• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate nitrogen availability of applied fertilizer and to investigate yield and growth of Korean kimchi cabbage as affected by amount of fertilizer and soil fertility in organic farming applied various fertilizers in rainshelter. The head weight of Korean kimchi cabbage cultured in infertile soil (sand loam) with no amendments was very low. and that in fertile soil (clay loam) was higher than in infertile soil (sand loam). The head weight of Korean kimchi cabbage as affected by amount of fertilizer was more variable in infertile soil (sand loam) than in fertile soil (clay loam). Nitrogen availability of applied fertilizer by Korean kimchi cabbage was lower in fertile soil (clay loam) than in infertile soil (sand loam) and the lower that was, the more fertilizer applied. By application of poultry manure compost 20Mg ha-1 and natural mineral materials such as guano, phosphate rock, and potassium magnesium rock equal to amount of fertilizer recommended in conventional farming, the yield of Korean kimchi cabbage in infertile soil (sand loam) with 1% organic matter came up to 90% of the yield in fertile soil (clay loam) with 6% organic matter. Therefore natural mineral materials such as guano for N source, phosphate rock for P source, and potassium magnesium rock for K source may be able to use as environmental-friendly fertilizers in organic Korean kimchi cabbage production in highland.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.357-369
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• 2011

The Bongamsa Jeongjindaesa Wonotap Pagoda (Treasure No. 171) constructed in the 10th century composed mainly of leucocratic granite with feldspar phenocryst. The major rock-forming minerals are quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and some biotite. This pogoda is highly damaged physical weathering which are break-out, flakes, exfoliation and cracks. As a result of the infrared thermography on the surface of the pagoda, internal exfoliations occurred to cracks. Also, P-XRF analysis showed that Fe, S, Ca and Mn of concentration were so high in the discoloration parts. The coated part of red pigment has a high five times in Fe content than the fresh rock surface. This result suggests that material of red pigment is hematite. Ultrasonic velocity of the stone properties were from 831 to 2,457 m/s, but it measured velocity of less than 1,000m/s in part of damaged area. Therefore, we suggest for safety conservation for weathered parts of the pagoda, that is in want of rejoin and consolidation treatment about serious damage parts.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-234
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• 2009

This study characterized groundwater quality and the influence of agrochemicals in a part of Ilgwang-Myeon agricultural area in Gijang-Gun, Busan Metropolitan City, using factor analyses. From the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd analyses of groundwater samples, the mean concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, $NO_3\;^-$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4\;^{2-}$, $F^-$, and $SiO_2$ were higher in the 2nd analysis than the other analyses. Pesticide carbofuran and herbicide alachlor were detected at the wells more than a half of all the wells in the 2nd analysis but not in the 4th analysis. This fact may be explained by that a higher precipitation induced higher infiltration rate of contaminants into groundwater during the 2nd survey. According to R- and Q-mode factor analyses, and chemical composition, inorganic constituents excepting $SiO_2$, $HC0_3\;^-$-, and $F^-$ may be influenced by anthropogenic sources (manures, synthetic fertilizers, and domestic wastes), seawater as well as water-mineral interaction. A typical indicator of groundwater contamination, nitrate, exceeds around 4-5 times over the Korean standard for drinking water. Additionally, the influence of seawater diminishes from the seaside to inland.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

Various treaments such heating, acid tenting, acid healing, alkaline treating, acid+alkaline renting were attempted to investigate their effects on molar ratio, chemical composition, DTA and specific surface area(SSA) of natural zeolite poder. Molar ratio, Si to AI. of natural zeolite was 4.78, which represented high silica type. Composition of natural zeolite showed that $SiO_2$ was 66.34% $Al_2O_3$ was 13.89%, $Fe_2O_2$ was 1.55% X-ray diffraction showed that main component of natural zeolite was mordenite and clinoptliolite. Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry curve of natural zeolite was showed to peak of endothermic peak at $80^{\circ}C$ and it means to the peak of dehydrate reaction, but recristalization was not formed below at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Weight loss during calcination was 16% at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Thermal treatments on SSA of natural zolite powder decreased from $75.2m^2/g\;to\;2.1m^2/g$. In contrast chemical treatments on SSA showed to increase to $300.2m^2/g$(1 N HCl treating), $54.9m^2/g$(1 N NaOH) and $90.9m^2/g$(HCl+NaOH)tudy, it could be proposed to employ acid tret method as packaging materisls for MA packaging.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

To examine floc characteristics of cohesive bed sediment of the Yeongsan River estuary, a floc camera system has been developed and utilized to observe flocs under varying conditions. In order to validate the floc camera system, sand particles were passed through 88-125 and $63-88{\mu}m$ sieves and observed within the laboratory. Mean grain size and settling velocities were found to be 102 and $56.2{\mu}m$ and 6.7 and 5.9 mm/s, respectively. Artifacts of particles estimated outside of the sieve range are attributed to being imaged out of the depth of focus. However, as mean grain size and settling velocity of each size class were within the confidence interval, the floc camera system was confidently used to examine cohesive bed sediments of Yeongsan River estuary. The bed sediment sample was prepared with a concentration of 0.1 g/L in 0 psu deionized water. The mean grain size, settling velocity and fractal dimension of flocs were $40.6{\pm}0.66{\mu}m$, 14 mm/s, and 2.86, respectively. Experiments were also conducted using different salinities (10 and 34 psu) and sediment concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 g/L). Despite changing these parameters, the mean observed grain size and settling velocities were found to be the same within the error range of the system. The relatively higher values of settling velocity and fractal dimension are considered a result of the sediment containing relatively small concentrations of organic matter. Moreover, consistent floc size over various grain sizes and concentrations may be the result of insufficient turbulence to aggregate flocs.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.301-314
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• 2009

The Taebaeksan mineralized province, which is the most important one in South Korea, is rich in zinc-lead-tungsten-iron-copper-molybdenum-silver-gold mineral resources and has a diversity of deposit styles. These deposits principally coexist in time and space with porphyry-related epigenetic deposit such as skarn, hydrothermal replacement, mesothermal vein, and Carlin-like deposits. The magmatic-hydrothermal systems in the Taebaek fold belt is genetically characterized by the Bulguksa subvolcanic rocks(ca. $110{\sim}50\;Ma$) related to northwestward subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. The most important zinc-lead deposits in the area are the Uljin, Yeonhwa II and Shinyemi skarn, the Janggun hydrothermal replacement, and the Yeonhwa I intermediate-mixed (skarn/hydrothermal replacement) ones. In the present study, we present a compilation of metal production and mineral assemblage of the zinc-lead deposits. The metal difference of deposit styles in the area indicates a cooling path from intermediate-sulfidation to low-sulfidation state in the polymetallic hydrothermal system, reflecting spatial proximity to a magmatic source.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

FT dating of twelve zircon concentrates was carried out on the igneous rocks in the study area. The FT results from this study are younger than those of Rb-Sr or K-Ar by 20Ma, probably, due to the different closing temperature of the minerals. The obtained ages are $161{\pm}11Ma$ to $150{\pm}10Ma$ for the gneissose granodiorite and the Geochang granodiorite. It is estimated that the intermediate and basic rocks were formed at twice: one from $148{\pm}13Ma$ to $144{\pm}8Ma$, and the other from $122{\pm}8Ma$ to $104{\pm}7Ma$. In the case of the Gajo granite, the age is $96.5{\pm}5.7Ma$ to $95.4{\pm}6.4Ma$. Although considering the fact that the FT age is younger than the K-Ar age, it is likely that the magmatism in the Jurassic period was most intense in the area, which was associated with the Daebo orogeny.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2013

Daejiguksaptapbi (Tapbi) is a memorial stele which is inscribed with personal history of a state preceptor, Daejiguksa Beopkyeong. The Tapbi comprises tortoise-shaped pedestal, dragon top and body stone, and the body stone is remained in 255 pieces by excavation in Samcheonsaji temple site of Seoul. The Tapbi is composed of tuffaceous breccia for the body, coarse-grained pink feldspar granite for the pedestal and fine-grained granite for the top. As a result of geological survey to find a rock provenance of the Tapbi rock, the tuffaceous breccia is found in the banks of Gangwha straits, and the pink feldspar granite and fine-grained granite are found around the temple site in Mt. Bukhansan. Each rock shows similarities to the Tapbi in lithology and mineralogy. Also, geochemical data of major, some trace and rare earth elements verify their cognation in each rock type. It can be interpreted that the provenance of the body stone is distant as Gangwha area, and the provenance of the pedestal and top stones are near the temple site. The results can be utilized to restore the Tapbi by using the same rocks.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school students' interests and and perceptions about the soil concepts. The data were obtained from 72 boys and 82 girls at a high school in Daegu area. The questionnaires were developed 8 questions for students' interest and 10 questions for students' understanding. The results of this study were as follows. In the examination of students' interest on the soil concepts, boys showed 3.2point(64.9%) out of 5point and girls showed 3.2point(64.6%) out of 5 point. Furthermore, a percentage of correct answers for understanding on the soil concepts was 47.4%. In detail, Boys had 48.2% and girls had 46.6%, boys showed higher understanding about soil concepts than girls. And students understood soil concepts by a visible side, to approach the soil concepts from a biological point of view, rather than a geologic one. Also high school students didn't think soil concepts to consist of minerals and rocks from a geologic point of view. Correlation between interest and understanding on the soil concepts was very weak by showing r=.170(p<.05).

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.337-349
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• 2014

We measured rare earth element and Zr concentrations of USGS granite standard material GSP-2 and GSJ granite standard material JG-1a to clarify the effect of zircon during rare earth element analysis using ICP-MS. We also measured rare-earth element and zirconium (Zr) contents of zircon from granite by acid-digestion methods using conventional teflon vial and pressure-bomb. The results show that acid-digestion using teflon vial dissolved ca. 50% of zircon compared to pressure-bomb method. The Zr contents of JG-1a and GSP-2 gave ca 50% of reference value. However, rare-earth element abundance of JG-1a and GSP-2 were similar to those of reference values. This suggests that the decomposition degree of zircon might give a negligible effect on a petrological and geochemical interpretation using chondritenormalized REE pattern.