• Title/Summary/Keyword: 교외지역

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A Study on Integrated Operation of School Bus in Suburbs (교외지역 통학버스 통합 운영 방안 연구)

  • Ko, Young Dae;Oh, Yonghui
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.899-910
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Generally, since the population density is lower in suburban areas, the distance to school is inevitably long. Therefore, schools in suburban areas often operate school buses to improve student welfare. However, since school buses are usually used only during going to and from school, the utilization rates are relatively low. Therefore, this study aims to establish integrated operation plan of public school bus covering all schools. Methods: It is necessary to decide which school buses will serve the specific demand node which want to go to certain school in order to design an integrated operation plan for school buses. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed for minimizing the total number of vehicles and the distance of transportation by reflecting the characteristics of school buses and students as constraints. To solve the proposed mathematical model, CPLEX, a commercial solver, is applied. Results: To validate and to confirm the proposed process, numerical example is designed with the comparison between before and after integrated operations of school buses in terms of total operation cost. The result shows that the integrated operation can lead the reduction of the number of school buses as well as the decreasing of the fuel cost. Conclusion: This study provides the quantitative method to perform the integrated operation of school buses in suburban areas. The optimal operation strategy is required because there are more complex decision-making elements considering the integrated operation. It is expected to apply this research result at real situation to expand this services based on an optimal operation.

The Creation of Ttukseom Pleasure Ground and Its Transformation to a Park (뚝섬유원지의 생성과 공원화)

  • Kim, Jeoung-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.127-142
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    • 2018
  • Ttukseom was once a suburban area that had a government horse ranch for national use and a naenogpo (area of royal farm land). During the Japanese colonial period, a pleasure ground was built at Ttukseom, and after independence, it has been used as a park through the process of urbanization. This study examines the creation of the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground and the process through which the pleasure ground were transformed to a park. This study also explores its landscape and cultural aspects. In the 1930s, Gyeongseonggwedo (京城軌道), a private railway company, built a pleasure ground at Ttukseom to attract passengers, according to the business model of Japanese railway companies, in which recreational areas were developed near railway routes. Mass media portrayed this area as a "rural landscape" in contrast to the city. The Ttukseom Pleasure Ground emerged as a popular summer resort for Gyeongseong citizens. At the same time, it was managed by Gyeongseongbu (京城府). The city of Seoul began to manage the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground following independence, and development plans for Ttukseom as a pleasure ground or a park were continuously drafted but never implemented. Even after Korea's independence, the operation and use of the pleasure ground did not change significantly from the colonial era. In the late 1980s, the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground became the Ttukseom Han River Citizen's Park, and the sandy beach of the Han River was removed. Nonetheless, the previous facilities and major activities such as an open-air swimming pool, camp ground, and areas for boat recreation remained as major park programs. When the urbanization of Ttukseom was completed, its idyllic image disappeared and it became a park instead of a pleasure ground. Since parks expand their programs, it can be concluded that by providing those kinds of programs, the Ttukseom Pleasure Ground transformed to a park.

Spatial Structure and Historical Change of Cemeteries in Seattle, USA (시애틀 공동묘지의 공간적 구조와 역사적 변화 양상)

  • Kim, Chung Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2018
  • Cemeteries in the United States are frequently observed near residential areas in cities even though they are spaces for the dead. However, it has not been fully studied when and how cemeteries were formed in the process of urbanization. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the spatial structure and historical change of cemeteries in Seattle due to urbanization, focusing on the contextual relationship between cemeteries and the surroundings according to two time periods: the early formation period of cemeteries in Seattle and the current period. For this, a mixed method was taken in this paper that combined historical analysis based on old references and historic maps with cluster analysis using GIS. In conclusion, the research found that early cemeteries of Seattle in downtown areas were introduced as by-products of urban formation, but the cemeteries in the suburbs were established ahead of urban growth and neighborhood development. In addition, Seattle's cemeteries not only showed a similar locational pattern to Seattle's shopping centers, but also were positively associated with population distribution given the Hot Spot Analysis. In other words, Seattle's cemeteries were originally located in rural areas, but later came to be located in urban areas, sustaining the landscape of American rural cemeteries.

Land Cover Change Detection over Urban Stream's Drainage Area Using Landsat TM and ETM+ Images (Landsat TM과 ETM+ 영상을 이용한 도시하천 집수구역의 토지이용변화 파악)

  • Kim, Jae-Cheol;Park, Cheol-Hyun;Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Kyoo-Seock
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.575-579
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    • 2006
  • The land use in suburban area has been changed rapidly due to the urban expansion in Korea during the last few decades. And such land use changes result in various environmental problems such as biodiversity decrease, habitat fragmentation, air pollution and urban heat island. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be used for land cover change detection to understand the impact and trend of the land use change. Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times and it can provide quantitative and comparative information for the land use/cover change. RS is less expansive than field survey for producing land use maps, and can be accessed quickly and repetitively for large area. Also it can be used for change detection using multi-temporal land use/cover by accumulated data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to detect and quantitatively evaluate urban land cover change in urban stream watershed area for the last few decades and ultimately to provide the basic data for urban land use planning and management.

A Study on the Development Process and Structure of the Machine and Material Industrial Cluster in Yeongnam Region (영남지역 기계금속산업클러스터의 형성과정과 구조 분석)

  • Kwon, O-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.196-218
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    • 2010
  • This study is to investigate the development process and the structure of the machine and material industrial clusters in Yeongnam region, Korea. In theoretical analysis, it is proposed that the wide area industrial cluster has three type of development process and a duplicate (or multi-level) spatial structure. We can ascertain from the case study of industrial clusters in Yeongnam region that An wide machine and material industrial cluster has been formed in Yeongnam region and the cluster has the duplicate structure or multi-level structure.

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Changes in the area around Jangchungdan altar due to the Development of Residential Districts in Seoul from the 1920s to the 1930s (1920~30년대 장충단 인근 주택지 개발로 인한 지역 성격의 변화)

  • Lee, Kyung-Ah
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.17-30
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to determine changes in neighborhoods due to the development of residential districts around Jangchungdan(?忠壇) altar in Seoul from the 1920s to the 1930s. In the Joseon Dynasty, this area was a protected and sacred area to honor the spirit. The reputation of the area, however, turned into the place to play and take a rest and neighborhoods around Jangchungdan altar were developed as high-grade residential districts with the impression of suburbs during the Japanese colonial period. Residential districts were formed with the destruction of the Hanyang City Wall and the privatization of nation-owned forest, which were physical and symbolic boundaries of Seoul in the Joseon Dynasty.

A Charateristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons(PAHs) in Vicinity of Kwang Ju (광주 교외 지역 대기 중 다환 방향족 탄화 수소(PAHs)의 특성 연구)

  • 이영주;홍상범;한경만;이재훈
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.313-314
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    • 2003
  • 대기 중 다환 방향족 탄화수소(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)는 주로 화석연료 등과 같은 유기물의 불완전 연소과정에서 발생하며, PAHs 화합물들 중 일부는 강한 발암성 혹은 돌연변이원성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있을 뿐만 아니라, 실내와 실외의 대기 환경 어디에나 널리 분포되어 있을 가능성이 높으므로 다른 물질들에 비해 더 많은 연구와 관심의 대상이 되어 왔다. (IRAC, 1983 ; WHO, 1987). 일반적으로 PAHs는 대부분 부유물질에 흡착되어 있지만, 분자량이 작은2~3개의 벤젠링을 가지고 있는 것들은 가스 상태로 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. (중략)

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The Roles of Shop Owners in Boosting Conventional Markets (상권활성화에 있어서 상업자의 역할에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Seung-Je
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2011
  • With the increasing interest in boosting conventional markets, many authors have paid considerable attention to the roles of shop owners, store image improvement, and how to attract or maintain customers. Nevertheless, it is not easy to find papers related to the relationship between shop owners and their contribution to trading areas, directly or indirectly, in the academic world. Accordingly, research for answering the following question has been initiated: what kind of roles do shopkeepers should play in revitalizing poor conventional markets? Based on the previous studies focusing on enhancing traditional markets, this research was approached from the new insights that have been obtained concerning how to boost conventional markets, that is, from the perspectives of a shop owner and a trader. Therefore, this research aims at identifying some resolutions associated with the roles of shop owners to enhance a shopping district in a specific area, classifying their business roles into a few categories, depending on the degree of their participation in improving the shopping environment. Compared with previous studies focusing on emphasizing the importance of improving customer services from a shopkeeper's perspective, this research provides a new insight as far as how to boost conventional markets. It is, furthermore, necessary to note how market participants, particularly shop owners as they are the key players, can contribute to rebuilding their business area together with their customers. As a research technique for effectively achieving the research goal, the authors adopted a documentation methodology based on a large amount of the existing literature for studying how to rebuild traditional markets. Concerned about the ways to revitalize conventional markets, many authors have proposed a variety of strategies, and have suggested more detailed action plans from a practitioner's perspective. By analyzing these research results, the authors will have accomplished the research aim. Rather than simply identifying the roles of shop owners, the author found that they had to understand their social contribution for enhancing their trading areas, as well as their functional roles, in forming a regional society. The conventional market should be, thus, regarded as the place to share regional culture. Consequently, the authors draw some conclusions from the research results. In order to answer the above question, it was found that the roles of shop owners have been considered as one of the most important ways for revitalizing traditional markets. With respect to their roles, it is evident that their business activities are closely related to the improvement of the trading area in terms of sociality, regional development, and market revitalization, by selling products or services to the customers visiting that area. In a word, this implies that shop owners have to actively take part in boosting conventional markets as a core player. Although the authors have properly achieved the research aim, this study has a limitation, like most other research, in adopting a documentation method. Because the research is based on existing data results provided by the prior research conducted a long time ago, whether the research findings are applicable in a contemporary market should be re-examined in future research from a practitioner's perspective, rather than from an academic's perspective.

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Place-based Policy and Urban Poverty: An Analysis of Employment Mismatch and Placeness of Regional Labor Market (장소기반 정책과 도시빈곤: 일자리 미스매치와 지역노동시장의 장소성 분석)

  • Lee, Wonho
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.41-56
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    • 2016
  • This study investigates the employment and spatial mismatch as a significant acting factor of deepening urban poverty and analyses the placeness of regional labor market that the more efficient place-based labor market intervention needs to take into account. The change of unemployment rate as a regional labor market outcome in metropolitan cities is determined by the dynamic interaction between disequilibrium of labor supply and demand and employment mismatch according to various labor market conditions and its process is certainly differentiated across the metropolitan regional labor markets. In addition, it is analyzed that during the employment suburbanization the spatial mismatch puts differentiated impacts on different labor groups through human capital requirements and industry-selective job opportunities. As a result, because this whole process works with its unique process within individual regional labor markets, in order to link between urban poverty and employment mismatch and to promote problem-solving labor market intervention, we need to develop place-based policy based on the placeness of regional labor marekt.

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Analyzing the Stream Thermal Environmental Characteristic in Cheongju City using Quick-bird and Landsat Imagery (Quick-bird와 Landsat영상을 하천 주변의 열환경 특성 분석)

  • Na, Sang-Il;Park, Jong-Hwa;Park, Jin-Ki
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.2023-2027
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    • 2008
  • 교통과 산업의 발달로 농촌인구의 감소가 빠르게 진행되고, 도시로 유입된 인구의 거주 공간 확보를 위해 도시주변의 피복 변화가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 도시 지표의 대부분이 아스팔트나 콘크리트 등으로 피복되어 있어 도심의 기온이 교외와 비교하여 높게 형성되는 도시열섬현상(urban heat island, UHI)이 두드러지고 있다. 따라서 도시열섬현상 해소 대책으로 다양한 방법들이 분야 별로 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 청주시 소재(미호천과 무심천을 대상으로) 하천으로 부터 떨어진 거리에 따른 열환경에 대하여 토지 피복에 따른 공간적 특성 분석을 수행함으로서 하천이 도심지 열 환경에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 하천을 중심으로 $0{\sim}1000m$ 까지 200m 간격의 버퍼를 생성하고 Landsat 영상에 의한 NDVI와 온도분포도를 이용하여 청주시 하천의 근접성에 따른 NDVI 및 온도 분포 분석 결과, NDVI는 하천을 기준으로 거리가 멀어질수록 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고 온도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Quick-bird 영상에 의한 토지피복도와 NDVI, 온도 데이터를 중첩분석한 결과 NDVI는 산림-경작지-초지-나지-시가지 및 건조지 순으로 나타났고 평균온도는 NDVI의 역순으로 나타났다. 특히, 시가지를 비롯하여 공업지, 상업지 등 건조지역과 나지는 평균 $24^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 인구밀집지역은 높은 온도분포를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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