• Title/Summary/Keyword: 교통 카드

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Heavy Metal Contamination of Feral Pigeons Columba livia by Habitat in Seoul (서울지역 집비둘기 Columba livia의 서식지별 중금속 오염)

  • Kim, Jeong-Su;Han, Sang-Hui;Lee, Du-Pyo;Gu, Tae-Hoe
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.303-307
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    • 2001
  • Some Feral Pigeons Columba livia were collected in commercial, industrial, park and resident areas of Seoul and heavy metal concentrations in their liver, kidney, bone and muscle tissues were measured to compare the levels of exposure by habitats. Statistical analyses showed some differences in the levels of heavy metals among these habitats. The levels of iron in liver and zinc in kidney were lower in resident area than in the other ones. Manganese and copper levels in all tissues were the highest in industrial area and park area, respectively. Lead bone level in resident area was the lowest, while that in commercial area was the highest. Cadmium level in kidney was higher in park area than in the other areas. Of these results, the levels of iron, zinc and lead in some tissues were related to traffic density in each habitats.

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ROI model for the adoption of RFID technology in SCM (SCM 차원에서 RFID 기술 도입에 따른 ROI 분석 모형에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Yeong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2005
  • RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification: 라디오 주파수 인식)란 라디오 주파수를 활용해서 무선으로 사물을 인식하는 것을 의미한다. RFID 기술을 구성하는 기본 요소는 태그, 안테나, 리더 등이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 RFID 기술의 기본 요소와 더불어 인식된 사물의 정보를 광범위하게 구축되어 있는 유${\cdot}$무선 네트워크와 연결하여 활용할 수 있는 모든 기술을 RFID 기술로 정의하였다. 비록 최근에 RFID 기술이 여러 분야에서 큰 이슈로 떠오르고 있지만, 실제 RFID 기술은 오래전인 2차 세계대전에 영국군의 자국 전투기 식별을 위해 이미 활용되고 있었다. 그러나 그 당시에는 RFID 기술의 구성요소인 태그나 리더의 값이 고가였기 때문에 특정분야에 한해 RFID 기술을 적용할 수 있었다. 그 이후에 1990년대에 이르러 RFID 기술은 가축관리, 컨테이너관리, IC 카드 등 점차 다른 분야로 적용이 확대되기 시작했다. 특히 반도체 기술의 발전이 급속도로 이루어진 1990년대 말을 기점으로 RFID 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어져, 현재에는 SCM(Supply Chain Management), 국방, 의료, 교통, 환경, 동물관리, 홈 네트워크 등 다양한 분야에 적용이 가능한 기술로 평가되고 있다. 특히, SCM에 있어서 RFID 기술 도입은 큰 파급효과가 예상되고 있다. SCM을 구성하는 기업들은 RFID 기술 도입을 통해 제품의 가시성(visibility)과 추적성(traceability)을 확보할 수 있게 된다. 기업들은 자신의 제품이 현재 어디에 있으며 어떠한 경로를 통해 그 자리에 이르렀는지를 실시간(real time)으로 확인 가능하게 된다. 미국의 월마트사(社) 와 영국의 메트로사(社) 같은 선진 유통 기업들은 실증연구를 통해 RFID 기술 도입이 비용 절감과 함께 고객 서비스 향상을 도모할 것이라는 결론을 내린 바 있다. 또한 현제 초기단계이기는 하지만 실제 RFID 기술을 도입하여 운영 중에 있다. 국내에서도 정부주도 하에 RFID 기술에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 지난 2004년에 유통 물류 분야의 1차 시범사업을 완료하였다. 그러나, 이러한 국내${\cdot}$외의 적극적인 도입 움직임에도 불구하고 국내에서는 아직 RFID기술 도입이 SCM(Supply Chain Management)에 있어서 구체적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 RFID 기술 도입 의사결정자에게 제공될 수 있는 정량적인 ROI 분석 모형에 관한 연구는 시급한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SCM 차원에서 RFID 기술 도입에 따른 ROI 분석 모형을 제시하고 적용해 보고자 한다.

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A Development of Evaluation Index for Bus Demand-Elastic Schedule Management (수요탄력적 버스배차관리를 위한 평가지표 개발 및 적용)

  • Lee, Ho-Sang;Chang, Hyun-Ho;Kim, Young-Chan;Hwang, Kyong-Soo
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2009
  • Although enormous data have been collected in major cities (Korea) by APTS(Advanced Public Transit Systems), most of studies related to bus schedule management evaluation have confined to headway adherence and on-time performance. Therefore, bus operation management have been very lack of using APTS data. This study uses coefficient of correlation to evaluate bus company's schedule management level. However, direct application of coefficient of correlation has inequitable problem because of many limitation(number of vehicle, headway, etc). and so variable calibration method was developed and applied to cope with these problems. Thus, demand-elastic management evaluation index was developed. For verifying the equity of developed index, it is applied to Seoul bus routes. It is expected for the developed index to contribute into the demand-elastic management of bus schedule.

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A Study on Improving Subway Crowding Based on Smart Card Data : a Focus on Early Bird Policy Alternative (교통카드 자료를 활용한 지하철 혼잡도 개선 연구 : Early Bird 정책대안을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Sang Jun;Shin, Sung Il
    • Journal of Information Technology Services
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.125-138
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    • 2020
  • Currently, subway crowding is estimated by observing a specific point at specific hours once or twice every 1 or 2 years. Given the extensive subway network in Seoul Metropolitan Area covering 588 stations, 11 lines and 80 transfer stations as of 2017, implementing crowding mitigation policy may have its limitations due to data uncertainty. A proposal has recently been made to effectively use smart card data, which generates big data on the overall subway traffic related to an estimated 8 million passengers per day. To mitigate subway crowding, this study proposes two viable options based on data related to smart card used in Seoul Metropolitan Area. One is to create a subway passenger pattern model to accurately estimate subway crowding, while the other is to prove effectiveness of early bird policy to distribute subway demand that is concentrated at certain stations and certain time. A subway passenger pattern model was created to estimate the passenger routes based on subway terminal ID at the entrance and exit and data by hours. To that end, we propose assigning passengers at the routes similar to the shortest routes based on an assumption that passengers choose the fastest routes. In the model, passenger flow is simulated every minute, and subway crowding level by station and line at every hour is analyzed while station usage pattern is identified by depending on passenger paths. For early bird policy, highly crowded stations will be categorized based on congestion level extracted from subway passenger pattern model and viability of a policy which transfers certain traveling demands to early commuting hours in those stations will be reviewed. In particular, review will be conducted on the impact of policy implemented at certain stations on other stations and lines from subway network as a whole. Lastly, we proposed that smart card based subway passenger pattern model established through this study used in decision making process to ensure effective implementation of public transport policy.

A Framework of the Convergent Service Development Process in the Public Sector : The Smart Transportation Card Service of Seoul City and the Call for Collaboration Case in Singapore (공공분야 융합 서비스 개발 Framework에 대한 연구 : 서울시 스마트교통카드 서비스와 싱가포르 CFC 사례를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jin-Hui;Lee, Suke-Kyu
    • Journal of Information Technology Services
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.387-410
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    • 2013
  • Due to the development of information technology, Convergence and Creative Economy became hot issues. For example, products become more intelligent and services are likely to be connected and integrated around core services or provided as bundle solution. Meanwhile products and services are integrated in the context of mutual supplementation, which leads to Servitization of Products and Productization of Services in many industries. Previous studies have addressed Convergence with different terms and definitions such as Convergent, Multicategory Multifunctional Product, Clouding Service, Bundle and so on from one perspective such as consumers, suppliers or technology according to a wide range of academic approaches. Thus, this study attempted to suggest the most typical convergence products released in the convergence environment and categorize those products. Furthermore, this study has pointed out the problems in the New Product Development Framework discussed in the studies on marketing by taking the situation of the public sector into account and then suggested "New Service Development Framework in the Public Sector" that are different from traditional e-Gov. approach basically and will enable the government to create public information service and provide them to enterprises or citizens. It also emphasized the importance of Business Conceptualization Stage in the framework; argued that there is a necessity of an integrative study from the perspective of technology on the basis of the approach from the perspective of marketing and Policy such as a study of consumer behaviors, design and marketing channel and Policy Integration for the development and dissipation; and furthermore suggested the cases-the development/Diffusion of Transportation Card Service in Seoul and CFC (Call for Collaboration) in Singapore-in order to verify the framework. There is a need to supplement New Service Development Framework so it is able to reflect the distinct characteristics of the public sector from the academic perspective and be used as practical guidelines for SI (System Integration) business to shift into IT Service business. Last but not the least, this study has suggested the limitations and the directions for the future studies.

Importance-Performance Analysis of Multiplex Cinema Attributes (멀티플랙스 영화관 선택속성의 중요도-성취도 분석)

  • Kim, Jae-Hong;Ko, Seon-Hee
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.587-595
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    • 2018
  • This research aims to analyze the importance-performance among multiplex cinema selection attributes. Therefore, we collected data for visitors who visited the multiplex cinema and want to watch movies. Of the various multiplex cinema selection attributes, four factors were deduced that includes: major services, human services, physical environment, auxiliary services using exploratory factor analysis. In the quadrant I, the area of 'Concentrate Here' was 'diversity of screening time', 'diversity of movie genre', 'convenience of mobile app use', 'size and convenience of parking facility'. In the quadrant II, 'Keep up the Good Work' area was 'convenience of website booking', 'discounts through card partnerships', 'employee friendliness', 'accurate employee information delivery', 'comfortable seating', 'screen size', 'cinematic sound quality', and 'convenience of traffic' etc. The quadrant III, 'Low Priority' appeared to be 'membership system', 'tidiness of staff attire', 'resting space for waiting time', 'accessibility to the neighboring area', 'diversity of the snack corner', and 'overall cleanliness' etc. The quadrant IV, 'Possible Overkill' was 'appropriateness of the auditorium temperature' and 'service proficiency'.

Content Differences of Pb and Cd by Trophic Levels of the Ecosystem near Highways with Different Traffic Volumes (교통량이 다른 고속도로변 생태계의 영양단계별 납과 카드뮴 함량의 차이)

  • Chung, Wan-Ho;Hai-Poong Lee
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 1987
  • The content of Pb and Cd in the soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer by the distance from two highway with different construction years and traffic volumes was measured from 1984 through 1986. The result was compared with that of a control in Yangsu-ri near Mt. Unak, Namyangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. The producers in the area of Yangjae-done are composed of 27 species of floras with Glycine soja being the dominant species while those in Shingal 20 species, with Leesia japonica being the dominant species. The faunas in the former area include 37 families and 69 species, with insects being dominant. In the area of Yangjae-dong, the biomass by trophic levels increased from the ration of 1/400 between producer and 1st consumer to the ratio of 1/10 between 1st consumer and 2nd consumer. The Pb content of soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer in Yangjae-done near the Kyungbu highway with traffic jam has the sigingacant difference of 1% level at the vicinity of 10 meters and it is the same with that of Shingal area nearthe Youngdong highway with relatively sparse traffic except for the 2nd consumer. In case of cadmium content, the 1st and 2nd consumer has 1% signigicant difference near the Kyungbu highway and other trophic levels have no diference. Besides, the content of Pb and Cd at the site 1, 2 and 3 within the range of 100 meters from the two highways has 1% significant difference from that of a control while the site 4 has no difference.

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Technology Trends, Research and Design of AIM Framework for Authentication Information Management (인증 정보 관리를 위한 기술 동향과 AIM 프레임워크 연구 및 설계)

  • Kim, Hyun-Joong;Cha, Byung-Rae;Pan, Sung-Bum
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.373-383
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    • 2016
  • With mobile-epoch and emerging of Fin-tech, Bio-recognition technology utilizing bio-information in secure method has spread. Specially, In order to change convenient payment services and transportation cards, the combination of biometrics and mobile services are being expanded. The basic concept of authentication such as access control, IA&A, OpenID, OAuth 1.0a, SSO, and Biometrics techniques are investigated, and the protocol stack for security API platform, FIDO, SCIM, OAuth 2.0, JSON Identity Suite, Keystone of OpenStack, Cloud-based SSO, and AIM Agent are described detailed in aspect of application of AIM. The authentication technology in domestic and foreign will accelerate technology development and research of standardization centered in the federated FIDO Universal Authentication Framework(UAF) and Universal 2 Factor Framework(U2F). To accommodate the changing needs of the social computing paradigm recently in this paper, the trends of various authentication technology, and design and function of AIM framework was defined.

A Study on Food Truck business model utilizing NFC (NFC를 활용한 Food Truck 비즈니스 모델에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Youngdoo;Choi, Eunyoung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.135-137
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    • 2014
  • The expansion of the transportation card, and the popularity of smart phones has been increasing social concern about the NFC technology. Has been focused on the use of e-commerce, most of the NFC, fulfilling the security problems or technical topic for this, but the reality is that the current debate on the new value added contents industry and a nonexistent connection. Leverage NFC for efficient order management system in order to build lunch or dinner by being pushed to ease restrictions on remodeling and renovation projects Food Truck vehicle through a small business support programs in the current government, but increasing interest in the Food Truck I study a model of ordering system for food truch 재소 s-guide system. A lot of the effectiveness of management as appropriate to the use of NFC for small business that operates as a server system is highly Food Truck tendencies tied to one router and server on the intranet without the need of internet connection system. I believe in this study S-Guide system contributes for business success for food truck of small business.

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Analysis of Elementary School 'Safe Life' Textbook Using Keyword Network Analysis (키워드 네트워크 분석을 활용한 '안전한 생활' 교과서 분석)

  • DEOK-JIN JANG;HA-SUNG KONG
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2023
  • The Safe Life is an essential subject of education introduced in the 2015 revised curriculum for first and second graders of elementary school to cultivate safety awareness. This study aims to explore the relationship between concepts and concepts that are important in the Safe Life textbook using a keyword network analysis. The results indicate that the areas of life safety, traffic safety, and disaster safety are emphasized in terms of topics in the textbook. The teaching and learning methods for the Safe Life education are mainly based on "experience" and "practice," and the most common teaching materials are card games and sticky stickers. Based on the findings, we suggest maintaining the experience-oriented safety education approach and diversifying the teaching and learning materials and methods to incorporate various safety education areas.