• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2 s.52
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

XRD, HRPD and SEM were used for mineralogical characterization of fault clay in fracture zone from Ipsil. Variations of color in fault clay exhibit significant mineral composition difference. Fault clays from Ipsil are composed mainly of smectite, laumontite, and quartz. Laumontite, a distinct fault clay in Ipsil fault, might be resulted from alteration of bed rock in fracture zone based on the result that no laumontite was found near fault rock. Fault clays from Ipsil are composed mainly of smectite.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2002

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2011

The mineralogy and mixing state were investigated by the high resolution scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis on particles of the total suspended solid (TSP) samples collected during the Asian dust event, spring, 2009. Relatively large particles were dominated by quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, amphibole, biotite, muscovite, chlorite, and calcite. Clay minerals usually occur as thin coatings on the coarse minerals or as aggregates. Calcite nanofibers are often admixed with clay platelets in the clay coatings and aggregates. Dust particles were classified on the basis of their main minerals. The single-particle mineralogy and mixing state of the TSP sample are consistent with those of $PM_{10}$ samples in previous studies.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Surface soils on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, West Antarctica were investigated to acquire the mineralogical and geochemical data of soil in Antarctica. Multiline of techniques for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and wet chemistry analysis were performed to measure the composition of clay minerals, Fe-oxidation states, cation exchange capacity, and total cation concentration. Various minerals in sediments such as smectite, illite, chlorite, kaolinite, quartz and plagioclase were identified by XRD. Fe-oxidation states of bulk soils showed 20-40% of Fe(II) which would be ascribed to the reduction of Fe in clays as well as Fe-bearing minerals. Moreover, redox states of Fe in smectite structure was a ~57% of Fe(III) consistent to the values for the bulk soils. The cation exchange capacity of bulk soils ranged from 100 to 300 meq/kg and differences were not significantly measured for the sampling locations. Total cations (Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe) of bulk soils varies, contrast to the heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn). These results suggested that composition of bed rocks influenced the distribution of elements in soil environments and soils containing clay compositions may went through the bio/geochemical alteration.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.409-421
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• 2022

Achieving a highly resolved spatial distribution of Mn-bearing minerals and elements in the natural ferromanganese nodules can provide detailed knowledge of the temporal variations of geochemical conditions affecting the formation processes of nodules. While a recent study utilizing Raman spectroscopy has reported the changes in the manganate mineral phases with growth for spherical nodules from the Arctic Sea, the distributions of minerals and elements in the nodules from the shallow Arctic Sea with non-spherical forms have not yet fully elucidated. Here, we reported the micro-laser Raman spectra with varying data acquisition points along three different profiles from the center to the outermost rim of the non-spherical ferromanganese nodules collected from the East Siberian Sea (~73 m). The elemental distributions in the nodule (such as Mn, Fe, etc.) were also investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to observe the internal structure and mineralogical details. Based on the microscopic observation, the internal structures of a non-spherical nodule can be divided into three different regions, which are sediment-rich core, iron-rich substrate, and Mn-Fe layers. The Raman results show that the Mn-bearing mineral phases vary with the data acquisition points in the Mn-Fe layer, suggesting the changes in the geochemical conditions during nodule formation. In addition, we also observe that the mineral composition and structural characteristics depend on the profile direction from the core to the rim. Particularly, the Raman spectra obtained along one profile show the lack of Fe-(oxy)hydroxides and the noticeably high crystallinity of Mn-bearing minerals such as birnessite and todorokite. On the other hand, the spectra obtained along the other two profiles present the presence of significant amount of amorphous or poorly-ordered Fe-bearing minerals and the low crystallinity of Mn-bearing minerals. These results suggest that the diagenetic conditions varied with the different growth directions. We also observed the presence of halite in several layers in the nodule, which can be evidence of the alteration of seawater after nodule formation. The current results can provide the opportunity to obtain detailed knowledge of the formation process and geochemical environments recorded in the natural non-spherical ferromanganese nodule.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.227-239
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• 2021

A practical and effective method of X-ray powder diffraction analysis was investigated for quantitative analysis of the mineral content of natural samples. Sample mounting experiments were conducted to select the best randomly oriented powder sample mount. A comparative experiment was also made between a reference intensity ratio (RIR) method, which compares a single peak intensity with standard material, and the Rietveld method, which calculates a full X-ray diffraction pattern, to search for the effective method of mineral quantification. In addition, samples containing amorphous minerals were quantitatively analyzed by the Rietveld method and the efficiency was reviewed. As a result of the study, the optimal random orientation could be reached by the side mounting method. The Rietveld method using the full pattern of X-ray diffraction was more suitable for mineral quantitative analysis, rather than the RIR method using a specific peak. However, either method could depend on the analyst's experience in addition to analytical technique. Moreover, amorphous minerals can be quantitatively analyzed by the Rietveld method, and the analysis results make the geological analysis possible.

• Mineral and Industry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

국내에서 천연 제올라이트는 부존자원으로서의 높은 잠재성에도 불구하고, 용도개발에 대한 연구개발이 부진하여 관련산업이 활성화되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 환경개선용 기능성 소재로서의 천연 제올라이트의 응용이 앞으로 국내에서 천연 제올라이트의 부가가치 향상을 도모할 수 있는 효과적인 방안이 될 것으로 생각된다. 환경산업 분야에서는 천연 제올라이트가 합성 제올라이트와의 경쟁관계에서 유리한 위치를 점유할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 환경산업에서 천연 제올라이트의 새로운 수요처가 형성되면 기존의 저급한 용도보다 한 단계 향상된 부가가치의 창출이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. 국내산 천연 제올라이트의 자원잠재성과 부가가치를 제고시키기 위해서 앞으로는 관련산업이 응용광물학적 지식기반 산업으로 전환되어야 한다. 또한 지금까지 국내에서 천연 제올라이트에 관례적으로 적용되어 왔던 화학조성 및 CEC 분석자료에 의거한 제올라이트의 품위 및 품질 평가 방식에서도 개선과 보완이 요구된다. 특히 X-선회절 정량분석, 전자현미경관찰, 선택적 이온교환 및 흡착특성과 관련된 실험 등을 통해서 천연 제올라이트의 품위와 품질이 보다 정밀하게 감정되고 평가되어야 할 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 앞으로는 천연제올라이트의 부가가치 향상을 위한 연구개발과 산업응용은 반드시 제올라이트의 세공구조, 광물상, 광물 조성 및 특성에 대한 이해와 지식에 기반하여 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

울산지역에 널리 분포하고 있는 해성 퇴적토에 대하여 깊이별로 물리, 화학 그리고 광물학적 특성을 파악하였으며, 이 지역에서 채취된 시료에 대하여 깊이별로 퓨준압말시험을 실시하였다. 본 논문을 위하여 울산 해성 퇴적토의 생성과정을 추정하고, X-선 회절 분석, X-선 형광분석 및 에너지분산분광분석을 실시하여 깊이에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 울산 해성 퇴적토의 점토광물에 대한 정량분석결과, 일라이트, 카올리나이트, 녹니석, 스멕타이트 순으로 많게 나타났음, 화학성분 분석결과, SiO$_2$, $Al_2$O$_3$그리고 Fe$_2$O$_3$가 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경 관찰결과, 유공충과 규조류가 관찰되었다. 표준압밀시험 결과, 울산지역의 해성 퇴적 점토는 깊이에 따른 변형거동이 화학적, 광물학적 분석결과와 마찬가지로 깊이에 따른 변화를 보이지 않아 같은 시디에 퇴적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.519-526
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• 2018

In order to analyze space resources, it had to be brought to earth. However, using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to analyze qualitative and quantitative analysis of space minerals in real time. LIBS is a spectroscopic method in which a high energy laser is concentrated on a material surface to generate a plasma, and the emitted light is acquired through a spectroscope to analyze the atomic composition. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method that analyzes the molecular structure by measuring scattered light. These two spectroscopic methods are complementary spectroscopic methods for analyzing the atoms and molecules of unknown minerals and have an advantage as space payloads. In this study, data were analyzed qualitatively by using principal component analysis(PCA). In addition, a mixture of two minerals was prepared and a quantitative analysis was performed to predict the concentration of the material.