• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.252-263
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• 2013

Objectives : Skin color deformation by cupping has been widely used as a diagnostic parameter in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). Skin color deformation such as ecchymoses and purpura is induced by local vacuum in a suction cup. Since existing studies have relied on a visual diagnostic method, there is a need to use the quantitative measurement method. Methods : We conducted an analysis of cross-polarization photographic images to assess the changes in skin color deformation. The skin color variation was analyzed using $L^*a^*b^*$ space and the skin erythema index(E.I.). The meridian theory in TKM indicates that the condition of primary internal organs is closely related to the skin color deformation at special acupoints. Before conducting these studies, it is necessary to evaluate whether or not skin color deformation is influenced by muscle condition. Hence, we applied cupping at BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20 and BL23 at Bladder Meridian(BL) and measured blood lactate at every acupoint. Results : We confirmed the high system measurement accuracy, and observed the diverse skin color deformations. Moreover, we confirmed that the $L^*$, $a^*$ and E.I. had not changed after 40 minutes(p>0.05). The distribution of blood lactate levels at each part was observed differently. Blood lactate level and skin color deformation at each part was independent of each other. Conclusions : The negative pressure produced by the suction cup induces a reduction in the volumetric fraction of melanosomes and subsequent reduction in epidermal thickness. The relationship between variations of tissue and skin properties and skin color deformation degree must be investigated prior to considering the relationship between internal organ dysfunction and skin color deformation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

The sensitivity and specificity of crude and affinity-purified antigens of Clcnorchis sinensis obtained from the infected rabbits were studied. Stage-specific antigenic proteins from the eggs, metacercariae and adult worms were characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent astray (ELISA). The results were as follows: 1. The antibody.binding antigen (ABA) purified from whole worm crude antigen (IVWA) by CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography made :l specific bands against rabbit antisera on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plate, while WWA made 7 bands. Major WWA protein bands by SDS-PAGE were found at 16, 300~18, 500 and 28, 000~29, 000 daltons, while major ABA protein bands were at 18, 000~21, 000 and 29, 000~31, 000 daltons. The reactivity of ABA with rabbit anti-sera in ELISA was remarkably less sensitive than that of WWA. 2. Molecular weights of egg antigen (EGA), metacercarial antigen (MEA) and adult worm antigen (WWA) of C. sinensis ranged from 15, 000-200, 000 daltons, 15, 000-100, 000 daltons and 11, 000~80, 000 daltons, respectively. Major WWA proteins consisted mainly of polypeptide bands of low molecular weight, less than 31, 000 daltons, while those of EGA and MEA consisted of higher molecular T.eights than 30, 000 daltons. 3. The ELISA reactivities of WWA to rabbit anti.sera were remarkably greater than those of MEA. EGA showed negative reaction throughout the experiments. WWA showed higher optical density (O.D.) than 1.0, when reacted with rabbit anti-sera obtained at 4~6 weeks after the infection. In the rabbit anti-sera later than 12 weeks after the infection, the O.D. reacting witll WWA showed a plateau without variation. MEA shoT.ed relatively low O.D. values (<0.6), when reacted with anti-sera from lightly in(ected groups throughout the experiments, althougll there were some wealth positive cases (O.D.>0.6) ill heavily infected groups. MEA reacted with rabbit anti-sera showed negative results on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plates. Summarizing the above results, it is suggested that the whole worm antigen prepared from the adult worms of C. sinensis is most highly antigenic. However, this antigen might reveal cross reactions with other trematodes such as Paragonimus westermani, therefore, purification of antigenic proteins from the crude antigen is essential 18 increase the sensitivity and specificity for the immuncdiagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2016

In this work, pozzolanic activities of various waste materials were compared with those of well-known by-product pozzolanic materials. Undensified and densified silica fume, ASTM class F and class C fly ash, and metakaolin were chosen as well-known pozzolanic materials, and bentonite powder, ceramic powder obtained from wash basin, and waste glass wool, which can possibly possess pozzolanic property, were chosen for comparison. Drop in electrical conductivity at $40^{\circ}C$ saturated lime solution was measured for each materials. The amount of Ca(OH)2 decomposed from cement paste at $450{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ was also measured to evaluate pozzolanic activity. The 28 day compressive strength were used to observe the mechanical property enhanced by incorporation of various waste materials. According to the experimental results, using "difference between maximum conductivity value and conductivity value at 4 hour" was found to be a reasonable approach to determine pozzolanic activity of a material. Pozzolanic activity measured using electrical conductivity correlates very well with that measured using the amount of Ca(OH)2 remained in the cement paste. Relatively good agreement was also found with electrical conductivity and 28 day compressive strength. It was found that electrical conductivity measurement can be used to evaluate pozzolanic activity of unknown materials.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1990

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) of paragonimiasis iloktsuenensis rat sera was performed using crude antigens of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis(PIA), P. westermani (PWA) and Clonorchis sinensis(CSA). Three crude antigens(PIA, PWA, CSA) were prepared to saline homogenated supernatants of whole adult worms. Infected rat sera were obtained biweekly from the albino rats fed 50∼.80 metacercariae of P. iloktsuenensis through gastric catheter. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups: GI(controls), GII, GIII and GIV according to 1∼7 worms as GII, 10∼19 worms as GIII and 22∼40 worms as GIV, respectively, In ELISA, the mean OD values of each group for the homologous antigen(PIA) were increased significantly compared to the control sera at the 4th week of infection. With the progress of duration of infection, the mean OD values of infected sera of GII & GIV continuously increased up to the 12th week(last week), but in GIII the mean OD value increased until the loth week. No significance was noted among the infection dose groups (GII, GIII and GIV), after the 6th week of infection. Also, the OD values of all infected rats did not show any Proportional relytionships to the number of worms recovered. In brief, the antibody productivity of individual rats were strongly different. The rat sera infected with p. iloktsuenensis cross-reacted with those infected with P. westermani or C. sinensis, as identified by OD values.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2000

In order to detect pantothenic acid (PA), conditions for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were established. Anti-PA-BSA antibody was produced from rabbits immunized with PA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates which were prepared by the bromoacetyl chloride [Bc] method (PA-BSA[Bc]) and by the periodate oxidation [Po] method (PA-BSA[Po]). PA-BSA[Bc] and PA-BSA[Po] was used as a coating antigen for competitive indirect(ci)ELISA. The Anti-PA-BSA[Po] antibody on ciELISA showed no competitive reaction. The detection limit of PA by ciELISA using Anti-PA-BSA[Bc] antibody was 1 ppm. The Anti-PA-BSA[Bc] antibody showed little cross-reactivity to PA derivatives such as pantoyllactone, pantetheine, pantothenyl alcohol, and acetyl CoA. The detection limit of PA by microbiological assay (MBA) was 10 ppb. Assay recoveries of PA in egg, cow's liver, and lettuce by ciELISA were 109, 64, and 344%, respectively, comparing with the MBA results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1997

Kinetic studies for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of the benzoic anhydrides with anilines in methanol-acetonitrile mixtures at$35.0{\circ}C$have been carried out in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism. Individual rate constants$k_{XY}$and$k_{XZ}$were decided from the ratios of the reaction products for the competitive substitution reaction at either one of the two carbonyl carbons in benzoic anhydride. Transition state structure and reaction mechanism were elucidated by the Hammett$p_x,\;p_y$and$p_z$values and cross interaction constant$p_x\;p_y$and$p_zvalues. The reaction of the benzoic anhydride has been proposed to proceed by a frontside attack$S_N2 $mechanism with four-membered ring transition state from unusually large magnitude of the$ρ_X,\;ρ_{XY},\;ρ_{XZ}$and positive$p_Y$values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2010

크라이오 펌프는 크기에 비해 상대적으로 큰 배기속도를 가지고 있고 자체 기체 방출이 적어 비교적 쉽고 빠르게 도달압력을 낮출 수 있다. 또 초고진공 펌프로서 경쟁 상대인 터보분자 펌프보다 기체 돌입에 대한 기계적 사고 가능성이 낮다. 그러나 흡착 패널의 온도에 민감하게 반응하는 배기 성능 측면에서 볼 때 크라이오 펌프의 대유량 및 펄스 기체 부하에 대한 성능 유지 및 회복능력은 의문의 여지가 있다. 크라이오 펌프의 기체부하에 대한 공식적인 성능지표로는 최대배기량(max. throughput)과 교차(crossover)값이 있다. 전자는 연속적인 유량[$Pa{\cdot}m^3/s$]에 대해, 또 후자는 일정 기체량[$Pa{\cdot}m^3$]에 대해 흡착 패널이 20 K를 넘지 않는 가동범위를 구하는 것이다. 교차값은 넓은 의미에서 펄스 기체부하에 대한 성능으로 볼 수도 있지만 원래 목적은 진공용기를 저진공 상태에서 고진공 상태로 전환하는 시점을 정하려는 데 있다. 펌프회사에서 제공하는 사양에는 대부분 아르곤 회복시간(Ar recovery time)이라는 지표가 있는데 이는 아르곤을 상당한 유량으로 흘리다 멈췄을 때 얼마나 빨리 기저 상태로 회복되는가를 나타낸다. 보통 사양서에 제시하지는 않지만 주로 크라이오 펌프의 재생상태를 알아보기 위해 사용하는 걸프(gulp) 시험이 있는데 일정량의 기체를 펄스로 도입한 후 압력변화를 기록하여 재생후 배기성능 회복 능력을 보는 것이다. 이들은 겉보기에 서로 다르지만 한편으로는 서로 중복되거나 연관성을 가지고 있어서 실용적인 면에서 절차들을 비교, 검토 및 개선하고 때에 따라서는 적절히 결합할 수 있는 방안을 모색할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.697-702
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• 2010

Ten farrow-finish farms participated in this seromonitoring that was conducted to investigate the porcine brucellosis situation in Korea. In total, eight (80.0%) of the 10 farms and 139 (24.0%) of 578 pigs tested showed a positive response in the Rose Bengal test (RBT). Seroprevalence levels were determined using RBT according to age; 35 (14.6%) of 239 piglets, 36 (31.3%) of 115 growing pigs, and 68 (30.4%) of 224 finishing pigs and sows were positive, respectively. All positive samples in RBT were tested with the tube agglutination test (TAT) and competitive ELISA (C-ELISA), simultaneously. Although 48 samples came up positive in the TAT, all samples tested with C-ELISA were negative. Among 26 rectal swab samples from the TAT positive-pigs, Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 was isolated from seven samples (26.9%). Therefore, we speculated that the positive reaction of RBT and TAT in this study might be induced by the serologically cross-reacting bacteria with Brucella abortus.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

This study aimed to measure such features of emotional responses perceived by students as learning climate, department living stress, and perceived helplessness to analyze their effects on major satisfaction among students at the department of dental hygiene; to do this, a survey was conducted with 431 students, regardless of college year, who were at the department of dental hygiene in four colleges in Gyeonggi Province, Daejeon, and Chungcheong Province. An existing emotion scale which went through the generalization process was used to draw a multiple model in the combination form in order to collect emotional factors affecting college students' satisfaction with their major, which had existed as a hypothetical proposition, and make overall interpretation of relevance through the explainable, predictable modeling process by measuring emotional factors and phenomenal description of the level of general perception. The results showed that major satisfaction was very significantly affected by emotional features among students at the department of dental hygiene, which needs to be treated as an important factor to enhance expertise related to major learning and improve students' living.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 2009

Iodinated contrast media (CM) can cause immediate and late reactions. We treated a patient with a recurrent generalized maculopapular rash and a fever that occurred within two days of exposure to iodinated CM, iopromide ($Ultravist^{(R)}$), for chest computed tomography. We performed skin testing including prick tests, intradermal tests, and patch tests. Our findings indicated a late skin reaction to $Ultravist^{(R)}$in addition to cross-reactions to other iodinated CM such as ioversol ($Optiray^{(R)}$), iohexol ($Iobrix^{(R)}$), and iobitridol ($Xenetix^{(R)}$). In this study, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with a late adverse reaction to $Ultravist^{(R)}$in addition to cross-reactions to other iodinated CM.