• Korean Architects
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• no.11 s.343
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• pp.42-46
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• 1997

한국근대건축역사 자료로서 정확하고 객관성 있는 사실을 기록하기 위하여 증인들의 체험담을 토대로 정리하였다. 특히, 배기형 선생의 초기 활동 내용과 건축가상은 함성권(전 한양대 교수), 장기수(현 부산동인건축)씨와 신건축문화연구소 시절부터 10년간 재직한 김창서(현 협화건축)소장, 그리고 함성권 교수의 구조담당 조수로서 배기형의 건축작품 활동상을 가까이서 지켜본 주경재(현 건국대)교수, 실습생으로 신건축문화연구소 시절과 1959년 군제대후 구조사 복직 근무한 최영규(현 인하대)교수의 생생한 증언을 토대로 정리하였다. 후기의 활동상은 현 구조사 대표 윤홍갑 소장과 그 당시 근무했던 이동배(현 인하대)교수, 이문섭(현 인하대)교수가, 그리고 1970년대 구조사를 윤소장에 물려주고 난 뒤의 활동상은 김석철(현 아키반), 방수일(현 범일건축)소장의 증언을 토대로 하였다. 보다 객관성있는 기록을 위해서 각 증인들은 자신의 기억이 불투명한 경우 당시에 관련되었던 또다른 증인을 찾아서 확인하는 성의를 보여주는 등 사실에 충실할 수 있도록 협조해 주었다.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

르네상스 시대의 필리포 브뤼넬레치, 19세기의 쟝 니꼴라 루이 뒤랑, 근대 건축의 꾸르뷔지에, 귀세프 테라니, 밀르벤 데르호흐, 그리고 현대건축의 장 누벨과 같은 5명의 건축가의 예를 통해, 건축에서 늘 되풀이되어 나타나는 기하학적 형체로서의 이 격자무늬는 자신의 다면성을 보여준다. 합리적인 면은 그대로 간직한 채, 격자무늬는 순서대로, 균형잡힌 비율의 선, 축에 관한 구성체계, 조립식 건축의 구조, 합리주의의 상징, 건물의 배치와 크기를 결정하는 반복적인 조직망, 삼차원 공간에서의 프랙탈한 이미지로서 나타난다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

This study attempts to examine the process of establishing a Japanese-style garden in the modern period through the perspectives of garden designers, spatial composition, spatial components, and materials used in their works, and to use it as data for embodying the identity of Korean garden. The results are as follows: First, by incorporating elements associated with Koreanness into the modern garden culture, there are differences in location, presence, and subjectivity when compared to Japan. This reflects Japan's relatively seamless cultural continuity compared to Korea's cultural disconnection during the modern period. Second, prior to the modern period, Japan's garden culture spread and continued to develop throughout the country without significant interruptions. However, during the modern period, the Meiji government promoted the policy of 'civilization and enlightenment (Bunmei-kaika, 文明開化)' and introduced advanced European and American civilizations, leading to the popularity of Western-style architectural techniques. Unfortunately, the rapid introduction of Western culture caused the traditional Japanese culture to be overshadowed. In 1879, British architect Josiah Condor guided Japanese architects and introduced atelier and traditional designs of Japanese gardens into the design. The garden style of Ogawa Jihei VII, a garden designer in Kyoto during the Meiji and Taisho periods, was accepted by influential political and business leaders who sought to preserve Japan's traditional culture. And a protection system of garden was established through the preparation of various laws and regulations. Third, as a comprehensive analysis of Japanese modern gardens, the examination of garden designers, Japanese components, materials, elements, and the Japanese-style showed that Yamagata Aritomo, Ogawa Jihei VII, and Mirei Shigemori were representative garden designers who preserved the Japanese-style in their gardens. They introduced features such as the creation of a Daejicheon(大池泉) garden, which involves a large pond on a spacious land, as well as the naturalistic borrowed scenery method and water flow. Key components of Japanese-style gardens include the use of turf, winding garden paths, and the variation of plant species. Fourth, an analysis of the Japanese-style elements in the target sites revealed that the use of flowing water had the highest occurrence at 47.06% among the individual elements of spatial composition. Daejicheon and naturalistic borrowed scenery were also shown. The use of turf and winding paths were at 65.88% and 78.82%, respectively. The alteration of tree species was relatively less common at 28.24% compared to the application of turf or winding paths. Fifth, it is essential to discover more gardens from the modern period and meticulously document the creators or owners of the gardens, the spatial composition, spatial components, and materials used. This information will be invaluable in uncovering the identity of our own gardens. This study was conducted based on the analysis of the process of establishing the Japanese-style during Japan's modern period, utilizing examples of garden designers and gardens. While this study has limitations, such as the absence of in-depth research and more case studies or specific techniques, it sets the stage for future exploration.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.227-235
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• 2017

The essence of architecture is space acquired as a result of architect's design act, but the object of the design is not the space and it is the physical elements to construct it. The masters of modern architecture have described the types of spaces that can be composed of these elements, but there is a difficulty in constructing the space because they does not mention how to construct it. From this point of view, if architecture is the techniques for human behavior and the art of building space, it is recognized that there is a need for concrete research on how to construct a space with ambiguous substance. Therefore, I conducted research on the extensibility of diagonal spaces through '4 Logements Studio' by Henri Ciriani, a representative architect of Neo Corbusian. The 'network for identity' method proposed by Ciriani was examined as a methode to realize spatial expansion and the furniture should be designed as an element of reading space and 3 optimal alternatives for 4 housing arrangements were obtained based on the Equivalence, Lighting, View, and Community life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.426-435
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• 2013

Minimal architecture is generally expressed in a simple and pure form, this characteristic of minimal architecture was first introduced by the architect, Mies Van der Roche, in the beginning of 20th century. The objective of this study is to identify wether minimal architecture is just a reappearance of the beginning of 20th century's modern architecture or a suitable form for contemporary aesthetics. As a result, it can be concluded that minimal architecture is based on human emotion and one's experienced perception which is very different from the modern architecture which is more focused on functionality and mechanical esthetics. Minimal architecture uses two systems which are multi-sensual perception and conceptual perception; however, it focuses more on conceptual perception which is also used in comtemporary architecture. In conclusion, simplicity is just one of the necessary conditions which is not sufficient enough to represent minimal architecture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2020

This research focuses on the life and works of architect Yi Hunwoo, who was active in early 20th century. Yi has been previously mentioned in a few research documents, but not as a main subject of interest. Thanks to digitalized historic databases, the authors of this research were able to access more information about Yi. It was discovered that he was born in Korea in the late 19th century and then attended the Nagoya Higher Technical School in Japan. After repatriation, he participated in a few public projects in Korea as an in-house architect at the Governor-General's office, then started his own practice and produced his individual projects. He also contributed articles on innovations in residential design to newspapers. Chronologically, his activities as an architect preceeded those of Park Gilyong, who has been conventionally regarded as the first Korean modern architect so far. This research would like to establish Yi Hunwoo as a historic figure whose professional career spanned the earlier stage of the Korean modern architecture, based on the records of his life and professional activities. The authors do not wish to present the architectural analysis nor evaluation of his works, which will be subject to future researches.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

비트루비우스(Vitruvius)에서 벤츄리(Venturi)에 이르기까지 많은 건축사가(建榮史家) 또는 건축가(建築家)들이 건축원리에 대한 각자의 규범적 태도를 글로써 밝혀왔다. 이러한 규범적 내용 중 비례이론은 서양건축에 있어 건축미(建築美) 비밀로 간주되어, 조화로운 건축물이 꼭 갖추어야 할 덕목중의 하나로 인식되었다. 현대건축에서 비교적 근대 비례시스템이라 불릴 수 있는 것으로 르 꼬르뷔지에의 모될로르와 반 데어 란의 플라스틱 넘버를 들 수 있다. 모될로르는 현재까지 아주 제한된 성공밖에 거두지 못했는데, 이는 피보나치 수열에 기초한 수치들이 커졌을 때 단위의 배수관계가 거의 형성되지 않는다는 사실에 기인한다. 반면에 플라스틱 넘버는 모될로르의 결점들을 보완할 수 있는 매력적인 수열을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 반 데어 란의 비례시스템 분석을 통하여 유도된 수열규칙이 건축디자인과 관련되어 직접적으로 적용되어 질 수 있는 CAAD시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템의 초점은 반 데어 란의 비례이론이 어떻게 컴퓨터 언어로 변환 및 CAAD시스템에 적용되어, 실질적인 건축 실무행위에 있어 컴퓨터가 디자인 도우미로서 역할을 수행할 수 있겠는가하는 것이다. 연구의 결과, 사용자는 이러한 시스템을 사용함으로써 반 데어 란의 비례시스템을 자신의 디자인에 손쉽게 적용할 수 있으며, 이는 복잡한 치수관계로 구성된 비례시스템의 건축실무 활용으로 발전되어질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.855-861
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• 2009

This paper presents the concept of dynamically reconfigurable space by introducing smart building components. Thanks to the advances in ubiquitous computing and ITC technology, we are able to expect, in the near future, the aspects of future buildings which may transform their appearance and states to perform specific functions. In other words, it is certain that the building space will actively reconfigure itself to accommodate user's needs once we acquire proper technologies. Based on the assumption that building components may not be transformed through the magical process, but change its physical states (e.g. transparency, illumination, display contents, etc.) and functions of embedded devices (e.g. audio, actuators, sensors, etc.), we can envision a dynamically reconfigurable smart space. In order to conceptualize such spaces, critical surveys have been conducted on current works of leading architects. When the room needs to be used as a specific function room, the components need to change theirs states or to behave in a certain manner to create an optimum environment. Our model defines the relationships and elements to describe the mechanism of reconfigurable space. We expect this model provides a conceptual guideline for developing a smart building components based on spatial service scenarios. Therefore, a future smart spaces implemented by integrating various technologies are not designed in deterministic manner, so that spatial functions are expanded without constrained by physical existence.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of the attitudes toward children and spaces provided for them. by analyzing people's daily lives in housing spaces and architects' floor plans between the 1920s and the 1960s. Different kinds of data were obtained from a variety of early literature, research reports, newspaper articles, historical documents, and magazines from the period. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Before modernization in Korea, children had been regarded as immature persons. Confucian ideas of children viewed them as 'small adults' or 'immature adults.' Thus spaces for children's daily lives were neither differentiated from those of the adults' nor deemed important. However, since the Western invasions and colonization by Japan, a remarkable change in the attitudes toward children took place. Children began to be considered a hope for the future as well as members of modem families. In addition, the introduction of the new word, 'eorini (children),' by Mr. Bang Jeonghwan, brought about a significant change in social consciousness of children. 2. The appearance of 'adongshil (children's room)' on architects' floor plans, which was a result of the social critique against androcentrism during the l930s and 1940s, was highly meaningful. The new floor plans not only emphasized rationalization of the space but also upgraded the children's status in the family. 3. Since the liberation (1945), children's space was differentiated from parental spare by the introduction of private rooms and shared spaces. The privacy of each generation was expressed by the division, and the generations were considered equal in this space distribution. In conclusion, the appearance of children's rooms required conflict-laden changes of social ideals and of the family system. It also was a symbol of modernization.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.23-40
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• 1997

The purpose of this thesis is a searching out the characteristics of Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism and its influences on Korean modern dwellings especially in the time of 1930's. At the early stage of the colonial time($1905{\sim}1919$), the central corridor type Japanese dwellings were implanted into Korea for the Japanese official residences. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling was an urban modern dwelling compromised between Japanese style and western style and distinguished by an outer-court type plan, Japanese entrance hall, central corridor and western style reception room. After the 1920's the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have spreaded itself and became a prototype of a modern dwelling in Korea. The characteristics of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have influenced on the Korean high class dwellings and Korean architects' proposals for modern dwelling in the time of 1930's. By the implantation and spread of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings, Korean modern dwellings at the same time have affected and undergone transformation. The aspects of transformation were ; The outbreaking of the Japanese style entrance and central corridor, the transformation of MaDang from the inner court with a function of circulation into the outer court garden with plants and the transformation of Korean dwellings from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type. The central corridor type Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism makes function as a precedent of a modern urban dwelling to Korean and makes Korean dwellings transform from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type.