• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.635-647
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• 2018

Motivated reasoning refers to biased reasoning that is affected by motivation to achieve a particular result or goal. In this study, we attempted a theoretical study on motivated reasoning that hinders the development of scientific thinking and empirical study on actual context of motivated reasoning in the research experiences of next-generation Korean researchers in the field of science and technology. To be specific, literature reviews were conducted to explore the psychological meaning of motivated reasoning and its negative impact on scientific thinking and science research. To understand the substantial meaning and context of motivated reasoning in the field of real science and technology research, we conducted in-depth interviews with eight graduate students and one young science and technology researcher. As a result of the literature reviews, we found out that motivated reasoning can interfere with the proper theory and data coordination, which is the core process of scientific thinking at the individual level. At the socio-cultural level, it can lead to cessation of constructing scientific knowledge and it can act as a mechanism in the process of using science for specific socio-cultural beliefs or purposes, thereby hindering the development of science and technology based on rationale and objective scientific thinking. Quantitative analysis with in-depth interview data showed that graduate students and the young researcher's experienced motivated reasoning results in trying to protect prior beliefs, make hasty conclusions, protecting socio-cultural belief or rationalizing decisions made by their community. Their motivated reasoning could become an obstacle in constructing valid science and technology knowledge through appropriate theory and evidence coordination. Based on these findings we discussed science education for improving scientific thinking.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

Tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are linked to a number of adverse health outcomes. There is a new concept of thirdhand smoke that is residual tobacco smoke contamination remained after the cigarette is extinguished. This paper reviews published studies examining the residual tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke can be attached to various surfaces and reemitted to air for long period of time. The dynamic process can allow thirdhand smoke exposure to tobacco smoke without direct exposure to secondhand smoke. One critical evidence of the thirdhand smoke exposure was significantly high urinary cotinine level of infant who did not have direct secondhand smoke exposure. Potential exposure to new and more potent chemicals generated from chemical reactions between residual tobacco smoke and ambient air pollutants can get more attention. Considering toxicity and exposure route, children are uniquely susceptible to thirdhand smoke exposure. The review provides strong background information for thirdhand smoke but warrant more researches on this issue.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.131-153
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• 2010

This article intends to explore the meaning of record and role of record management in electronic record environments, based on appraisal theory of Records Continuum. Appraisal theory of Records Continuum can provide to explore the mean of record and role of record management in new social environment. And it try to build the Concept of archival contents for expanding the meaning and utilization of record based on appraisal theory of Records Continuum.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-80
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• 2011

이 연구는 일종의 비형식 교육기관인, 과학관 전시물의 배열과 설명문의 구조에 대한 논증적 접근을 목표로 하고 있다. 그러한 접근을 통하여 서대문 자연사 과학관 전시물 배열의 문제점과 새로운 전시물 배열방식을 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 우리는 논증을 바탕으로 전시물 배열의 거시와 미시적 관점의 점검 기준을 설정하였다. 이 분석 결과를 바탕으로 서대문 자연사 박물관 지구의 탄생분야의 전시의 배열에 대한 개선점을 제안한다. 분석은 Booth 등(2008)의 논증에 기초하여 공룡은 다른 동물들에 비해서 어떻게 그렇게 번창하였는가? 그 이유는 무엇인가? 무엇이 이 주장과 이유를 지지하는 증거인가? 질문들을 다루었다. 따라서 이러한 논증 식 전시물 배열이 서대문 자연사 박물관 전시 배열에 도입된다면 더 좋은 전시 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 결론 짓는다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2004

인간이 진화의 산물이라면 인간의 두뇌도 당연히 진화의산물이다. 따라서 인간의 두뇌를 연구하는 데에는 진화적 관점이 필수적으로 요구된다. 그래서 나는 이 짤막한 논문에서 우리 인간을 제외한 다른 동물도 사고의 능력을 갖추고 있다는 사실을 증명해줄 수 있는 직접 또는 간접적 증거들을 제시하고 그러한 정보들이 우리 두뇌의 진화를 이해하는 데 어떤 함의가 있는지 논의하고자 한다. 동물의 인지 능력을 엿볼 수 있는 대표적인 행동들로 도구의 사용, 동물들이 만드는 각종 구조물, 진화의 역사 동안 한번도 전하지 못했던 새로운 문제에 대한 해결책, 속임수, 언어, 그리고 복잡한 사회구조에 대한 이해 등에 대해 동물행동학자들의 관찰 견과를 간략히 소개한다. 아울러 지난 몇 년간 본인이 추진해온 한국영장류 연구소(Institute of Primate Research and Conservation: iPRC)의 건립 계획과 연구 목표를 간략하게나마 밝히고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.325-338
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 시.공 복합적인 선형 점 자료를 대상으로 시간과 공간을 함께 고려했을 때 자료 내에 군집(cluster)-시.공 복합 군집(space-time cluster)-이 존재하는 가를 검증하는 방법에 대해 논의하고, 실제 교통사고지점의 분포자료를 분석하여 군집의 유무를 통계적으로 검증하였다. 통계 분석의 결과 다음과 같은 사실이 확인되었다. 첫째, Knox의 분할표 방법과 Mantel의 역수 변환을 이용한 일반화된 회귀분석방법 모두 임계 거리 및 임계 시간 간격의 선택이 분석결과에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 이러한 임의성을 극복하기 위해 다양한 임계 거리 및 임계 시간 간격(혹은 부가 상수)에 대해 반복 실험한 결과, 일부 임계값의 조합에서 시간과 공간이 서로 독립적이라는 귀무가설을 기각할 수 있는 증거가 발견되었다. 셋째, 시.공 복합 군집의 파악에 가장 적합한 임계 거리와 임계 시간 간격은 공간적으로는 7000m, 시간적으로는 14일 혹은 21일이다. 마지막으로, 통계 분석과정에서 자료에 존재하는 중복 기록 사고들의 존재가 밝혀짐으로써 시.공 복합군집 검증이 탐험적 자료 분석(exploratory data analysis)의 도구로서 가지는 가치를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2008

Microcomputer Based Laboratory (MBL), by offering accurate and effective data collection and real-time graphs, enables students to reduce experiment time and, thereby, have deeper discussions concerning experimental results. This helps to emphasis the essential aspect of scientific inquiry; the process communication. Therefore, this study examined secondary school earth science MBL lessons with regards to the five basic aspects of scientific inquiry: "Asking", "Evidencing", "Explaining", "Evaluating" and "Communicating". It then investigated the level of argumentative communication between the students and teachers and also among the students themselves. For this study, three classroom activities were observed and videotaped, and teaching materials, textbooks and students' notes were collected. The transcribed data were analyzed from the perspective of scientific inquiry level and argument frames. The results showed that the scientific inquiry levels of the three classes were similar, except for the "Communicating" aspect, which appeared in only one episode. "Asking" was carried out by the teacher and then students were directed to collect certain data in the "Evidencing" stage. Furthermore, students were given possible ways to use evidence to formulate explanations and connections through the "Explaining" and "Evaluating" stages. In the argumentation analysis, most argumentative communication was identified as being associated with a given procedure, rather than with any scientific phenomena. In only one episode, did "Communicating" relate directly to any scientific phenomena. It can be concluded, that although MEL places emphasis on communication for authentic scientific inquiry, the environment required for such inquiry and argumentative communication can not be easily created in the classroom. Therefore, in order for authentic inquiry to take place in the MBL classroom, teachers should provide students with the opportunity to develop meaningful argumentation and scaffolding abilities.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.54
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• pp.98-117
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• 2011

This paper is a theoretical inquiry of the changing roles of digital technologies in the representation of risk. Critically examining existing perspectives on risk society and risk communication, this paper argues that digital technologies and images in risk communication have been relatively understudied. Having said that, this paper suggests that Actor-network Theory provide useful theoretical tools for current studies on how digital technologies affect contemporary risk communication practices. Furthermore, this paper examines varied recent studies investigating how digital technologies of visualization are at play in risk communication practices. In doing so, this paper demonstrates how digital images and technologies interrupt the processes that scientific evidence is presented and facts are constructed in varied contemporary scientific reasoning. It will focus on the emerging mode of seeing and visual regime made possible by the increased usage of digital image and technologies, which are characterized by networked connection, sensor, computerized algorithm, and increased storage space. Finally this paper will discuss on the implications on future studies on the roles of digital images and technologies in risk communication practices in Korean context.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.414-426
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• 2010

For this study, inquiry-based learning program was developed for promoting elementary students' scientific justification activities based on their uses of scientific evidences. The program was applied to the 5th grade science class to examine the types of evidences and major features of scientific justification activities. Analysis of the data showed that the evidences used by students were classified into knowledge-based evidence, experience-based evidence and authority-based evidence. As for students' justification features, this study reports three major cases: a case evolving evidence and justification to become more valid and logical, as inquiry activities progressed, other case maintaining less valid and illogical evidence and justification, and final case revealing passive and reluctant participation in the inquiry activities. Overall, students' participation in scientific justification process became more valid and relevant, while there were some students who were unable to make the relevant relations between evidences and claims they made. The educational implications were discussed to consider more effective ways to improve the scientific classroom environment through social knowledge construction.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

The oxidation states of structural Fe in minerals reflect the paleo-depositional redox conditions for the biologically or abiotically induced mineral formation. Particularly, nano-scale analysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is necessary to identify evidence for the microbial role in the biomineralization. HRTEM-EELS analysis of oxidation states of structural Fe and carbon bonding structure differentiate biological factors in mineralization by mapping the distribution of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and source of organic C. HRTEM-EELS technique provides geomicrobiologists with the direct nano-scale evidence of microbe-mineral interaction.