• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.459-467
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• 2007

The effects of turbid water on fish community was investigated in a clear reference stream (the Bongsan Steam) and a turbid stream (the Daegi Stream) located in the upstream region of the South Han River, Korea. The stress index (SI) of suspended solids (SS) were calculated during a rain event concentration by the equation SI=LN (SS${\times}$duration). EMC of SS was $1{\sim}13$ mg $L^{-1}$ in the clear stream with a mean SI of 5.2, while SS was $97{\sim}1,150$ mg $L^{-1}$ in the turbid stream with a mean SI of 10.3. Even though the number of species was not much different, the dominant species of the two steams were distinctly different. The reference stream was dominated by upstream species such as Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, and Cottus poecilopus which are typical upstream community. Whereas the turbid streams was dominated by Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, Zacco koreanus, and Orthrias nudus which are representatives of middle reache community. Fish density was four times higher in the clear steam than the turbid stream. In the similarity analysis of fish communities the community of the turbid stream showed large dissimilarity with other communities in other streams of similar size. In conclusion, although turbidity might be at the sublethal concentration, fish communities are under stress in some turbid streams of Korea that is strong enough to induce community change. It can be an example of a chronic ecological toxicity of turbidity at the community level.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 2015

Plants can respond and adapt to cold stress through regulation of gene expression in various biochemical and physiological processes. Cold stress triggers decreased rates of metabolism, modification of cell walls, and loss of membrane function. Hence, this study was conducted to construct coexpression networks for time-based expression pattern analysis of genes related to cold stress in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). B. rapa cold stress networks were constructed with 2,030 nodes, 20,235 edges, and 34 connected components. The analysis suggests that similar genes responding to cold stress may also regulate development of Chinese cabbage. Using this network model, it is surmised that cold tolerance is strongly related to activation of chitinase antifreeze proteins by WRKY transcription factors and salicylic acid signaling, and to regulation of stomatal movement and starch metabolic processes for systemic acquired resistance in Chinese cabbage. Moreover, within 48 h, cold stress triggered transition from vegetative to reproductive phase and meristematic phase transition. In this study, we demonstrated that this network model could be used to precisely predict the functions of cold resistance genes in Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 1988

The method for the measurement of texture hardening phenomena, which is the limiting factor of shelf-life of Yaksik in the market, was established. The changes in the hardening rate by the processing conditions and the storage temperature and time were examined. The standard sample made by traditional method could be kept at room temperature$(20{\circ}C)$ for 3 days and the multipuncture force measured at the end of marketable quality was 700g. The hardening rate increased rapidly by storing at $5^{\circ}C$ and the ratio of hardening rate constants between room temperature and $5^{\circ}C$ storage reached to $1.3{\sim}3.3$ depending on the processing condition. The largest ratio was observed by the sample made from pressure cooker. The addition of corn syrup retarded the hardening rate. The pressure cooking resulted in making too soft product, which diminished the panel preference, but it extend the shelf-life when products were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ microwave cooking resulted in making too hard texture which was not acceptable. The overall quality preference of Yaksik was decided by the textural preference and the latter showed significant inverse correlation with the maximum force of multipuncture test. Therefore, it was concluded that multipuncture test was useful for the measurement of the quality of Yaksik.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.901-919
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• 2010

We have examined the perception and the knowledge of science-gifted students and general students in middle school level about high technology related to the science. The subjects of the investigation were 113 gifted students belonging to the universities' science-gifted education center in Busan or Ulsan, and 159 general students belonging to 2 middle schools in Busan. The survey was conducted with questionnaires on the perceptions concerning the high technology related to the science and the knowledge of a cellular phone without an antenna, and an LED(Light Emission Diode). The results of this survey concluded that the gifted students were more interested and aware of the high technology than the general students, these results are statistically significant. It has been found that there are significant differences between the gifted students and the general students in terms of the areas they want to learn, the source of information and the preferred learning method in advanced science and technology. Also, the gifted students were recognized to be better than general students in understanding an electromagnetic wave related to a cellular phone without an antenna, and a semiconductor connection with an LED.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.546-551
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• 2002

Nutritional composition and phenolic compounds of raw propolis collected from falseacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and chestnut tree (Castanea crenata), and their 70% ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were analyzed. Propolis had high crude lipid content, but no significant differences in general compositions in terms of collection area and plant origins. Mineral contents varied greatly depending on the plant origins, with falseacacia propolis showing the highest mineral content. Sixteen amino acids were analyzed, among which aspartic acid content was the highest at $328.4{\sim}410.6\;mg%$ and methionine the lowest at $0{\sim}21.1\;mg%$. Extraction yield for EEP was relatively high at $64.2{\sim}81.9%$, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $13.9{\sim}23.7$ and $8.6{\sim}10.8%$, respectively. HPTLC and HPLC analysis on the phenolic compounds revealed the overall chromatographic patterns were almost equal, showing similar polyphenol compositions between the propolis. About 16 peaks were identified by HPLC analysis, among which 6 peaks of p-hydroxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, and chrysin were identified.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.613-623
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• 2017

This study is aimed at verifying the effect of class-based group art therapy program on child's emotional regulation and school adjustment improvement. The target of this study consisted of the lowest-leveled 3rd graders among the students attending A Elementary School, located in 00, Daejeon City, who were tested for school adjustment. The class-based group art therapy program was implemented from October 15, 2014 to November 19, 2014, once a week, for 40 minutes for each session, a total of six rounds. For this study, the scale of emotional regulation and school adjustment was used by pre-post comparison. As an analysis method for verifying the effects of this study, ANCOVA was used in consideration of pre-test, in comparison of post-test results between groups, regarding the scale factors of emotional regulation and school adjustment. As a result of analysis, first, child's emotional regulation was significantly improved after the program performance. Second, child's school adjustment. was significantly improved after the program performance. In conclusion, class-based group art therapy program let children see through the process of emotional change, and properly regulate their emotions. At the same time, the program provided situations in which peers meet together casually, giving a positive change for school adjustment improvement based on the peer relationship. In addition, this study has a meaning to help enjoying school life, by constructing a proper program to be applied at school in a variety of ways.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

Language intervention through cooking activity programs is designed to provide an efficient teaching method and improved educational environment in the field of teaching. This program addresses the effects of this program on the language development of three three-year-old infants (M;2, F;1) in the Center in Seoul. A cooking topic suitable for the age of this group was selected. The language Intervention was conducted for 50 minutes per week for a total of 25 times, and made use of vocabulary, verbs and nouns related to cooking which were evenly distributed. In this study, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), receptive language age (RLA) and expressive language age (ELA), and Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) were used to analyze the collected data. After the study, the cooking activity was accomplished with normal development outcomes appearing in the ability of vocabulary, receptive language, expressive language, and integrated language. There is now a solid evidence base supporting the efficacy of cooking activity in producing positive outcomes in the language development of language delayed infants. Consequently, cooking can induce their active participation and interest and extend their language abilities through various experiences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

This study employs an analytical mathematical model to estimate the optimal debt ratio of Korean agricultural corporations, more sensitive to the government debt ratio policy compared to other industries, and the estimation of the optimal debt ratio based on objective data. The analytical model utilizes the equation for ROE, with the debt ratio as an independent variable, and related parameters include ROS, TAT, and NFCL. Regarding the NFCL, the optimal debt ratio standard is defined as the debt ratio that maximizes the ROE by analytical procedures such as adding an equation concerning the debt ratio and a linearity relationship to the analytical model, and from these equations, a quadratic equation with the debt ratio as an independent variable describes the ROE. This methodemploys fourteen years of corporate data. Results show that 138% of debt ratio is the optimal debt ratio to increase the ROE of the corporations, which implies that the existing debt ratio of Korean agricultural corporations is higher than optimal. Consequently, it is required for authorities to change future debt ratio policies in view that the purpose of debt ratio management is to maintain safety and increase profitability.Management should emphasize characteristics of the specific industry rather than standardized judgements based on numerical indexes.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 1999

대규모 네트워크 상에서 동작하는 분산 시스템의 구현을 위해 제시된 방법 중의 하나인 이동 코드 개념은 네트워크 공유 자원에 접근할 수 있는 효과적인 방법을 제시하였고 이 개념을 지원하는 많은 언어들의 개발을 가져왔다. 개발된 언어들이 가지고 있는 이동 코드를 지원하기 위한 언어 구문과 적용하려는 문제 영역의 특성을 반영한 언어 구문은 네트워크 프로그래밍을 하는데 있어서 효율과 문제 중심의 프로그램의 두 가지를 모두 가능하게 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 클라이언트-서버 모델을 확장하여 서버의 자원에 접근할 수 있는 또 다른 방법을 가진 모델을 제시하고, 이 모델을 표현할 수 있는 언어를 설계하였다. 설계된 언어는 이동 코드의 개념을 지원함으로써 대규모 네트워크에서 수행되는 프로그램의 작성을 가능하게 하고, 분산 범위 규칙을 채택함으로써 이동 코드의 기술을 일반 함수를 기술하듯 명확한 관점에서 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 네트워크 관련 자원들을 언어 구문으로 채택하여 네트워크 프로그래밍을 언어 수준에서 할 수 있도록 하였다. 언어의 이론적인 설계에 그치지 않고 설계된 언어를 수행할 수 있는 실행 시간 지원 시스템을 구현하였다. 실행 시간 지원 시스템은 언어를 해석하고 실행하는 코드 해석기와 이동 코드를 지원하는 네트워크 감독으로 구성되며 설계된 언어를 사용하여 실제로 네트워크 응용 프로그램을 작성하고 테스트 해 볼 수 있다.Abstract Some studies bring up a concept of code mobility as an innovative way to access network resources in order to develop distributed systems working on a large scale network. After that, many languages are suggested to support this concept. In these languages, language constructors for their particular application domains and mobile codes provide both problem-oriented views to the programmer and reasonable performance to the system. In this thesis, we extend the client-server model that is the most popular model in developing distributed systems these days. We propose a model to have another method to access server's resources and extend the C language to implement the proposed model for the large scale network. The new language has capability to build a software working on a large scale network by supporting mobile code and gives a consistent network programming view to the programmer by adapting distributed semantics. The language also makes network programming easy by providing network primitives at the language level. We implement a prototype of run-time system to support this language. The run-time system is composed of two major parts: code-interpreter that interprets and executes the language and network-daemon that supports mobile codes.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

About 75% of software security incidents are caused by software vulnerability. In addition, the after-market repairing cost of the software is higher by more than 30 times than that in the design stage. In this background, the secure coding has been proposed as one of the ways to solve this kind of maintenance problems. Various institutions have addressed the weakness patterns of the standard software. A new Korean programming language Saesark has been proposed to resolve the security weakness on the language level. However, the previous study on Saesark can not resolve the security weakness caused by the API. This paper proposes a way to resolve the security weakness due to the API. It adopts a static analyzer inspecting dangerous methods. It classifies the dangerous methods of the API into two groups: the methods of using tainted data and those accepting in-flowing tainted data. It analyses the security weakness in four steps: searching for the dangerous methods, configuring a call graph, navigating a path between the method for in-flowing tainted data and that uses tainted data on the call graph, and reporting the security weakness detected. To measure the effectiveness of this method, two experiments have been performed on the new version of Saesark adopting the static analysis. The first experiment is the comparison of it with the previous version of Saesark according to the Java Secure Coding Guide. The second experiment is the comparison of the improved Saesark with FindBugs, a Java program vulnerability analysis tool. According to the result, the improved Saesark is 15% more safe than the previous version of Saesark and the F-measure of it 68%, which shows the improvement of 9% point compared to 59%, that of FindBugs.