• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.175-191
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• 2011

With the MICE(Meeting, Incentive travel, Convention, Exhibition) industry coming into the spotlight, there has been a growing interest in the domestic exhibition industry. Accordingly, in Korea, various studies of the industry are being conducted to enhance exhibition performance as in the United States or Europe. Some studies are focusing particularly on analyzing visiting patterns of exhibition visitors using intelligent information technology in consideration of the variations in effects of watching exhibitions according to the exhibitory environment or technique, thereby understanding visitors and, furthermore, drawing the correlations between exhibiting businesses and improving exhibition performance. However, previous studies related to booth recommendation systems only discussed the accuracy of recommendation in the aspect of a system rather than determining changes in visitors' behavior or perception by recommendation. A booth recommendation system enables visitors to visit unplanned exhibition booths by recommending visitors suitable ones based on information about visitors' visits. Meanwhile, some visitors may be satisfied with their unplanned visits, while others may consider the recommending process to be cumbersome or obstructive to their free observation. In the latter case, the exhibition is likely to produce worse results compared to when visitors are allowed to freely observe the exhibition. Thus, in order to apply a booth recommendation system to exhibition halls, the factors affecting the performance of the system should be generally examined, and the effects of the system on visitors' unplanned visiting behavior should be carefully studied. As such, this study aims to determine the factors that affect the performance of a booth recommendation system by reviewing theories and literature and to examine the effects of visitors' perceived performance of the system on their satisfaction of unplanned behavior and intention to reuse the system. Toward this end, the unplanned behavior theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Unplanned behavior can be defined as "behavior that is done by consumers without any prearranged plan". Thus far, consumers' unplanned behavior has been studied in various fields. The field of marketing, in particular, has focused on unplanned purchasing among various types of unplanned behavior, which has been often confused with impulsive purchasing. Nevertheless, the two are different from each other; while impulsive purchasing means strong, continuous urges to purchase things, unplanned purchasing is behavior with purchasing decisions that are made inside a store, not before going into one. In other words, all impulsive purchases are unplanned, but not all unplanned purchases are impulsive. Then why do consumers engage in unplanned behavior? Regarding this question, many scholars have made many suggestions, but there has been a consensus that it is because consumers have enough flexibility to change their plans in the middle instead of developing plans thoroughly. In other words, if unplanned behavior costs much, it will be difficult for consumers to change their prearranged plans. In the case of the exhibition hall examined in this study, visitors learn the programs of the hall and plan which booth to visit in advance. This is because it is practically impossible for visitors to visit all of the various booths that an exhibition operates due to their limited time. Therefore, if the booth recommendation system proposed in this study recommends visitors booths that they may like, they can change their plans and visit the recommended booths. Such visiting behavior can be regarded similarly to consumers' visit to a store or tourists' unplanned behavior in a tourist spot and can be understand in the same context as the recent increase in tourism consumers' unplanned behavior influenced by information devices. Thus, the following research model was established. This research model uses visitors' perceived performance of a booth recommendation system as the parameter, and the factors affecting the performance include trust in the system, exhibition visitors' knowledge levels, expected personalization of the system, and the system's threat to freedom. In addition, the causal relation between visitors' satisfaction of their perceived performance of the system and unplanned behavior and their intention to reuse the system was determined. While doing so, trust in the booth recommendation system consisted of 2nd order factors such as competence, benevolence, and integrity, while the other factors consisted of 1st order factors. In order to verify this model, a booth recommendation system was developed to be tested in 2011 DMC Culture Open, and 101 visitors were empirically studied and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, visitors' trust was the most important factor in the booth recommendation system, and the visitors who used the system perceived its performance as a success based on their trust. Second, visitors' knowledge levels also had significant effects on the performance of the system, which indicates that the performance of a recommendation system requires an advance understanding. In other words, visitors with higher levels of understanding of the exhibition hall learned better the usefulness of the booth recommendation system. Third, expected personalization did not have significant effects, which is a different result from previous studies' results. This is presumably because the booth recommendation system used in this study did not provide enough personalized services. Fourth, the recommendation information provided by the booth recommendation system was not considered to threaten or restrict one's freedom, which means it is valuable in terms of usefulness. Lastly, high performance of the booth recommendation system led to visitors' high satisfaction levels of unplanned behavior and intention to reuse the system. To sum up, in order to analyze the effects of a booth recommendation system on visitors' unplanned visits to a booth, empirical data were examined based on the unplanned behavior theory and, accordingly, useful suggestions for the establishment and design of future booth recommendation systems were made. In the future, further examination should be conducted through elaborate survey questions and survey objects.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2003

This study is what I tried to know on a magnitude of Novelty in a tourist souvenir. A purpose of sightseeing development is to satisfy a sightseeing experience of various tourists. Novelty of a tourist souvenir is to make an experience with unique pleasure for only the sightseeing place that is not the place of residence to be able to feel. It must be a thing of the new level that it is not for a tourist to already know it, and it was not able to forecast. The tourist knew that I bought an emotional impulse than rational purchase through study. Therefore, you must take the Novelty element that a firm name works on in a perception of a customer as an important due in a souvenir plan. Reference wishes to work in tourist souvenir design development participants through this study result.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-216
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• 2021

How an individual construes one's future influences everyday decisions. For example, savings and impulsive purchasing, which is highly familiar with our life, are related to future time perception. Drawing on the idea of future self-continuity, the perceived connectedness between the current and future self, this study demonstrated whether media images with various age ranges influence a sense of connectedness with one's future self as well as impatience. Furthermore, the study measured whether these relationships were moderated by the positivity of older adults and an individual's dispositional optimism in general. Results showed that watching various images of people with a wide range of age (from the 20s to 90s) in social media increased young adults' (the 20s) self-continuity and decreased their intention of impatient consumption. This effect was also moderated by the degree to which the participants perceive aging positively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.10 s.96
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• pp.899-908
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• 2004

The rise of income and introduction of 5 day a week working system give korean people opportunities to enjoy their leisure time. And many korean people have much interest in oceanic sports such as yachting and also oceanic leisure equipments. With the popularization and development of the equipments, the scope of oceanic activities has been expanding in Korea just as in the advanced oceanic countries. However, The current conditions for the sports in Korea are not advanced and even worse than underdeveloped countries. In order to develop the underdeveloped resources of Korean marina, we need to customize the marina models of advanced nations to serve the specific needs and circumstances of Korea As such we have carried out a comparative analysis of how Austrailia, Newzealand, Singapore, japan and Malaysia operate their marina, reaching the following conclusions. Firstly, in marina operations, in order to protect personal property rights and to preserve the environment, we must operate membership and non-membership, profit and non-profit schemes separately, yet without regulating the dress code entering or leaving the club house. Secondly, in order to accumulate greater value added, new sporting events should be hosted each year. There is also the need for an active use of volunteers, the generation of greater interest in yacht tourism, and the simplification of CIQ procedures for foreign yachts as well as the provision of language services. Thirdly, a permanent yacht school should be established, and classes should be taught by qualified instructors. Beginners, intermediary, and advanced learner classes should be managed separately with special emphasis on the dinghy yacht program for children. Fourthly, arrival and departure at the moorings must be regulated autonomically, and there must be systematic measures for the marina to be able, in part, to compensate for loss and damages to equipment, security and surveillance after usage fees have been paid for. Fifthly, marine safety personnel must be formed in accordance with Korea's current circumstances from civilian organizations in order to be used actively in benchmarking, rescue operations, and oceanic searches at times of disaster at sea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.79-89
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer's overseas online shopping behavior. Consumers adopt overseas online shopping as a new buying way and more and more consumers prefer overseas online shopping than traditional shopping ways. Consumers' behaviors in this shopping experience can be different from other shopping experiences. With the increase of overseas online shopping, we need to find antecedents and results of overseas online shopping. Especially there would be positive or negative factors which influence overseas online shopping motivation. To find the relationship, this study examines self-efficacy and impulsivity as major factors which influence overseas online shopping. We also suggest that several attitude factors increase self-efficacy and it is positively related to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we assume that overseas online shopping factors influence impulsivity of buying and it will decrease customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from Korean people who experience overseas online shopping. The subjects for this study were confined to shoppers who used overseas online shopping within the past six months. A total of 267 responses were gathered. SPSS 23.0, PLS 2.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to show sample characteristics. We examined reliability, validity test for constructs. All measurement items used seven-point scales(1= very strong disagree, 7 = very strongly agree) drawn from previously published papers. Partial Least Square method was applied to find the relationship between antecedent factors and dependent factors and hypotheses were estimated. Results - Results show that perceived superiority, perceived ease of use, perceived transaction safety, perceived behavioral control positively affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influences positively to consumer's post purchase satisfaction. Perceived monetary benefit and perceived uniqueness motivated impulse buying. This can make consumer's post purchase dissatisfaction. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the existence of both the positive and negative faces of overseas online shopping. The result reveals that self-efficacy is a major factor which may increase satisfaction in the overseas online shopping. Usually, we can think monetary benefit and uniqueness of products motivate overseas online shopping. But it can also intrigue impulse buying and negatively affect customer relationship. Therefore companies should provide enough products information to their potential customers and they might apply adequate processes such as recommendation, comparing systems to build long term relationship with their customers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.125.1-125
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• 2003

호박은 다른 과채류에 비해 기후조건에 대한 적용범위가 넓고, 한국의 기후 풍토하에서 잠재생산 가능성이 대단히 높은 작목의 하나로 간주되고 있으며, 다른 박과 채소보다 병이 심하지 않고 약재를 살포할 필요가 거의 없으므로 무공해 식품으로도 그 가치가 높은 것으로 평가되고 있다. 최근 국민 식생활 패턴이 고급화 됨에 따라 건강을 중요시하는 소비자가 급증하면서 약품이 아닌 식품으로 인체의 조절기능에 초점이 맞춘 다양한 기능성 식품이 생산되고 있는 실정이며, 이 중 녹황색 채소류의 항산화, 항암효과가 알려지고 있어 늙은 호박을 이용한 새로운 형태의 가공제품은 향후 소비자의 구매욕구를 충동하기에 충분할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이러한 호박을 이용하여 가공제품을 생산하기 위한 기초자료로서 추출조건에 따른 품질변화를 모니터링하고자 하였다. 호박의 전처리의 경우 박피유무에 큰 차이가 없으므로 공정단계를 최소화하기 위해 박피를 하지 않고 사용하였으며, 파쇄의 형태는 깍둑썰기(4$\times$4$\times$4㎤)를 하여 추출조건에 사용하였다. 추출온도의 경우 호박자체의 색을 유지하는데 효율적인 95$^{\circ}C$에서 행하였다. 시료에 대한 용매비 및 추출시간에 따른 품질의 변화가 많으므로 시료에 대한 용매비(10, 20, 30, 40 50g/100$m\ell$) 및 추출시간(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hr)에 따른 중심합성실험계획으로 추출하였다. 추출조건에 따른 추출물에 대하여 수율, 당도, 갈색도 및 탁도를 측정하여 시료에 대한 용매비 및 추출시간에 따른 반응표면분석을 실시하였다. 영향도를 분석한 결과 수율은 추출시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 총당 및 갈색도는 시료에 대한 용매비에 영향을 많이 받으며 탁도의 경우 두 조건 모두에 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 수율에 대한 최적 추출조건은 호박량 10.03% 및 추출시간 2.89hr일 때 가장 높은 수율로 예측이 되었으며, 갈색도의 경우 호박량 15.21% 및 추출시간 1.65hr에서 최소로 나타났다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the impressive experiences of university students on YouTube media and to find ways to improve personal media as useful consumer information. 44 university students were selected, and data on the experience of using YouTube were collected and analyzed by applying the critical incident technique. As a result, the positive responses to personal media were derived from 'enhancing C2C information capabilities', 'consumer-centric usability', 'attractive information creators', 'a sense of the sameness', and 'fresh and entertaining information'. Negative responses were derived from 'spreading of harmful information', 'distrust in information creators', 'inducing excessive advertising and impulse buying', 'media addiction' and 'relative deprivation'. In addition, improvement of the personal media has been suggested. This study has differentiation and significance as a qualitative data for understanding consumer's perception and experience of personal media.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.479-488
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact in visitors' spending on two separate local festivals, and to present the improved market strategies to attract visitors to revisit the local festivals. This study was also intended to suggest the ways to increase the competitiveness and revitalize the local festivals by improving the existing attractions and creating new attractions based on the visitors' evaluation. On the purpose of the study, we studied the visitors of two local ricefests, Icheon Rice Cultural Festival and Rice Festival in Jincheon Chungbuk, and estimated the determinants influencing the visitors' spending to the festivals by applying Tobit model. Finally, to estimate the behavioral differences in visitors of the two festivals, we compared the estimated determinants for the visitors of each festival by using Log-likelihood Ratio, and analyzed the differences in the factors influencing the visitors' spending. Summarizing the propensity of visitor's spending to local festivals, visitors of two rice festivals buy or tended to buy things on impulse. Therefore, festival industry needs to take measures to efficiently accommodate their expenditures from the stage of designing festivals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate current nutrition labeling status, levels of recognition and patterns of consumption of domestically processed meat products. The survey results show that 47.4% of products (81 out of 171) were labeled with nutrition information. Where general product labeling and nutrition labeling were provided, it was read by 84.9% and 66.8% of the survey subjects, respectively. The most common reasons for not reading product labeling were 'hard to understand it' (46.2%) and 'not concerned' (30.8%). This was attributed to respondents finding it 'useless' (39.3%) and 'hard to understand the nutrition contents' (32.8%). As for the positive effect of enforcing a nutrition labeling system, 62% of respondents affirmed 'ease of selecting products which are good for health'. The reading of general product labeling showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) with the reading of nutrition labeling. The amount the nutrition labeling was read showed a negative correlation (p<0.05) with comprehension of the information on the nutrition labeling contained. Therefore, providing more information on the nutrition labeling for the consumers of processed meat products and also educating them more comprehensively about the nutrition, which would ultimately help them improve their dietary life, is needed.