• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2019

This study was performed to evaluate clinical use of laser fluorescence (LF) to identify early childhood caries lesions suitable for applying resin infiltration. 20 exfoliated primary molars with proximal caries were selected and cut buccolingually cross the central pit for regarding the mesial and distal surfaces respectively. 27 specimens corresponding to ICDAS code 1 and 2 were selected and the LF values were measured. When infiltrant resin was applied, double staining for microscopy detection has done simultaneously. Tooth samples were sliced with 0.7 mm thick. The maximum lesion depth, maximum penetration depth, and average penetration rate were measured from the confocal scanning laser microscope image. Pearson correlation analysis was performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient of LF values shows excellent agreement. LF values had positive correlation with penetration rate, but not lesion depth and penetration depth. Significant correlation between LF readings and penetration rate was verified in deep enamel caries and dentin caries except shallow enamel caries. Infiltrant resin could penetrate with a higher rate and LF values could be increased in more active caries lesions. In assessing radiologically similar caries lesion, laser fluorescence might be useful for identifying caries activity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with function or development in children. In traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ADHD is classified by several patterns based on symptoms and signs. However, currently, there is no objective diagnostic tool for ADHD in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to develop the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) to be used in Korean medicine, through a literature review and consultation with groups of experts. Methods: The types of pattern identifications of ADHD mentioned in 13 pieces of Korean and Chinese literatures and their symptoms and signs were analyzed. The advisory committee (15 Neuropsychiatrist and 11 Pediatrist in Korean Medicine) assessed the appropriateness of the literature selection and the types of pattern identification selection and their symptoms and signs, and weighed the significance of the symptoms and signs. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD was developed using the calculated weights by evaluated significance. The translation of symptoms and signs to the Korean language was achieved through consultation with expert translators. Results: 1. Four pattern identification types and their symptoms and signs were selected according to frequency of appearance in the Korean and Chinese literatures, and were reviewed by the advisory committee: Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity (腎虛肝亢), Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛), Phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺). 2. The weights of all the symptoms and signs in the four patterns were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the symptoms and signs' importance that were obtained from specialists' significance weighting. 3. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine composed of 38 questions was suggested. Conclusions: Using a review of the literature and expert advice, Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine was developed. Further clinical study is required to develop a final version of the questionnaire through the evaluation of reliability and validity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of osteoclast differentiation inhibition according to the period of precipitation when titanium disks were immersed in Modified simulated body fluid (mSBF). Materials and methods: Titanium alloy (Ti grade III) disks with machined surfaces and anodized surfaces were immersed in distilled water and mSBF, respectively. The immersion periods were 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days, and the control group was immersed in distilled water for each period. RAW 264.7 cells capable of differentiating into osteoclasts were used to measure the number of adherent cells, the measurement of TRAP activity, and the expression pattern of NFATc1 by western blotting. Results: The degree of inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was found to be statistically significant when the disks were immersed in mSBF for more than 14 days on both machined surfaces and anodized surfaces. There was no correlation between immersion time and cell attachment. When the disks were immersed for more than 14 days, TRAP activity was decreased and NFATc1 expression was inhibited. Futhermore, the decrease in TRAP activity and the inhibition of NFATc1 expression remained unchanged. Conclusion: Immersion of titanium disks in mSBF for more than 14 days can prevent RAW 264.7 cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. Inhibition activity does not change even if the immersion period is for more than 14 days.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of beraprost sodium on digital infrared thermal images in patients with peripheral arterial disease caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease were treated with beraprost sodium in a prospective, multicenter, cohort study from February 2013 to December 2014. Beraprost sodium ($40{\mu}g$) was administered orally 3 times daily ($120{\mu}g/day$) for 6 months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) were performed to compare the blood flow improvement between before and after dosing. Results: Among the 25 patients included in the evaluation, 22 patients completed the study. A significant increase in body temperature was observed in the front and left side, particularly in the plantar side in DITI compared to that before and after administration. An increase in body temperature was observed at the frontal part from $28.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$ to $29.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$ (p=0.021), at the left side from $27.8^{\circ}C{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$ to $28.6^{\circ}C{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$ (p=0.028), at the plantar part at $24.0^{\circ}C{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, and at the plantar part at $27.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$ (p<0.01). The VAS decreased significantly from $5.4{\pm}1.3$ to $2.7{\pm}2.0$ after 6 months of treatment (p<0.01). Conclusion: Beraprost sodium is a safe and easy-to use oral medication for diabetes peripheral arterial disease. It can be expected to increase the blood flow and decrease the lower extremity pain statistically after being taken for 6 months.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with contracting Lyme disease (LD) among Korean deer farmers. This cross-sectional study devised questionnaire that addressed farm activities, was devised and the blood samples of 516 Korean deer farmers were tested. LD seroprevalence was determined by Western blot test. Fisher's exact test, the chi-squared test, and the chi-squared test for trend analysis were performed to assess the risk associated with LD. Of total 516 study participants recruited, only 12 (2.3%) were seropositive for LD. The result of the study revealed that only deer farmers raising Elk (Cervus Canadensis) were found to be at significantly higher risk of contracting LD than other deer farmers (p=0.033). In addition, a male sex, an age of < 40 years, and those that had raised deer for < 19 years had higher rates of LD infection than their counterparts. Similarly, those that managed livestock sheds, fed deer, processed industry and prepared compost had higher rates of LD infection. In terms of protective factors, those who did not use protective measures such as wear glasses and masks, or protective gloves and aprons, and those that did not disinfect work instruments and did not shower after work had higher rates of LD than those that used protective measures. In conclusion, preventive health strategies should take into account the profiles of deer farmers at greater risk based on considerations of personal, type of work, and the use of personal protective measures.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the emotional characteristics of the patients within one year after stroke using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form. Methods: It analyzed the medical records of 39 stroke patients who had visited W University hospital and completed the Core Seven-Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-S), the K-MBI, the PWI-SF, and the HADS. Patients data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the nonparametric test of the CSEI according to the period of stroke onset in patients and Spearman's correlation analysis using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science, IBM, United States of America) Version 23.0. Results: First, in the case of depression, all subjects were in the danger group, although more than half of the joy, anger, thinking, sadness and fear were included in the normal group in the shortening of the key seven-point scale. Secondly, in measuring the social and psychological stress and hospital anxiety and depression, social and psychological stress were indicated to be a potential danger group, while anxiety and depression were shown to be a healthy group. Thirdly, the emotional characteristics were explored according to the sub-factor of the shortening of the key seven-figure emotional scale after being classified within two months, between two and six months and over six months depending on the duration of the outbreak. As a result, statistically significant, Joy was the highest score over six months and the lowest score between two and six months. On the other hand, the case of depression was depicted to be significantly lower at over six months, and was highest between two and six months. Finally, the correlations on each scale were statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provided that the CSEI-S can be used to simply to measure the emotions of patients according to the period of the onset of stroke in the clinical scene.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

We conduct this study to compare the difference in duration of labor in nulliparous women received epidural analgesia or non-epidural analgesia for labor pain. This retrospective, observational study based on the review of the medical records from February 2014 to July 2017. Epidural analgesia was initiated with a 10 mL epidural bolus of 1% lidocaine and was maintained with a 0.1% mixture of ropivacaine with fentanyl. Non-epidural analgesia was initiated with pethidine 12.5 mg bolus, followed by additional boluses as needed. The primary outcome was the duration of the labor. 149 healthy nulliparous women at term pregnancies with no evidence of fetal distress were enrolled in this study. 92 women received non-epidural analgesia (Group NE) and 57 women received epidural analgesia (Group E). There were no significant differences between the two groups in maternal demographic characteristics. Using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, there was no significant difference in the overall duration of the labor(P=0.233). The duration of the first stage of labor was $187.6{\pm}167.3min$ in Group NE, $248.6{\pm}168.7min$ in Group E (Mean${\pm}$SD, P=0.032). The duration of the second stage of labor was $67.1{\pm}57.8min$ in Group NE, $64.1{\pm}47.5min$ in Group E (Mean${\pm}$SD, P=0.693). Epidural analgesia delayed the first stage of labor in this study. But there were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of the second stage and the total duration of labor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of Mutans streptococci in both planktonic and biofilm states to erythrosine. S. mutans was cultured in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. Erythrosine was diluted in BHI broth and prepared at a concentration range of $0.02-10000{\mu}g/L$. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured using the microdilution method. After forming biofilms on 96-well plates, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were measured. S. mutans was susceptible to erythrosine in both planktonic and biofilm states. MIC and MBC values were both $19.5{\mu}g/L$ for the planktonic state, while MBIC and MBEC values were $313{\mu}g/L$ and $2500{\mu}g/L$, respectively, for the biofilm state. Erythrosine ($19.5{\mu}g/L$) exhibited a bactericidal effect on S. mutans (killing 99.9%) in the planktonic state. For biofilms, erythrosine inhibited biofilm growth and eradicated 99.9% of biofilm bacteria at higher concentrations than MIC and MBC. These MBIC and MBEC concentrations are much lower than known noxious doses, and the MIC, MBC, and MBIC values were even lower than clinical concentrations.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2019

Individual dental age is used as an index of chronological age estimation and is an important indicator of the child's growth stage. Dental age does change greatly over time, but it changes constantly. And updating information about this change is important. The purpose of this study was to provide information about tooth eruption stage using diagnostic model analysis and to investigate tooth eruption sequence and estimate chronological age based on this information. Tooth eruption stages were measured on a diagnostic model from 488 patients in 5 - 13 year old children. Based on the information on eruption stage, eruption sequence in maxilla was first permanent molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, first premolar, canine, second premolar and second permanent molar. Eruption sequence in mandible was first permanent molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar and second permanent molar. There were significant differences between males and females in the eruption stage of canine, first and second premolar, and second molar at several ages. The chronological age of male and female was estimated by the coefficient of determination of 0.816, 0.826 respectively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate orofacial morphologies on the cases of developmental disorders of maxillary first molars. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalographs, and clinical photos of 2983 children who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2006 to August 2017 were assessed retrospectively. 34 patients were selected whose maxillary first molars were missed or developmentally delayed unilaterally or bilaterally. Demirjian's method was used for estimating dental age, then which was compared to chronologic age of children. Parameters expressing skeletal and dentoalveolar disharmony were checked and compared with control. Additionally, occlusion relationship was evaluated. Maxillary dental age was significantly delayed compared to chronologic age. Several parameters which show skeletal open-bite tendency and skeletal class III malocclusion with maxillary retrusion were statistically significant. Anterior crossbite and edge-bite were expected in most of these cases, but compensation by occlusion and soft tissue was also verified which might mask skeletal class III tendency. Congenital missed or developmentally delayed maxillary first molars might be related with declined growth of maxilla. If developmental disorders of maxillary first molars were verified during clinical examination, careful monitoring of orofacial growth was necessary during puberty and timed orthopedic and orthodontic intervention were considered.