• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2008

"난경(難經)"의 오유혈(五兪穴) 이론(理論)이 가장 많이 제기되는 문제는 '육십팔난(六十八難)'의 오유혈(五兪穴)의 주치작용(主治作用)이다. "영추 본수편(靈樞 本輸篇)"에서는 다만 오유혈(五兪穴)의 명칭과 위치에 대해서 소개하고 있지, 계통적인 주치에 대한 설명이 없고, '육십팔난(六十八難)'에서 명확히 5가지 종류의 질병에 대해서 귀납(歸納)하고 오유혈(五兪穴)이 주관하는 병증(病證)을 분별하여 후세의 모범이 되고 있다. 그러나 "난경(難經)"에서 오유혈(五兪穴)에 대해서 물이 흐르는 형상을 비유하여 사지(四肢)에서 체간(體幹)으로 향하는 노선으로 설명하고 있는데, 이는 "내경(內經)"의 십이경맥(十二經脈)이 여환무단(如環無端)하는 체계와 전혀 부합하지 않아서 학문과 임상에 있어서 지금까지도 혼란을 야기하고 있다. 그동안 "갑골문자(甲骨文字)"를 해독하기 위한 심도 있고 다양한 연구가 진행된 결과 고문자(古文字)의 해독(解讀)잘못된 계산식을 위한 공구서(工具書)들이 많이 개발되었는데, 본 논문은 그러한 고문자(古文字) 해독(解讀)의 연구방법(硏究方法)을 통해 "난경(難經)"의 오유혈(五兪穴) 이론(理論)의 난제(難題)를 해결하고자 한 것이다. 예를 들어 정형수경합(井滎輸經合)에 대해서 "난경(難經)"의 '육십팔난(六十八難)'에서 "소출위정(所出爲井), 소류위형(所流爲滎), 소주위유(所注爲兪), 소행위경(所行爲經), 소입위합(所入位合)"이라고 설명한 그 것 중에서 출(出), 류(流), 주(注), 행(行), 입(入)과 정(井), 형(滎), 유(兪), 경(經), 합(合)의 글자를 고문자(古文字) 해독(解讀)의 측면에서 재해석함으로써 이를 의학적(醫學的)으로 활용할 수 있도록 그 실마리를 제공하였다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.501-515
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• 2018

In this study, the method of multiple working hypotheses (MMWH) as a method of earth scientific inquiry was applied in a context of abductive reasoning about the formation of a rock with a specific structure, and the characteristics of MMWH revealed in the reasoning process were explored. Participants were 31 senior undergraduate students enrolled in a course in a university of education. As part of the course, the participants performed abductive inquiry with multiple working hypotheses about the formation of a rock. The students were asked to record both the processes and results of their reasoning in sketchbooks. The content of the students' sketchbook reports was analyzed according to the principle of analytic induction. Results demonstrated four assertions. First, the participants' working hypotheses were suggested in the use of resource models, and the adaption of the resource models often occurred in this process. Second, the perceptual properties of evidence influenced the activation of the resource models. Third, the kinds of observed evidence and the different interpretations of evidence resulted into different judgments on working hypotheses. Fourth, sometimes new hypotheses were generated by the combination of alternative hypotheses. Implications of these findings for earth science education and relevant research were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.406-409
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• 2008

We consider the problem of exploiting a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes in order to learn compact and robust classifiers. We introduce Propositionalized Attribute Taxonomy guided Naive Bayes Learner (PAT-NBL), an inductive learning algorithm that exploits a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes as prior knowledge to generate compact and accurate classifiers. PAT-NBL uses top-down and bottom-up search to find a locally optimal cut that corresponds to the instance space from propositionalized attribute taxonomy and data. Our experimental results on University of California-Irvine (UCI) repository data sets show that the proposed algorithm can generate a classifier that is sometimes comparably compact and accurate to those produced by standard Naive Bayes learners.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2357-2364
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• 2008

In this paper, we consider the problem of exploiting a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes in order to generate compact and robust classifiers. We introduce Propositionalized Attribute Taxonomy guided Naive Bayes Learner (PAT-NBL), an inductive learning algorithm that exploits a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes as prior knowledge to generate compact and accurate classifiers. PAT-NBL uses top-down and bottom-up search to find a locally optimal cut that corresponds to the instance space from propositionalized attribute taxonomy and data. Our experimental results on University of California-Irvine (UCI) repository data set, show that the proposed algorithm can generate a classifier that is sometimes comparably compact and accurate to those produced by standard Naive Bayes learners.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Fault localization plays a significant role in enormous distributed system because it can identify root cause of observed faults automatically, supporting self-managing which remains an open topic in managing and controlling complex distributed systems to improve system reliability. Although many Artificial Intelligent techniques have been introduced in support of fault localization in recent research especially in increasing complex ubiquitous environment, the provided functions such as diagnosis and prediction are limited. In this paper, we propose fault localization for self-managing in performance evaluation in order to improve system reliability via learning and analyzing real-time streams of system performance events. We use probabilistic reasoning functions based on the basic Bayes' rule to provide effective mechanism for managing and evaluating system performance parameters automatically, and hence the system reliability is improved. Moreover, due to large number of considered factors in diverse and complex fault reasoning domains, we develop an efficient method which extracts relevant parameters having high relationships with observing problems and ranks them orderly. The selected node ordering lists will be used in network modeling, and hence improving learning efficiency. Using the approach enables us to diagnose the most probable causal factor with responsibility for the underlying performance problems and predict system situation to avoid potential abnormities via posting treatments or pretreatments respectively. The experimental application of system performance analysis by using the proposed approach and various estimations on efficiency and accuracy show that the availability of the proposed approach in performance evaluation domain is optimistic.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

Scientific inquiry has emphasized its importance in various aspects of science learning and has been performed according to various methods and purposes. Among the various aspects of science learning, it is emphasized to develop core competencies with science, such as scientific thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to support students to be able to formulate scientific reasoning properly. This study attempts to explore problem-finding and scientific reasoning in the process of performing scientific inquiry. This study also aims to reveal what factors influence this complex process. For this purpose, this study analyzed the inquiry process and results performed by two groups of college students who conducted the inquiry related to osmosis. To analyze, research plans, presentations, and group interviews were used. As a result, it was found that participants used various scientific reasoning, such as deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning, in the process of problem finding for their inquiry about osmosis. In the process of inquiry and reasoning complexly, anomalous data, which appear regularly, and the characteristics of experimental instruments influenced their reasoning. Various reasons were produced for the purpose of constructing the best explanation about the phenomena observed by participants themselves. Finally, based on the results of this study, several implications for the development context of programs using scientific inquiry are discussed.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.65
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• pp.530-538
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• 2018

Recently, museums are attracting the attention of visitors and society. However, research on museum interpretation conducted at domestic and foreign is relatively limited. The plan design of the museum commentary system was mainly based on the perspective of the experts, and most of them do not reflect the desire of the visitors. This study focused on visitors' experience of using museum Interpretation system. Through analyzing the effect of the Interpretation system of the museum that the visitor feels, we examined whether the Interpretation system of the museum meets the cultural needs of the visitors and identified the problems and deficiencies in the system. After that, the problems were rearranged and suggested the main elements of the commentary system of the museum finally, so as to help improve the museum commentary system and the educational function.In the first part of the study, the four major explanatory methods existing in the museum were confirmed. After that, we conducted in - depth interviews on four types of commentary methods and collected existing problems and deficiencies. The results of the type analysis were grouped into 14 types and the questionnaire was used to conduct a general survey on 14 problems. In this study, the user 's discomfort and problems were identified in the museum Interpretation system, and based on this, five key elements necessary for the museum Interpretation system were derived. Among them, inhalation is the weakest element in the museum commentary system, and future research will be conducted on how to apply each factor. I hope that you will be a reference material when you carry out research on the optimization of the Interpretation system of the museum and the improvement of the Interpretation experience.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.80-80
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1447-1457
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• 1999

Visual Object Query language(VOQL) proposed recently is a visual object-oriented database query language which can effectively represent queries on complex structured data, since schema information is visually included in query expressions. VOQL, which is a graph-based query language with inductively defined semantics, can concisely represent various text-based path expressions by graph, and clearly convey the semantics of complex path expressions. however, the existing VOQL assumes that all the attributes are multi-valued, and cannot visualize the concept of binding of object variables. therefore, VPAL query expressions are not intuitive, so that it is difficult to extend the existing VOQL theoretically. In this paper, we propose VOQL that improved on these problems. The improved VOQL visualizes the result of a single-valued attribute and that of a multi-valued attribute as a visual element and a subblob, respectively, and specifies the binding of object variables by introducing visual variables, so that the improved VOQL intuitively and clearly represents the semantics of queries.