• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.89-109
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• 2004

The Korean Government has produced the Health Plan 2010 aimed at setting up healthy Korea objectives, policies on preventing chronic diseases, reshaping the country's health and medical infrastructure. The policy goal targets the people's healthy life expectancy at 75 by 2010, and includes healthy life practice measures including health education, health improvement services, and disease management measures, in achieving the objectives. Also, the plan provides life cycle-based health improvement and disease prevention services, as well as pushes ahead with projects with greater ripple effects in each area. To this end, the government is simultaneously pushing to operate an experts-centered health promotion committee and establishing the infrastructure including the augmentation of national health improvement funds. Through its Health Plan 20 I 0, the Korean Government will exert efforts to achieve its policy objectives as addressed in the measures by enhancing the national potential health and providing systematic disease prevention services.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community. The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.374-383
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences between adolescents from multicultural and ordinary Korean families in subjective oral symptoms. Moreover, this will be provide information in the policy making process that enhancing health equity. Data of 66,857 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were derived from the 10th Korean Youth's Risk Web-based Study, which was conducted in 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective oral symptoms were related with sex, age, academic achievement, paternal education, maternal education, subjective economic status, residential type, smoking, alcohol consumption, drinking soft drink, eating fruits, eating snacks, and tooth brushing frequency. In conclusion, welfare and health services for multicultural family should be expanded and those ought to focus on increasing multicultural youth at the same time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Although educational facilities are important considerations from a social equity standpoint, the educational environment generally found in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated due to numerous social problems following birth rate declines and school abolition numbers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the commuting accessibility changed by the abolition of elementary schools. The village-level accessibility is assessed following physical accessibility criteria based on legally defined commuting distances. Moreover, this study shows the implications of commuting accessibility by school district zones through comparing the minimum commuting distances with real commuting distance. The target area is the Gangwon state, the coverage area in which for schools is the widest in South Korea (44.1 ㎢/school). We evaluated the commuting distances to the nearest elementary school for 992 rural villages and 74 urban villages. Of the 1,066 villages in urban and rural areas evaluated, most of the villages (about 77%) are exposed to commutes to elementary schools were the marginal distance is over 1,000 meters. The annual rate of increase of commuting distance for 1,066 villages in Gangwon state has steadily increased by 2.8%p since 2000, average commuting distance from 2.8 km to 3.6 km. By the designation of the school districts, elementary school students have to go to a faraway school located within administrative district, even though there is a school nearby. It is expected that the results of this study will be made use of as basic data for the establishment of policies such as a reasonable basis for closing schools measurements considering the locally unique environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore how security science graduates in casinos are socialized into the workplace. Participants for this study were seven security guards who work for two of three casinos for foreign customers in the city of Seoul. All the participants majored in the security science in colleges. They had 1 to 5 years of work experience. Their main job responsibilities were deterrent to crimes and watch for impending danger in the casinos. A variety of qualitative data collection techniques for this study included formal and informal interviews, stimulated-recall interview, observations, and field notes. Analytic induction and constant comparison were utilized to analyze data. Triangulating and member checks were employed to enhance trustworthiness. The findings of this study were as follow: Firstly, In acculturation, sports experience and media attraction were revealed as factors. Secondly, In professional socialization, college education and senior students in the program were found. Lastly, organizational socialization, Difficulty of relationship, lack of risk management training, lack of team cohesion, pride himself as a security guard, and unclear evaluation system. In conclusion, a variety of influential factors appeared through his occupational socialization even though there were negative and positive factors.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data in order to systemize the management of demand and supply of radiologic technicians, to pursue a fair regional distribution of educational institutions, and furthermore to keep reasonable medical treatment and fee. This research was carried out through the investigation of radiologic equipments and technicians according to the distribution of the population. Materials and Methods: We compared and analyzed the correlation between regional population, the number of clinics and hospitals, the number of medical imaging devices, and the number of radiologists and radiologic technicians in 5 cities without "Gu" administrative units in 2008. Results: 27,317 radiologic technicians have been produced since the administration of the national qualifying exam for radiologic technicians. About 18,000 radiologic technicians are currently working. There are 39 colleges or universities with Departments of Radiology and the admission quota is 2,120 students excluding one college. The ratio of radiologic equipments to radiologic technicians is 2.6 to 1. Conclusion: There is a dilemma in which some radiologic technicians fail to find appropriate jobs while some clinics or hospitals are in need of radiologic technicians. This dilemma is due to unreasonable regional discrepancies in pay system and welfare situation, and excessive profit-oriented recruiting system of clinics and hospitals. The increase of students of Radiologic Departments and approval of additional departments will end up with producing superfluous high academic degree holders, which is on the contrary to the government policy to produce more job opportunities. So the policy of increasing Radiologic Departments should be reconsidered.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, eye-health inequity was investigated by analyzing the relationship between household incomes and eye-health of senior citizens. Further, this study suggested the preliminary data for establishment of public eye-health policy in order to improve low income senior citizens' life quality. Methods: The data from the 2009 Survey of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination were analyzed in this study. The objectives of the KNHNE survey were over 65 year old group (1,668 people). Main factors of eye-health (visual acuity, cataract, pterygium, intraocular pressure, retinophathy, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinophathy, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia prevalence) were analyzed with t-test and chi square test. Results: Low income group revealed that refractive error rate and intraocular pressure were low, however, naked eye visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were high at 0.1 to less than 0.5. On the other hands, in the high income group, there was high prevalence of hyperopia. Cataract mainly occurred at low income group besides group which maximum corrected visual acuity was below 0.8 also highly showed cataract. Moreover, the prevalence of cataract showed that it related with smoking, drinking, occupation, and education level. Conclusions: Results revealed that there was inequity of eye-health which related with socioeconomic status of the elderly. Especially, the prevalence of cataract was correlated with life quality. Consequently, establishment of public eye-health policy seems to be required for eye-health inequity of low income senior citizens.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2002

Health sub-centers(HSCs) have played an important role in primary health care in rural area in Korea. The unification of neighboring HSCs was a strategy to improve the role of HSCs. This study was conducted to reveal the efficacy of the unified HSC established in Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si in1997. The utilization patterns of HSC and its related factors, and satisfaction of consumer on HSC were compared before and after unification of two HSCs in Gampo-eup, Yangnam-myeon using questionnaire survey, and also the statistics of medical care services and public health services were compared. Four hundred forty nine subjects were questioned in survey, 156 from Gampo-eup, 147 from Yangbuk-myeon, and 146 from Yangnam-myeon. Following unification, the utilization rates and the frequency of visits in Gampo-eup declined. In all three areas, chronic illness was the common factor influencing the utilization and change in frequency of visits to the unified HSC. Following unification, aspects of consumer satisfaction, for example; accessibility and affordability decreased in Gampo-eup, but increased in both Yangbuk-myeon and Yangnam-myeon. The statistics relating to medical care, X-ray examination, home visiting service, vaccination, and health education showed an increase for the unified HSC when compared to the sum of the statistics for the previous two. The execution rates for other public health services were the same, or a little decreased. Clinical laboratory examinations and the issuing of civil affair documents were new services offered by the unified HSC. It is concluded, the overall consumer satisfaction with the unified HSC was improved. In Gampo-eup, where after unification there was no HSC, it seemed to be a barrier to accessing the unified HSC. The effect of the unified HSC, in the respect of medical care and public health services, was not as significant as expected at the time of being established. Therefore, the strategies to reenforce the unified HSC should be developed to provide all residents with comprehensive primary health care services.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2013

Objectives: Socioeconomic status plays an important role in health care and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between socioeconomic status, measured by education levels and household income, and gastric cancer screening. Methods: A total of 21,220 community-dwelling adults aged 40 to 69 years within a defined geographic area participated in a community health survey in 2009 and 2010. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire by trained investigators who visited the subjects' households directly. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between self-reported participation in gastric cancer screening and socioeconomic variables (education and household income). Results: The gastric cancer screening rate was 52.1% for subjects in their forties, 63.7% for those in their fifties, and 67.3% for those in their sixties. In multivariate analysis, higher education and income levels were associated with higher rates of gastric cancer screening (high school vs. elementary school: odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.58; highest income quartile vs. lowest income quartile: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.44-1.84). The gradient between income and screening rate was more pronounced in the population aged 40 to 49 years than in the other age groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that lower socioeconomic status is associated with decreased participation in gastric cancer screening. Our findings suggest that the screening program should be focused on low-income and less-educated populations, especially among younger adults, to reduce health disparities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2019

Objectives: Currently, oral health of the disabled is taken care of by the social workers, not by dental hygienists, who are the oral health professional in this area. Therefore, we aim to enhance the equity of oral health for the disabled by providing the correct oral health care method to social workers residing in the welfare facility for the disabled. Methods: Four dental hygienists and four social workers were given the class I intellectual disabilities living in 'o' welfare facilities for disabled people in Songpa-gu, Seoul from April 13, 2019 to April 20, 2019. Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) Index were measured and compared. In advance, the social workers were taught brushing (Rolling method), and the method of brushing and measuring tools were integrated. Results: Twice a total of dental hygienists and social workers practiced toothbrushing(Rolling method) for the class I intellectual disabilities who is a person to be brushed. When comparing the Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) Index after the second round, the result shows that both the first and second dental hygienists' Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) Index is lower. Conclusions: Comparing oral health knowledge level and Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index of dental hygienist and social workers, the result shows that dental hygienist has higher oral health care ability. Therefore, the dental hygienist should be placed in welfare facility for the disabled as an expert in oral health management to create an environment in which the disabled and social workers can be trained. In addition, the curriculum of the college that nurtures the dental hygienists should have a course to understand the characteristics of the disabled person in order to enhance the professionalism of dental hygienists.