• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of customized foot orthotics on lower extremity muscle activity and fatigue during march in combat boots. Four volunteers with normal foot and five volunteers with excessive pronation foot among soldiers on service were fitted with foot orthotics. The electromyography signal from activity of low extremity muscles were collected with surface electromyography device during walking on the treadmill. The walk on the treadmill was performed with a speed of 4.5 km/h. The experiment design for reseach wes composed two experimentation. The first experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between normal foot and excessive pronator foot during march. The second experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between wearing orthotics and no wearing orthotics. These data were analyzed by the averaged integral EMG and the mean power frequency. The analyzed results were compared by independent T-test method and paired T-test method of SPSS(windows version 12.0). The result of the study were the muscle activity on pronator foot tend to increase during march but a statistically significant increase in muscle fatigue of vastus lateralis and fibularis longus. A statistically significant decrease in muscle activity of anterior tibialis and fibularis longus and fatigue occurred using the customized foot orthotics in volunteers with excessive pronation foot compared to volunteers with normal foot. Clinically, the application of orthotics for the soldiers with excessive pronation foot appears to delay muscle fatigue and prevent from variable foot injuries. This may contribute to enhancing fighting efficiency.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 1997

Stomatognathic system is a complex one that is composed of TMJ, neuromuscular system, teeth and connective tissue, and all its components are doing their parts to maintain their physiological relationships. Mandible, in particular, performs various functions such as mastication, speech, and deglutition, the muscular activities that determine such functions are signalled by numerous types of proprioceptors that exist in periodontal membrane, TMJ, and muscles to be controlled by complicated pathways and mechanics of peripheral and central nervous system. Orthodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by orthognathic surgery, brings dramatic changes of stornatognat is system such as intraoral proprioceptors and muscle activities and thus, changes in patterns of mandibular function result The author tried to analyze changes in patterns of mandibular movement and physiologic activities of surrounding muscles in Skeletal Class III ortlrognathic surgery patients who presently show a great increase in numbers. The purpose of this study was to draw some objective guidelines in evaluating funclierual aspects of orthognathic surgery patients. Mandibular functional analysis using Biopak was performed for skeletal Class III prognathic patients who underwent IVRO(lntraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotmy), and the following results were obtained: 1. Resting EMG was greater in pre-surgical group than the control group, and it showed gradual decrease after the surgery. Clenching EMG of masseter and anterior temporalis of pre-surgical group was smaller than those of control group, they also increased post-surgically, and significant difference was found between pre-surgical and post-surgical(6 months) groups. 2. Resting EMG of anterior ternporalis was greater than that of all the other muscles, but there was no significant difference. Clenching EMG of anterior temporalis and masseter were greater than those of the other muscles with statistical difference. In swallowing, digastric muscle showed the highest EMG with statistical significance. 3. Limited range of mandibular movement was shown in pre-surgical group. Significant increase in maximum mouth opening was observed six months post-surgically, and significant increase in protrusive movement was observed three months post-surgically.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

This research was to develop the cycling system of lower limbs for rehabilitation during cycle exercise in supine position. Also we analyzed the muscular activity of lower-limbs at various exercise conditions according to exercise mode, load, velocity. 42 healthy subjects(ages 20-60 years) were participated. We measured the muscular activities of right lower limb muscle in rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, soleus. Results, medial gastrocnemius shows high value on load 10 stage than load 1 and 5 stage. And all muscular activity except medial gastrocnemius was decreased as increase of velocity. We have found that there is a difference of lower limbs activity depending on exercise mode and method. This study could be applied to reference data to develop cycle system of lower limbs for rehabilitation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.177-182
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• 2022

This study aim to verify the difference in muscle activity due to difference in the direction of the stroking method for the stroke direction of the muscles using a tool made by a 3D printer. The subjects were conducted with 20 healthy adults in their 20s, and IASTM applied the intervention of the perpendicular stroking on the direction of muscle driving and intervention of the pararell stroking on the direction of muscle driving, with 10 each deployed. All subjects measured the muscle activity before intervention, and the muscle activity was measured and compared with the independent T test and the paired T test. The results of this study showed a significant increase in muscle activity in vertical groups, although the muscle activity in horizontal groups decreased. It was that differences in direction are significant in the application of IASTM.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.21 no.2 s.34
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

We investigated the reproductive cycle with gonad developmental phases of Sinonovacula constricta by histological observations, and seasonal changes in biochemical component of the adductor muscle, visceral mass, foot muscle and mantle were studied by biochemical analysis, from January to December, 2004. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classifed into five successive stages: early active stage (March to May), late active stage (May to July), ripe stage (July to September), partially spawned stage (August to October) and spentfinactive stage (October to March). Total protein content was the highest in the following order: adductor muscle, visceral mass, foot muscle, and mantle. Except for mantle, it was generally higher during the ripe and spawning stages, while lower during the spent/inactive stage. There were positive correlations in total protein contents among adductor muscle, foot muscle, and visceral mass. However, the correlations were not statistically significant. Total lipid content was the highest in the visceral mass; it was more than 5 or 6-fold higher than those in the adductor muscle, foot muscle, or mantle. The monthly change was also most dynamic in the visceral mass. It first Increased during the early active stage (March to May), decreased during late active stage (May to July), and then increased again rapidly during the spawning stage (September). There were a strong negative correlation in total lipid contents between foot muscle and adductor muscle (r = -0.634, p = 0.027), and a strong positive correlation between adductor muscle and mantle (r = 0.665, p = 0.018). Glycogen contents showed more or less similar pattern to total lipid contents in the adductor muscle, foot muscle, and visceral mass. It was higher during the early active and spawning stages, while lower during the late active and spent/inactive stages. There was no statistically significant correlation in glycogen contents among different tissues. Especially, total lipid content showed a negative correlationship between the foot muscle, adductor muscle, visceral mass and mantle. Therefore, these results indicate that the nutrient content of the foot muscle, adductor muscle, viseral mass and mantle changed in response to gonadal energy needs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1993

Tilapia cultured in fresh water were acclimated in sea water with daily increase of $5%_{\circ}$ of salinity and it was completely terminated at the 7th day (0 week). Each three tilapia acclimated were examined weekly based from 0 week to elucidate changes of chloride cells in gill, mineral contents and physical properties in muscle and biochemical characteristics in myofibrils. Chloride cells existed in gills were gradually developed in number and size by acclimation to sea water and became to almost constant state at the third week. Shearing value, compressing strength and content of minerals such as Mg, Na and K in muscle were showed remarkable increase by acclimation to sea water in comparison to those of muscle from tilapia reared in fresh water. Myofibrillar $Mg^{2+}-,\;Ca^{2+}-$ and $K^+(EDTA)-ATPase$ activities of tilapia acclimated in sea water also increased showing significant statistic difference (p<0.01) from those of tilapia reared in fresh water However. thermostability of myofibrils was dropped by acclimation to sea water. The increase of shearing value and compressing strength in the muscle of tilapia by acclimation to sea water would be attributed to the increase of myofibrillar ATPase activities which act to accelerate the decomposition rate of ATP. Therefore, it is suggested that this phenomenon associated with muscle contraction could be brought an improvement of texture of tilapia acclimated in sea water.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2023

This study examined the changes in lower body muscle activity and foot pressure during progressive squat exercise in male college students. It was conducted to help efficient exercise guidance by identifying and recognizing muscle imbalance using EMG and smart shoes and providing immediate feedback. The subjects of the study were 20 students from D University. As a result of this study, as the squat load increased, the activity of all muscles except for the left semitendinosus muscle and the anterior tibialis muscle significantly increased among. Foot pressure, when the squat load was increased, the pressure of the forefoot(FF) increased significantly and the pressure of the rear foot(RF) decreased significantly. Therefore, providing immediate feedback using a wearable device will prevent muscle imbalance and provide effective exercise guidance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.449-462
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to measure the range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb for flower arrangement tasks for physical rehabilitation and to test horticultural therapy programs using flower arrangement tasks for improving upper limb function of the patients with stroke. Major flower arrangement tasks were classified with eight tasks (cutting 1, thick stem; cutting 2, thin stem; fixing 1, long stem; fixing 2, short stem; rolling a leaf; bending 1, thick stem; bending 2, thin stem; and winding, using a wire) based on the occupational analysis. When eight male university students (mean age $24.1{\pm}2.5$ years) conducted the eight flower arrangement tasks, range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb were measured by a 3D motion analyzer and electromyography, respectively. Based on the results of the range of motion and muscle activation of upper limb, horticultural therapy programs using flower arrangement tasks (total 33 sessions) for improving upper limb function of the patients with stroke was conducted at a rehabilitation hospital, Seoul, South Korea and then the range of motion, grip strength, and upper limb function of the patients were tested. Among the eight flower arrangement tasks, cutting 1, winding, and bending 1 induced the highest value for the range of motion in joints of shoulder, elbow, and wrist, respectively (P < 0.001). In terms of muscle activation, eight flower arrangement tasks performed in this study showed various patterns of muscle activation and several muscles were simultaneously used for each task (P < 0.001). In addition, thickness and length of the materials used in a task had a prominent effect on the range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb (P < 0.001). The stroke patients had positive effects for their range of motion of upper limb (shoulder, forearm, and elbow), grip strength, and overall upper limb function through the horticultural therapy program. Thus, this study suggested that flower arrangement tasks would be a potential horticultural activity for physical rehabilitation program. It would be interesting to apply a customized horticultural therapy program using flower arrangement tasks according to the symptoms of patient for physical rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.371-380
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• 2019

Electromygram was measured in three different cases; not wearing of a helmet, wearing of a 920g helmet, and wearing of a 1310g helmet, and it was revealed that there was a high level of muscle activities on the opposite side (sternocleidomastoid muscle) while the head and the neck were moving right and left and muscle activities of the curve and of the hyperextension were found to be not significant. Especially, the presence of a helmet seemed to cause a difference in a level of muscle activities on the deltoid and erector spine muscles while lifting or lowering with a weight placed on the deniz backboard. Therefore, it would be possible to assume that this newly developed smart helmet would not affect muscles around the necks of paramedics if they do not move their necks and heads right and left while lowering or lifting a patient using the deniz backboard. In addition, in case of the deltoid and erector spine muscles, it is shown that an increase in the degree of movement could lead to an increase in the level of muscle activities on the muscles controlling of the corresponding action, which are waist and back muscles. Despite it, it would be possible to prevent possible injuries and/or muscular and skeletal diseases around the lumbar by fully complying with a basic rule of straightening of the waist while making a power-lifting motion.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscular activity and muscle strength for swing track of upper limbs during rowing exercise. Subject was all twenty healthy adults and they were divided into linear exercise group and elliptical exercise group in random. Subjects performed rowing exercise 3-times for a week and performed all 8-weeks. We measured realtime-surface EMG. Also we measured joint torque of elbow, ankle and lumbar in subjects using BIODEX. The result showed that when rowing exercise, elliptical track exercise had higher muscular activity in trapezius, deltoid, erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastronemius than linear track exercise on more many muscle of upper and lower limbs. Also elbow joint torque and lumbar joint torque was more higher too. but linear exercise also had higher muscular activity in multifidus, tibilalis anterior than elliptical track exercise. According to this experiment, we found out that elliptical track was more efficient than linear track.