• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment, panorama & MRI findings and cephalometric characteristics in 42 patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Female was 34 and male was 8, females were predominant. Distribution of age showed as follows; 10s was 14, 20s was 13, 30s was 7, 40s was 3, 50s was 4 and 60s was 1 patient. 10s and 20s were predominant. 2) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 2. Findings of panorama & MRI 1) Most of the patients had degree of Grade II condylar resorption by panorama taking. 2) Most of the patients had disc dislocation and belonged to the degree of stage IV by MRI taking. 3. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) SN, SAr and saddle angle in female patients were significantly smaller and SN in male patients showed only significantly smaller than normal group. 2) SNA showed no difference from the normal group in both patients. SNB was smaller and ANB was lager in female patients than normal group. 3) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in patients. 4) Total posterior facial height & ramus height were significantly smaller. 5) Mandibular body length did not show any significant difference.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-188
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a three dimensional cephalogram constructed by using the frontal and lateral cephalogram of twelve human dry skulls. After achieving the three dimensional image reconstruction program, we tried to apply this program to two dentofacial deformity patients. 1. Conventional nasion relator in cephalostat was used to reproduce the same head position for the same dry skull. The mean difference of the three dimensional cephalogram for the same dry skull was $0.34{\pm}0.33mm$. Closeness of repeated measures to each skull reveals the precision of this method for the three dimensional cephalogram. 2. Concerning the accuracy, the mean difference between the three dimensional reconstruction data and actual lineal measurements was $1.47{\pm}1.45mm$ and the mean magnification ratio was $100.24{\pm}4.68%$. This Diffrerence is attributed mainly to the ill defined cephalometric landmarks, not to the positional change of the dry skull. 3. Cephalometric measurement of lateral and frontal radiographs had no consecutive magnification ratio because of the different focus-object distance. The mean difference between the frontal and lateral cephalogram to the actual lineal measurements was $4.72{\pm}2.01mm$ and $-5.22{\pm}3.36mm$. Vertical measurements were slightly more accurate than horizontal measurements. 4. Applying to the actual patient analysis, it is recommendable to use this program for analyzing the asymmetry or spatial change after operation. The orthodontic bracket would be a favorable cephalometric landmark for constructing the three dimensional images.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

Skin dermal fibroblast is the major collagen-producing cell type in human skin. As aging process continues in human skin, collagen production is reduced and fragmentation is increased, which is initiated by matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This imbalance of collagen homeostasis impairs the structure and function of dermal collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby promoting skin aging. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a member of the CCN family, negatively regulates collagen homeostasis in primary human skin dermal fibroblast cells. It is known in aging fibroblast cells that elevated CCN1 expression substantially reduces type I procollagen and concurrently increases MMP-1, which initiates fibrillar collagen degradation. And proliferation rate of aging fibroblast cells is reduced compared to the pre-aging fibroblast cells. In this study, we confirmed that the replicative senescence dermal fibroblast cells increased the expression levels of MMP-1 and decreased the production of type I procollagen. Our results also showed that the replicative senescence dermal fibroblast cells increased in the expression of CCN1 and decreased in the proliferation rate. Hydrolyzed Ulva pertusa extracts are the materials to improve photo-aging by reducing the expression of MMP-1 that was increased by ultraviolet and by promoting the synthesis of new collagen from fibroblast cells. In this study, we also investigated the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract to see whether it inhibits CCN1 protein expression in the senescence fibroblasts. Results showed that the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and increased the production of type I procollagen in the aging skin fibroblast cells cultured. In addition, the proteins that regulate collagen homeostasis CCN1 expression were greatly reduced. The hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract increased the proliferation rate of the aging fibroblast cells. These results suggest that replicative senescent fibroblast cells may be used in the study of cosmetic ingredients as a model of the natural aging. In conclusion, the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract can be used in anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic material to improve the natural aging skin care as well as photo-aging.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-124
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• 2015

The 'Imjin System' (or Rimjin System) was established in 1962 as a new stratigraphic unit separated from the Upper Paleozoic Pyeongan System based on the discovery of brachiopods and echinoderms of possible Devonian age. Subsequent discoveries of the Middle Devonian charophytes confirmed the Devonian age of the system. The Imjin System is distributed in the Imjingang Belt between the Pyongnam Basin and the Gyeonggi Massif, spans from the eastern areas including Cholwon-gun of the Gangwon Province, Gumchon-gun, Phanmun-gun, and Tosan-gun of the Hwanghaebuk Province, to the western areas of Gangryong-gun and Ongjin-gun of the Hwanghaenam Province, and includes the Yeoncheon Group (metamorphic complex) to the south. Unlike the lower Paleozoic strata in the Pyongnam Basin which solely produce marine invertebrate fossils, the Imjin System yields diverse non-marine plant and algal fossils. Brachiopods of the system are similar to those from the Devonian of the South China Block and include taxa endemic to the platform, implying a close paleogeographic affinity to the South China Block. The Imjin System is generally considered as of Middle to Late Devonian in age, although there have been suggestions that the system is of the Middle Devonian to Carboniferous in age. North Korean workers postulated that the Imjin System was deposited in the current geographic position, where the "Imjin Sea" (an extension of the South China Platform) was located during the Devonian. The Imjin System displays strong local variations in stratigraphy and its thickness. It has recently been reported that the strata are repeated and overturned by thrust faults in many exposures. The Yeoncheon Group a southward extension of the Imjin System, also experienced intense tight folding and contractional deformation. Northward decrease in metamorphic grade within the system suggests that the northern part of the Gyeonggi Massif and the Imjingang Belt are probably an extension of the Dabie-Sulu Belt between the South China and Sino-Korean blocks, and the Imjin System is an remnant of accretion resulted from the collision between the two blocks. In order to understand tectonic evolution and Paleozoic paleogeography of eastern Asia, further studies on stratigraphic, sedimentologic and tectonic evolution of the Imjin System involving scientists from the two Koreas are urgently needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.554-563
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• 2013

The changes in quality properties and nutritional components for two mugworts, namely, Artemisia capillaris Thumberg Artemisiae asiaticae Nakai fermented by Bacillus strains were characterized followed by rapid pattern analysis of volatile flavor compounds through the SAW-based electronic nose sensor in the GC system. After fermentation, the pH has remarkably decreased from 6.0~6.4 to 4.6~5.1 and there has been a slight change in the total soluble solids. The L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values in the Hunter's color system significantly decreased, whilst the a (redness) value increased via fermentation. The HPLC analysis demonstrated that the total amino acids increased in quantity and the essential amino acids were higher in the A. asiaticae Nakai than in the A. capillaris Thumberg, specially with high contents of glutamic and aspartic acid. After fermentation, the monounsaturated fatty acid increased in the A. asiaticae Nakai and the polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in the A. capillaris Thumberg. While the total polyphenol contents have not been affected by fermentation, the total sugar contents have dramatically decreased. Scopoletin, which is one of the most important index components in mugworts, was highly abundant in the A. capillaris Thumberg; however, it was not detected in the A. asiaticae Nakai. Small pieces of plant tissue in the surface microstructure were found in the fermented mugworts through the use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Volatile flavor compounds via electronic nose showed that the intensity of several peaks has increased and additional seven flavor peaks have been produced after fermentation. The VaporPrintTM images demonstrated a notable difference in flavors between the A. asiaticae Nakai and A. capillaris Thumberg, and the fermentation enabled the mugworts to produce subtle differences in flavor.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-79
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• 2011

Korea has accomplished the establishment of the National Single Window for Paperless Trade. Since 1991, it has developed Trade Automation Service System based on EDI technology. In 2003, Korean government and private sectors jointly began to set up National Paperless Trade Service( e-Trade Service) as one of the e-government projects. In 2008, they commenced the uTradeHub Service which was equipped with Internet based e-B/L and e-Nego service systems for the first time in the world To facilitate the service Korea amended its e-Trade facilitation Act and Law by 2007. At the end of 2011, Korea historically recorded its trade volume of 1 trillion US dollars and joined '$1 trillion trade club' as the 9the member country since the country had started international trade less than five decades ago. A rolling out of the e-B/L and e-Nego service will 'ally reduce the transaction costs of trading businesses and accelerate the activation e-trade services. The purposes of the study are to examine 'e-B/L Korea' service and its facilitation strategies as well as identify obstacles to utilize the 'e-B/L Korea' service. The paper reviewed and analyzed Korea's Paperless trade system and distinctive characteristics of the 'e-B/L Korea Service. Parts of the fOWld distinctive characteristics of the Korea's e-B/L service are as follows; It is well equiped with IT and legal system. It also has more that 30,000 potential users who are already uTradeHub service users. The paper indicated several weaknesses of the current system such as global KPI issues, circulation of the electronic documents not only in the domestic market but also among economies, development of the electronic Bill of Exchange. As resolution measures, the paper recommended the introduction of mutual recognition system of PKI among trade partner counties, setting up e-trade solution for small and medium companies, and special attention to raise users' awareness of the e-B/L service.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.538-543
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• 2008

Recently a nano-scale diamond is possible to manufacture forms of powder(below 100 nm) by new processing of explosion or deposition method. Using a sintering of nano-scale diamond is possible to manufacture of grinding tools. We have need of a processing development of coated uniformly inorganic to prevent an abnormal grain growth of nano-crystal and bonding obstacle caused by sintering process. This paper, in order to improve the sintering property of nano-scale diamond, we coated ZnO thin films(thickness: $20{\sim}30\;nm$) in a vacuum by ALD(atomic layer deposition) Economically, in order to deposit ZnO all over the surface of nano-scale diamond powder, we used a new modified fluidized bed processing replaced mechanical vibration effect or fluidized bed reactor which utilized diamond floating owing to pressure of pulse(or purge) processing after inserted diamond powders in quartz tube(L: 20 mm) then closed quartz tube by porosity glass filter. We deposited ZnO thin films by ALD in closed both sides of quartz tube by porosity glass filter by ALD(precursor: DEZn($C_4H_{10}Zn$), reaction gas: $H_2O$) at $10^{\circ}C$(in canister). Processing procedure and injection time of reaction materials set up DEZn pulse-0.1 sec, DEZn purge-20 sec, $H_2O$ pulse-0.1 sec, $H_2O$ purge-40 sec and we put in operation repetitive 100 cycles(1 cycle is 4 steps) We confirmed microstructure of diamond powder and diamond powder doped ZnO thin film by TEM(transmission electron microscope) Through TEM analysis, we confirmed that diamond powder diameter was some $70{\sim}120\;nm$ and shape was tetragonal, hexagonal, etc before ALD. We confirmed that diameter of diamond powders doped ZnO thin film was some $70{\sim}120\;nm$ and uniform ZnO(thickness: $20{\sim}30\;nm$) thin film was successfully deposited on diamond powder surface according to brightness difference between diamond powder and ZnO.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1993

The predeccessor of Danjanjinja was Myorak temple which is built in the 7th century. At that age, the Buddhist culture of Japan had highly prospected by transmitting Buddhism to Japan from Han peninsular On the other hand, the private god of Fujiwara family in Danjanjinja is Uchigami which is one of typical Japanese popular belief like Dangshin of Korean's. Through these historical background, it could by presumed that the Kakitsisai might be the original form of Korean Buddhist sacrificial offerings from ancient age. So this study on Kakitsisai what had handed down from generation to generation about for 1300 years help us to study and estimate the ancient dietary culture of Korean and Japanese. 1. Kakitsisai performed high filling method in the sacrificial offerings like Kasuga, Horyuji and Korea. 2. The patterns and colors of high filling offerings are various in Korea and Japan. 3. They used unpolished rice by ancient rice, and called red and black one. We can guess both of countries ate unpolished rice at that age. 4. They used many kind of ancient wild fruits and vegetables. We could recognize what the ancients had eaten the foods.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.479-488
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• 2002

In recent years the amount of digital video used has risen dramatically to keep pace with the increasing use of the Internet and consequently an automated method is needed for indexing digital video databases. Textual information, both superimposed and embedded scene texts, appearing in a digital video can be a crucial clue for helping the video indexing. In this paper, a new method is presented to extract both superimposed and embedded scene texts in a freeze-frame of news video. The algorithm is summarized in the following three steps. For the first step, a color image is converted into a gray-level image and applies contrast stretching to enhance the contrast of the input image. Then, a modified local adaptive thresholding is applied to the contrast-stretched image. The second step is divided into three processes: eliminating text-like components by applying erosion, dilation, and (OpenClose+CloseOpen)/2 morphological operations, maintaining text components using (OpenClose+CloseOpen)/2 operation with a new Geo-correction method, and subtracting two result images for eliminating false-positive components further. In the third filtering step, the characteristics of each component such as the ratio of the number of pixels in each candidate component to the number of its boundary pixels and the ratio of the minor to the major axis of each bounding box are used. Acceptable results have been obtained using the proposed method on 300 news images with a recognition rate of 93.6%. Also, my method indicates a good performance on all the various kinds of images by adjusting the size of the structuring element.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 2018

Puffing process modifies the chemical and physical properties of the grains. In this study, oats were puffed by subjecting them to pressure of 1.0 and 1.2 MPa, following which the bioactive constituents and antioxidant activities in the oat extracts were investigated. The polyphenol content in puffed oat extracts increased in a pressure-dependent manner (109 and 157 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g at 1.0 and 1.2 MPa, respectively). In addition, gallic acid was synthesized after puffing ($518{\mu}g/g$ of extract at 1.0 MPa) and was the most abundant phenolic acid in puffed oats. The antioxidant activities, which were determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, were improved in oat extracts after puffing (+245 and +184% at 1.2 MPa, respectively). In conclusion, puffing process of oats increased the extractability of polyphenols, including gallic acid, which positively affected its antioxidant activities. These results will provide useful information when using puffed oats for food production.