• Title/Summary/Keyword: 균일혼합용액

Search Result 75, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Structural and Optical Properties of Sol-gel Derived ZnO:Cu Films

  • Bae, Ji-Hwan;Park, Jun-Su;Jo, Sin-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
    • /
    • 2013.08a
    • /
    • pp.199-199
    • /
    • 2013
  • 최근 단파장 광전 소자와 고출력 고주파 전자 소자에 대한 수요 때문에 넓은 밴드갭 에너지를 갖는 반도체에 관심이 많다. 이중에서, ZnO는 우수한 화학 및 역학적 안정성, 수소 플라즈마 내구성과 저가 제조의 장점 때문에 광전자 소자 개발 분야에 적합한 산화물 투명 전극으로 관심을 끌고 있다. 불순물이 도핑되지 않은 ZnO는 본질적으로 산소 빈자리 (vacancy)와 아연 격자틈새 (interstitial)와 같은 자체의 결함으로 말미암아 n형의 극성을 갖기 때문에, 반도체 소자로 응용하기 위해서는 도핑 운반자의 농도와 전도성을 제어하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 박막 제조시 제어성, 안정성과 용이하게 성장이 가능한 졸겔 (sol-gel) 방법을 사용하여 사파이어와 석영 기판 위에 Cu가 도핑된 ZnO 박막을 성장시켰으며, 그것의 구조, 표면 형상, 평균 투과율, 광학 밴드갭 에너지를 계산하였다. 특히, Cu의 몰 비를 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 mol로 변화시키면서 ZnO:Cu 박막을 성장시켰다. ZnO:Cu 졸은 zinc acetate dihydrate, 2-methoxyethanol (용매), momoethanolamine (MEA, 안정제)을 사용하여 제조하였다. 상온에서 2-methoxyethanol과 MEA가 혼합된 용액에 zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn)을 용해시켰다. 이때 MEA와 Zn의 몰 비는 1로 유지하였다. 이 용액을 $60^{\circ}C$ 가열판 (hot plate)에서 24 h 동안 자석으로 휘젓으며 혼합하여 맑고 균일한 용액을 얻었다. 이 용액을 3000 rpm 속도로 회전하는 스핀 코터기의 상부에 장착된 사파이어와 석영 기판 위에 주사기 (syringe)를 사용하여 한 방울 떨어뜨려 30 s 동안 스핀한 다음에, 용매를 증발시키고 유기물 찌꺼기를 제거하기 위하여 $300^{\circ}C$에서 10분 동안 건조시킨다. 기판 위에 코팅하는 작업에서 부터 건조 작업까지를 10회 반복한 다음에, 1 h 동안 전기로에 장입하여 석영 기판 위에 증착된 시료는 $550^{\circ}C$에서, 사파이어 기판은 $700^{\circ}C$에서 열처리를 수행하였다. Cu의 몰 비 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 1로 성장된 ZnO:Cu 박막에 대한 x선 회절 분석의 결과에 의하면, 모든 ZnO:Cu 박막의 경우에 관측된 34.3o의 피크는 ZnO (002) 면에서 발생된 회절 패턴을 나타낸다. 이것은 JCPDS #80-0075에 제시된 회절상과 일치하였으며, ZnO:Cu 박막이 기판에 수직인 c-축을 따라 우선 배향됨을 나타낸다. 사파이어 기판 위에 증착된 박막의 경우에, Cu의 몰 비가 점점 증가함에 따라(002)면 회절 피크의 세기는 전반적으로 증가하여 0.07 mol에서 최대를 나타내었으나, 석영 기판 위에 증착된 박막의 경우에는 0.05 mol에서 최대를 보였다. 외선-가시광 분광계를 사용하여 서로 다른 Cu의 몰 비로 성장된 ZnO:Cu 박막에서 광학 흡수율 (absorbance) 스펙트럼을 측정하였으며, 이 데이터를 사용하여 평균 투과율을 계산한 결과, 투과율은 Cu의 몰 비에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. Cu의 몰 비가 0.07 mol일 때 평균 투과율은 80%로 가장 높았으며, 0.03 mol에서는 30%로 최소이었다. 광학밴드갭 에너지는 Tauc 모델을 사용하여 계산하였고, 결정 입자의 형상과 크기와의 상관 관계를 조사하였다.

  • PDF

Inter-ramet Physiological Integration Detected in Buffalograss(Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) under Water Stress (수분스트레스 하에 있는 버팔로그래스에서 검출된 무성생식체의 생리학적 조정)

  • Qian, Yongqiang;Li, Deying;Han, Lei;Ju, Guansheng;Liu, Junxiang;Wu, Juying;Sun, Zhenyuan
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.331-344
    • /
    • 2009
  • Buffalograss is an important turfgrass species with excellent cold, heat, and drought tolerance. Understanding the physiological integration of buffalograss under heterogeneous conditions helps to develop cultural practices that better use limited resources for uniform turf quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological integration of buffalograss under water deficit stress and the involvement of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the process. In one experiment, buffalograss was planted in the center of a four-compartment growth unit. Watering frequencies, once a week(+) and once in two weeks(-), were combined with the sand(S) or peat(P) in each unit to generate five total treatments(P+S-P-S+, P+P+P+P+, S-S-S-S-, P-P-P-P-, and S+S+S+S+). The average number of shoot established from the heterogeneous root-zone medium was higher than the average of four possible homogeneous media. In second experiment, single ramet in Hoagland solution($S_0$) or single ramet in Hoagland solution with 20% PEG-6000($S_s$) were compared with two connectedramets under different treatments. Treatments for connected ramets were young ramet in Hoagland solution($Y_{os}$) and old ramet in Hoagland solution with 20% PEG-6000($O_{os}$), and old ramet in Hoagland solution($O_{ys}$) and young ramet in Hoagland solution with 20% PEG-6000($Y_{ys}$). Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and proline showedphysiological integration between ramets subjected to different levels of water stress. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Guaiacol peroxidase(G-POD), malondialdehyde(MDA), and free proline also showed different time courses and relative activities during the physiological integration.

Synthesis of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate by homogeneous precipitate reaction of $Ca(OH)_2\;and Na_2CO_3$ ($Ca(OH)_2\;및 \;Na_2CO_3$수용액의 균일침전 반응에 의한 아라고나이트 침강성 탄산 칼슘의 합성)

  • Park, Jin-Koo;Park, Hyun-Seo;Ahn, Ji-Whan;Kim, Hwan;Park, Charn-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.110-114
    • /
    • 2004
  • Formation behavior of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate was investigated with changed the concentration of $Na_2CO_3$ solution and addition method which added in the $Ca(OH)_2$ slurry at $75^{\circ}C$. In this reaction, we found that $Na^+$ ions were substituted into $Ca^{2+}$ion site then disturb the growth of calcite, and while proceed the crystal growth in a certain direction and promote the formation of aragonite. Also, a decrease of reaction rate by control the concentration of $CO_3^{2-}$ ion, induce the homogeneous precipitate reaction and increase substitution ability of $Na^+$ ions, consequently it was promote the formation and growth of aragonite.

Electrochemical Etching of Silicon in Porous Silicon Layer Transfer Process for Thin Film Solar Cell Fabrication (초박형 태양전지의 Porous Si Layer Transfer 기술 적용을 위한 전기화학적 실리콘 에칭)

  • Lee, Ju-Young;Han, Wone-Keun;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
    • /
    • v.16 no.4
    • /
    • pp.55-60
    • /
    • 2009
  • Porous silicon film is fabricated by electrochemical etching in a chemical mixture of HF and ethanol. Effects of Si type, Si resistivity, ultrasonic frequency, current density and etching time on surface morphology of PS film were studied. Electrochemical etching in ultrasonic bath promotes the uniformity of porous layer of Si. Frequency of ultrasonic was increased from 40 kHz to 130 kHz to obtain uniform pores on the Si surface. When current density was higher, the sizes of pores were larger. The new etching cell using back contact metal and current shield help to overcome nonhomogeneity and current crowding effect, and then leads to fabricate uniform pores on the Si surface. The distribution of pore size shows no notable tendency with etching time.

  • PDF

Preparation of α-Al2O3 Nanoparticles by flame Spray Pyrolysis (ESP) of Microemulsion (마이크로에멀전의 화염분무열분해(ESP)에 의한 α-알루미나 나노입자의 제조)

  • 이상진;전병세
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.41 no.3
    • /
    • pp.242-246
    • /
    • 2004
  • Nano-sized a-alumina with a narrow distribution was prepared by using Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP). The microemulsion of water in oil (W/O) was prepared to make ultrafine droplets for FSP process. Kerosene (fuel) as a continuos phase and Al(NO$_3$)$_3$$.$9$H_2O$ (oxidizer) aqueous solution as a dispersed phase were prepared for microemulsification. The microemulsion with dispersion stability was obtained by adjusting the composition of 80 vol% kerosene, 10 vol% aqueous solution, and 10 vol% emulsifying agent. Microemulsion was sprayed onto the flame by using two-fluid nozzle spray gun under the condition of 0.03 ㎫ air pressure. The synthesized products were $\alpha$-alumina phase with the size of 20 to 30 nm.

Preparation and Characterization of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (La0.8Ca0.2MnO3의 합성 및 특성연구)

  • 정미원;이지윤;김현정
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.40 no.5
    • /
    • pp.434-440
    • /
    • 2003
  • The powders of L $a_{0.8}$C $a_{0.2}$Mn $O_3$ Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) materials were synthesized by sol-gel process. Lanthanum(H), Calcium(II) and Manganese(III) 2,4-Pentanedionate were dissolved in a mixed binary solution consisted of propionic acid and methanol with PEG (15 wt%) aqueous solution. The progress of reactions was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The Lao scao.2Mn03 gel powders were annealed at various temperatures. The structural changes were investigated by FT-IR, CP/MAS $^{ 13}$C solid state NMR spectroscopy and XRD. The thermochemical property, particle characterization, microstructure of sintered sample, and cation composition of gel powder were studied by TG/DTA, FE-SEM and ICP-AES. The magnetic characterizations were identified through measurement of magnetic moment by VSM.

Preparation of Electronic Paper using $TiO_2$ Nanoparticles ($TiO_2$ 나노입자를 이용한 전자종이 제조)

  • Lee, Nam-Hee;Kim, Joong-Hee;Hong, Wan-Sik;Jang, Moon-Ik;Ahn, Jin-Ho;Hwang, Jong-Sun;Kim, Sun-Jae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2004.11a
    • /
    • pp.97-102
    • /
    • 2004
  • 용액 중에서 나노입자의 전기영동 특성을 이용한 전자종이용 잉크 제조를 위해 $TiO_2$ 나노입자를 저유전율 용매인 cyclohexane에 혼합한 후 용매와 용질의 비중차를 줄이기 위해 분말 상 polyethylen을 첨가하여 high energy milling의 방법으로 입자분쇄와 동시에 입자 표면에 고분자 풍을 코팅하였다. 용액내의 입자 분산성 향상과 용매 착색을 위하여 계면활성제와 oil-blue N을 첨가한 후 전자종이용 잉크를 제조하여 측정한 제타 전위 결과 cyclohexane 내에서 $TiO_2$의 제타전위는 -40mV 정도였으나 polyethylene으로 코팅한 후 계면활성제를 첨가하였을 경우 최대 -110mV 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 실제 디스플레이 특성을 평가하기 위해 포토리소그래피를 이용하여 3인치 크기의 ITO glass 위에 $10{\mu}m$의 크기를 갖는 십자형의 격벽을 $40{\mu}m$의 높이로 균일하게 형성한 후 합성된 전자잉크로 주입하여 상부전극과 하부전극사이에 UV 경화제를 도포하여 UV 접합을 실시하였다. 격벽 내에서 입자의 mobility를 측정하여 환산된 전자잉크의 응답속도는 0.1cm/sec로 측정되었으나, 전기영동시 입자들의 움직임에 따른 반사광의 파형을 측정한 경우 0.07cm/sec의 응답속도를 나타내었다.

  • PDF

Determination of Metal Impurities at Near Surface of Silicon Wafer by Etching Method (에칭법을 이용한 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면 근처에서의 금속 분순물의 정량)

  • Kim, Young-Hoon;Chung, Hye-Young;Cho, Hyo-Yong;Lee, Bo-Young;Yoo, Hak-Do
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.200-206
    • /
    • 2000
  • The metal impurities in specific regions at near surface of silicon wafer were determined by constant depth etching·lt is possible to etch uniformly over the entire wafer surface by 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ depth with 5 mL of etching solution made up of HF and HNO$_3$ mixed by l:3 volume ratio. The microwave oven was used to evaporate the solution after etching. After spiking, The recoveries of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mg and K were found to be 99∼105%ted in polysilicon region and could be quantified by 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ depth.

  • PDF

Effect of Chemical Parameters on Aqueous Acrylamide Gelcasting (수용성 Acrylamide 겔캐스팅에 대한 화학적 변수의 영향)

  • Yun, Seog-Eun;Woo, Sang-Kuk;Bae, Kang;Kim, Dong-Pyo
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.10 no.5
    • /
    • pp.748-753
    • /
    • 1999
  • In gelcasting process of the Si powder slurry mixed with acrylamide monomers, it was characterized the effects of chemical parameters such as monomers and additives(polymerization initiator, catalyst and dispersant), Si powder and humidity at drying on processing parameters such as viscosity and idle time as well as on shrinkage and mechanical strength of green bodies. Generally, idle time decreased as initiator and catalyst amounts were increased, but rather depended on initiator. Idle times of the slurries greatly decreased to less than 1/2 time of the premix solutions in which gelation was delayed at higher MBAM portion as a crosslinking monomer. And fluidity of the slurries became worse at greater than 0.6 wt % dispersant. The green bodies showed only less than 7% of linear shrinkage without crack and distortion when dried for longer than 300 hrs under 98% humidity. Typically, the dried bodies containing 40, 50 vol % of Si powder displayed 64 and 36 Mpa in average, respectively.

  • PDF

Preparation and Characterizations of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (sGO)/Nafion Composite Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (고분자 전해질막 연료전지(PEMFCs)용 Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (sGO)/Nafion 복합막의 제조 및 특성분석)

  • Shin, Mun-Sik;Kang, Moon-Sung;Park, Jin-Soo
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.53-59
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, the composite membranes prepared by sulfonated graphene oxide (sGO) and Nafion were developed as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The sGO/Nafion composite membranes were prepared by mixing Nafion solution with the sGO dispersed in a binary solvent system to improve dispersity of sGO. The composite membranes were investigated in terms of ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC), FT-IR, TGA and SEM, etc. As a result, the binary solvent system, i.e., ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODB) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), were used to obtain high dispersion of sGO particles in Nafion solution, and the ionic conductivity of the sGO/Nafion composite membrane showed $0.06Scm^{-1}$ similar to other research results at lower water uptake, 11 wt%.