• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2019

The purpose of this study to examine the status of Korean language education, and to examine the future direction between with korean and China. The Korean language course organized by the European Union Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which selects and conducts consignment companies through annual competition every year since 2002, In order to these goals and needs, it is imperative to develop a curriculum that enhances job skills. As Korean language education, a point that is necessary to clarify terms more clearly, which 'vocational education purpose' is widely used in the term of 'business education'. With all languages education, Korean language education is not meant to teach Korean to foreigners, but it is a process by which learners can apply Korean language learned in classroom to various situations, while outside the classroom through teaching and learning. Otherwise, the curriculum in the four-year college Korean language department in China, which is lacking in acquiring the ability to achieve the Korean language education goals and social needs. Korean language education in China is one of foreign language education and it is different from foreign language education such as English education as Minor Languages education.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and skeletal maturation in growing children aged 7 - 15 years and predict the maturational stages of the midpalatal suture corresponding to skeletal maturity assessed by the skeletal maturation indicators (SMI) and middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) stages. The group of this retrospective study was consisted of randomly selected 132 male and 135 female in age from 7 - 15 years. The maturation of the midpalatal suture was evaluated by using images from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) while the skeletal age was assessed by hand-wrist radiography. CBCT images and hand-wrist radiographs used in this study were obtained from all subjects for orthodontic diagnosis before orthodontic treatment. The maturational stages of the midpalatal suture showed strong correlations with both SMI and MP3 stages. The correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and SMI (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ϒ_S = 0.905, p < 0.05) was slightly greater than that of MP3 stages (ϒ_S = 0.830, p < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and chronological age (ϒ_S = 0.868,p < 0.05). CBCT for evaluation of the midpalatal suture maturational stages may be unnecessary in every pediatric patients because SMI and MP3 stages were both replaceable useful methods for assessing maturation of the midpalatal suture before orthopedic treatment. In this retrospective study, the diagnostic reliability of the SMI method for estimating midpalatal suture maturation showed better reliability than the MP3 method.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2018

Leucocyte extravasation has been known to play an important role in inflammatory reactions including contact dermatitis. Previous studies suggested that CD99 regulates ${\beta}1$ integrin activity and may be a novel therapeutic target molecule for inflammatory diseases. In this study, the effects of CD99-derived peptide, CD99CRIII3, on inflammatory reactions in contact dermatitis mouse model were investigated. CD99CRIII3 decreased ${\beta}1$-integrin activity in human monocytic U937 cells. CD99CRIII3 inhibited the adhesion of U937 monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and their extravasation through human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CD99CRIII3 reduced inflammation in the phorbol myristate acetate-induced contact dermatitis mice in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that CD99CRIII3 suppresses the extravasation of monocytes and inflammatory reactions in the animal model of the contact dermatitis, suggesting that CD99CRIII3 could be a new drug candidate against inflammatory skin diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare fracture and flexural strength of provisional restorative resins fabricated by additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and conventional direct technique. Materials and methods: Five types of provisional restorative resin made with different methods were investigated: Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer (S3Z), two digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer (D3Z, D3P), milling method (MIL), conventional method (CON). For fracture strength test, premolar shaped specimens were prepared by each method and stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Compressive load was measured using a universal testing machine (UTM). For flexural strength test, rectangular bar specimens ($25{\times}2{\times}2mm$) were prepared by each method according to ISO 10477 and flexural strength was measured by UTM. Results: Fracture strengths of the S3Z, D3Z, and D3P groups fabricated by additive manufacturing were not significantly different from those of MIL and CON groups (P>.05/10=.005). On the other hand, the flexural strengths of S3Z, D3P, and MIL groups were significantly higher than that of CON group (P<.05), but the flexural strength of D3Z group was significantly lower than that of CON group (P<.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of our study, provisional restorative resins made from additive manufacturing showed clinically comparable fracture and flexural strength as those made by subtractive manufacturing and conventional method.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the dentist's awareness and the actual status of infection control of noncritical dental instruments. Materials and Methods: 40 dental clinics in Daejeon, South Chungcheong, North Chungcheong and North Jeolla provinces were surveyed. The questionnaire was delivered to the dentists belonging to those clinics, and the awareness and the practice of infection control were examined. The microbial contamination on the surface of five noncritical instruments (impression gun, light curing unit, 3-way syringe, shade guide, and dental floss dispenser) used by them was measured with an ATP luminometer. Correlation analysis between the awareness and the actual state of infection control was conducted. Results: Awareness and frequency of infection control was highest in the 3-way syringe. Surface disinfection using disinfectant was most frequent in all instruments. 3-way syringes and shade guides were less contaminated than impression guns, light curing units, and dental floss dispensers. Conclusion: 3-way syringes had a significant correlation between user awareness of infection control and surface contamination, and the higher awareness, the lower the contamination measurement was shown.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of orthodontic bracket with Conventional primer (CP), Moisture insensitive primer (MIP), and Self-etching primer (SEP). In addition, the effect and the timing of saliva contamination on shear bond strength was evaluated. A total of 135 bovine mandibular incisors were used in the study and divided into 3 groups. Group I, II and III were used CP, MIP, SEP, respectively. Each group was then divided into three subgroups: the group without saliva contamination, the group with primer application after saliva contamination, and the group with saliva contamination after primer application. After the primer application, the metal bracket for the lower incisor was attached and the shear bond strength was measured. The mean shear bond strengths was highest with CP and lowest with SEP in dry condition. However, CP showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength in the presence of saliva contamination. MIP and SEP showed no significant decrease in shear bond strength with saliva contamination.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the color stability of provisional restorative materials fabricated by subtractive and additive manufacturing. Materials and Methods: PMMA specimens by subtractive manufacturing and conventional method and bis-acryl specimens by additive manufacturing were fabricated each 20. After immersing specimens in the coffee solution and the wine solution, the color was measured as CIE Lab with a colorimeter weekly for 4 weeks. Color change was calculated and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and the Tukey multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05). Results: PMMA provisional prosthetic materials by subtractive manufacturing showed superior color stability compared to bis-acryl provisional prosthetic materials by additive manufacturing (P < 0.05), and showed similar color stability to the PMMA provisional prosthetic materials by conventional method (P > 0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended to fabricate provisional restorations by subtractive manufacturing in areas where esthetics is important, such as anterior teeth, and consideration of the color stability will be required when making provisional prosthetic using additive manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

Objectives : This study intends to assess the associations among perceived stigma at the time of infection, coping strategies adopted 12 months later and depressive and posttraumatic symptoms 24 months later in Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) survivors. Methods : A nationwide cohort study was conducted on 63 survivors of 2015 MERS outbreak. Demographic data, illness severity of MERS, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms, coping strategies and MERS-related stigma were collected 12 and 24 months after the MERS outbreak, respectively. Results : Higher levels of perceived stigma at the time of outbreak were associated with higher levels of dysfunctional coping strategies after 12 months (p=0.003) and more severe depressive (p=0.058) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p=0.011) after 24 months. Moreover, higher levels of dysfunctional coping strategies after 12 months were significantly associated with more severe depressive (p=0.002) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p<0.001) after 24 months. Conclusions : Social stigma against people who have contracted an emerging infectious disease can leave a negative impact on the mental health of the survivors in the long term. In case of novel pandemics in the future, prompt rectification of stigma and promotion of adaptive coping strategies in survivors are needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2024

The zonula occludens (ZO) protein serves as a scaffolding protein, providing structural support at the junctions between cells and the cytoplasmic surface. It acts as a bridge between integral membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton. Besides its structural role, it also participates in regulating cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of ZO protein in various diseases, including cancer. Specifically, research has indicated that ZO protein influences the cancer microenvironment surrounding cancer cells, thereby facilitating their growth and development. ZO proteins exert diverse functions in the cancer microenvironment, impacting processes such as angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and interactions with mesenchymal stem cells. The specific mechanisms vary depending on the type of cancer and environmental conditions. Recent research unveiled several signaling pathways involving ZO protein, which could potentially impede cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, these insights open avenues for novel treatment strategies. While the numerous physiological, structural, and morphological roles of ZO protein have been observed at the cellular and in vivo levels, understanding the signaling mechanisms it operates in vivo and how these mechanisms influence the cancer microenvironment remains a challenge. In this review, we delineate the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of ZO protein in the context of the cancer microenvironment. Additionally, we propose leveraging the properties of ZO protein to devise defense mechanisms within the cancer cell environment and provide an overview of its in vivo role.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2024

Objectives : Cervical myofascial pain syndrome (C-MPS), a key aspect of Visual Display Terminals (VDT) Syndrome, leads to acute and chronic pain due to muscle shortening, potentially causing headaches and movement disorders. This study examines the effectiveness of Pharmacoacupuncture at the intersection of the Splenius Capitis (SC), Levator Scapulae (LS), and Serratus Posterior Superior(SPS) muscles under ultrasound guidance, known as the "SLS triangle" in treating C-MPS. Methods : Three patients (aged 30 to 37) with acute C-MPS presented at two Korean medicine clinics with severe neck pain and restricted cervical rotation. The evaluation of symptoms before treatment, immediately after treatment, and one day after treatment was conducted using the cervical rotation Range of motion (ROM) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for cervical pain. Treatments included Acupuncture, Cupping therapy, Chuna manipulation, Physical Therapy, and Pharmacopuncture (Jaha-geo extract, 2cc at the SLS triangle). Results : All three patients showed significant improvement post-treatment. Immediately after treatment, Patient 1's NRS improved from 7 to 2, Patient 2's NRS improved from 4 to 1, and Patient 3's NRS improved from 6 to 2. Directly after the procedure, there were no significant adverse reactions except for one patient experiencing temporary dizziness. When the patients were followed up by phone 24 hours later, no adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that ultrasound-guided pharmacopuncture can significantly reduce pain and improve cervical rotation in patients with cervical myofascial pain syndrome. The findings suggest this non-invasive treatment is both safe and effective, warranting further research through larger-scale clinical trials to validate its efficacy and establish standardized protocols.