substantiality plan of inpatient diets for foreigners in hospitals. Questionnaires were mail-delivered to 128 hospitals, and a total of 62 questionnaires were usable with a response rate of 48.4 percent. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win 11.0 for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and ${\chi}^2$ test. Results can be summarized as follows. The average number of inpatient meals for foreigners in the last 6 months were 405 and 53 for general therapeutic diets and special therapeutic diets, respectively. The rates of hospitals with an exclusive department and exclusive staff for foreign inpatients were 48.4% and 53.2%, respectively. Major nationalities of foreign inpatients were China (37.5%) and Russia (31.3%), and their major medical departments were internal medicine (43.9%) and surgery (39.0%). The number of hospitals that provided inpatient diet only for foreigners was 42 (72.4%) and influencing factors were number of permitted beds (P<0.05), an exclusive department (P<0.001), and exclusive staff (P<0.01). The main type of menu was USA European style (61.1%), and the price of inpatient meals for foreigners was mostly \10,000~\25,000 (62.0%). As 75.9% of hospitals did not possess dietary slip manuals for foreigners, the case of preparing inpatient meals for foreigners in the form of a general therapeutic diet partially-modified according to disease was the majority (55.4%). Dietitians felt the need for nutrition management guidelines and dietary slip manuals (47.3%) as a substantiality plan of inpatient diets for foreigners. There is a need for exclusive foodservice standards for foreign inpatients in the changing medical environment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.255-270
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the consumption of convenience foods among Korean adolescents. Methods: This study had a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which involved a nationwide representative sample of 57,303 middle- and high-school students. Convenience-food consumption was defined by frequency of adolescents consuming convenience foods obtained from convenience stores, supermarkets, and cafeterias over the previous 7 days. The analyzed variables were related to sociodemographic, mental health, and health behavior. The Rao-Scott χ² test was applied to examine the difference in the rate of consuming convenience foods obtained from convenience stores according to each factor. Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors that influence convenience-food consumption among Korean adolescents. Results: It was found that 29.1% of Korean adolescents consumed convenience foods obtained from convenience store more than three times per week. The significant influencing factors were female sex; low subjective academic achievement, and subjective household economic status; high perceived stress; low subjective sleep sufficiency; experience of depression; suicidal ideation; lower physical activity; skipping breakfast; lower consumptions of fruit, milk, and vegetables; higher consumptions of soda drinks, sweet drinks, caffeine, and fast food; lower water intake; current smoking and drinking; drug use; and experience of violence. Conclusion: These findings provide a better understanding of the sociodemographic, mental-health, and health-behavior factors that influence the consumption of convenience foods among Korean adolescents. We suggest that differentiated policies, strategies, and nutrition education need to be developed and implemented, in order to address the above-mentioned factors and thereby reduce such behaviors among Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.939-947
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• 2000

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was performed in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Influent was a synthetic wastewater based on acetate as a carbon source. The sludge age and hydraulic retention time were kept at 10 days and 16 hrs, respectively, Phosphate release during the anaerobic period and phosphate uptake in aerobic period were increased gradually with time. and after about 200 days, steady-state operation could be achieved with complete removal of influent phosphate. Number distribution of microbial community in the sludge performing EBPR was investigated during the steady state operation. 17 rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed and slot hybridization technique was used to determine the number distribution of each microorganism. In the acetate fed SBR, rRNA belonging to the beta subclass of proteobacteria was the most dominant in total rRNA and rRNA matching to CTE probe was the second, rRNAs of Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas, which are usually thought as phosphorus accumulating organisms in EBPR processes, constituted less than 10% of total rRNA. From this community analysis, it was inferred that microorganisms belong to the beta subclass of proteobacteia (BET) and CTE such as Rhodocyclus group were important in biological phosphorus removal. Therefore, the role of Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas in the EBPR might have been overestimated.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.686-695
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to assess the maternal iron status during pregnancy and to evaluate the relationships bet-ween the iron indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum, placenta and pregnancy outcomes. Venous bloods samples were drawn from 54 pregnant women just before delivery and cord bloods of their newborn babies were collected immediately after birth. And also, placental tissues were extracted. We investigated the difference of the iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue between two gestational age group (PT group, NT group : preform delivery and normal term delivery at 34.9wk and 39.0wk of mean gestational length, respectively) and also assessed correlations of iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placenta tissue. And lastly, we related between birth weight and iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue. The concentrations of maternal serum ferritin and of placental iron were significantly higher in NT group (32.1 $\pm$ 21.1 ng/ml, 68.5 $\pm$ 16.7 $\mu$g/g), than those of NT group (20.8 $\pm$ 11.6 ng/ml, 53.2 $\pm$ 17.4 $\mu$/g) respectively (p<0.001). However the serum ferritin of umbilical cord were significantly higher in NT group (PT : 109.4 $\pm$ 65.7 ng/ml, NT : 147.0 $\pm$ 56.8 ng/ml) than those of PT group (p<0.05). Our results showed that a negative association between birth weight (r=-0.361) and maternal serum ferritin and that a positive association between birth weight and umbilical cord serum ferritin (r=0.261). Despite not a significant difference, there was tendency that highest concentration of maternal serum ferritin was associated with the lowest birth weight. These findings indicate that birth weight of newborn is dependent of multiple factors such as maternal iron status during pre-pregnancy, body size, general nutritional status. Although for women who enter pregnancy with low iron stores, enough intakes of iron during pregnancy could produce undesirable pregnancy outcome. Therefore we suggest for successful pregnancy outcome and delivery differential iron supplementation program will be carried out individual pregnant women on the basis of pre-pregnancy nutritional status.