• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the types of interlanguage that middle school students use in learning about the concept of diastrophism. Eighteen students from two classes in a middle school in Seoul participated in the study and each participant was interviewed four times. Data were analyzed in terms of semantic relations and thematic patterns. As a result, eight interlanguage types were identified and described, which are using everyday language as resources, combining scientific words with everyday words, conjugating scientific words imperfectly, and using semantic relations inappropriately. The implication of interlanguage for science learning and teaching is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.77-98
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• 2023

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming the major trend in the natural language processing field. These models were built based on research data, but information such as types, limitations, and risks of using research data are unknown. This research would present how to analyze and evaluate the LLMs that were built with research data: LLaMA or LLaMA base models such as Alpaca of Stanford, Vicuna of the large model systems organization, and ChatGPT from OpenAI from the perspective of research data. This quality evaluation focuses on the validity, functionality, and reliability of Data Quality Management (DQM). Furthermore, we adopted the Holistic Evaluation of Language Models (HELM) to understand its evaluation criteria and then discussed its limitations. This study presents quality evaluation criteria for LLMs using research data and future development directions.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Current computer education is difficult to educate basic concepts and principals of the computer science because the 7th curriculum of computer education is focused on the application of software. According to the ACM K-12 report about the computer science education model, current computer education is taking the wrong way and we should put the highly priority on the education of the fundamentals through programming languages for a better computer education oriented to the computer science. This paper introduces a new object-oriented educational programming language "Dolittle". The design principals of Dolittle are simple syntax of Korean, incremental programming, text based programming, aliasing of function, and object-oriented programming. Being applied to middle school classes, we can confirm that Dolittle is easy to learn, and gives rise to high interest and keeps interest through a course, and also is of great practical use in class for programming novice.

• The Science & Technology
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• s.506
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• pp.66-67
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• 2011

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2019

자연어 문장으로 작성된 문서들에는 대체적으로 시간에 관련된 정보가 포함되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 문서의 전체 내용과 문맥을 이해하기 위해서 이러한 정보를 정확하게 인식하는 것이 중요하다. 주어진 문서 내에서 시간 정보를 발견하기 위한 작업으로는 시간적인 표현(time expression) 자체를 인식하거나, 시간 표현과 연관성이 있는 사건(event)을 찾거나, 시간 표현 또는 사건 간에서 발생하는 시간적 연관 관계(temporal relationship)를 추출하는 것이 있다. 문서에 사용된 언어에 따라 고유한 언어적 특성이 다르기 때문에, 만약 시간 정보에 대한 관계성을 고려하지 않는다면 주어진 문장들로부터 모든 시간 정보를 추출해내는 것은 상당히 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는, 양방향 구조로 학습된 심층 신경망 기반 언어 모델을 활용하여 한국어 입력문장들로부터 시간 정보를 발견하는 작업 중 하나인 시간 관계정보를 추출하는 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 주어진 단일 문장을 개별 단어 토큰들로 분리하여 임베딩 벡터로 변환하며, 각 토큰들의 잠재적 정보를 고려하여 문장 내에 어떤 유형의 시간 관계정보가 존재하는지를 인식하도록 학습시킨다. 또한, 한국어 시간 정보 주석 말뭉치를 활용한 실험을 수행하여 제안 기법의 시간 관계정보 인식 정확도를 확인한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.209-213
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• 2023

최근 자연어 이해 분야에서 대규모 언어모델 기반으로 프롬프트를 활용하여 모델과 상호작용하는 방법이 널리 연구되고 있으며, 특히 상담 분야에서 언어모델을 활용한다면 내담자와의 자연스러운 대화를 주도할 수 있는 대화생성 모델로 확장이 가능하다. 내담자의 상황에 따라 개인화된 상담대화를 진행하는 모델을 학습시키려면 동일한 내담자에 대한 과거 및 차기 상담대화가 필요하지만, 기존의 데이터셋은 대체로 단일 대화세션으로 구축되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 언어모델을 활용하여 단일 대화세션으로 구축된 기존 상담대화 데이터셋을 확장하여 연속된 대화세션 구성의 학습데이터를 확보할 수 있는 프롬프트 기반 데이터 증강 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 기존 대화내용을 반영한 요약질문 생성단계와 대화맥락을 유지한 차기 상담대화 생성 단계로 구성되며, 프롬프트 엔지니어링을 통해 상담 분야의 데이터셋을 확장하고 사용자 평가를 통해 제안 기법의 데이터 증강이 품질에 미치는 영향을 확인한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.32-38
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• 1990

한글 프로그래밍 언어는 새로운 개념에 의해 설계되어야 하는데 그에 따른 많은 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 따라서 한글 프로그래밍 언어를 설계할 때 문제가 되는 한글의 구조적 특징, 동사가 문장의 마지막 뒤에 나오는 Postfix 적 특징, 한글의 특이한 데이타 구조 및 조사라는 첨가어가 붙으므로 인한 렉시칼 문제점등을 구조적으로 분석하고 여기에 맞는 한글 프로그래밍 언어를 개발하여야 한다. 그러나 이러한 모든 조건에 맞는 한글 프로그래밍 언어를 개발하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니며 상당한 시간을 요하는 일이므로 본 논문에서는 과학기술용에 가장 많이 사용되는 FORTRAN 언어를 택하여 일차적으로 그 명령어를 한글화하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.130-141
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• 2022

Voice and speech therapy can be performed in various ways depending on the situation, although it is generally performed in a face-to-face manner. Telepractice refers to the provision of specialized voice and speech therapy by speech-language pathologists for assessment, therapy, and counseling by applying telecommunication technology from a remote location. Recently, due to the pandemic situation and the active use of non-face-to-face platforms, interest in telepractice of voice and speech therapy has increased. Moreover, a growing body of literature has been advocating its clinical usefulness and non-inferiority to traditional face-to-face intervention. In this review, the existing discussions, guidelines, and preliminary studies on non-face-toface voice and speech therapy were summarized, and recommendations on the tools for telepractice were provided.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the learning objectives characteristics of educational programs of centers for the university affiliated science-gifted education using semantic network analysis, we examined the applicability of semantic network analysis in analyzing learning objectives by comparing the results of analysis with Bloom's revised taxonomy. For this purpose, 702 learning objectives presented in 169 science subjects were selected as subjects to be analyzed. After classifying and coding the learning objectives according to Bloom's revised taxonomy, we conducted a semantic network analysis to investigate the relationship between learning objectives. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, we looked at the number of learning objectives used for each subject, and about 3 elementary school levels and about 6 middle school levels were used. Second, the knowledge dimension such as 'factual and conceptual knowledge' and cognitive process dimension such as 'remember', 'understand', and 'create' was high regardless of the research method and school level. Third, the results of analysis based on the weighting through the semantic network analysis method, the elementary school level emphasize activities th be applied to the actual experimental process through learning about scientific facts, while the middle school level emphasize the understanding of scientific facts and concepts themselves. As a result, it can be seen that the semantic network analysis can analyze characteristics of various learning objectives rather than the conventional simple statistical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.762-776
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to determined the conceptual structure used by earth science teachers to classify metamorphic rocks as well as the criteria applied in the process of classifying metamorphic rocks. To this end, the researchers collected verbal data uttered in the process of classifying metamorphic rock using think-aloud from 21 earth science teachers in middle and high schools in Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. The collected verbal data were analyzed using the semantic network analysis method, and the following results were obtained. First, in the process of classifying metamorphic rocks, earth science teachers classified them based on characteristics such as color, compositional minerals, and particle size, which can be generally observed in rocks, and foliation that appears in metamorphic rocks. Second, earth science teachers recognize the classification criteria for metamorphic rocks and focus on metamorphism such as contact metamorphism or regional metamorphism. However, there were cases where rocks were mistakenly classified through incorrect identification. Therefore, it is necessary to provide sufficient observational information about, and experience of, metamorphic rocks to enable earth science teachers to recognize and relate to the scientific process of identifying metamorphic rocks through the phenomena observed.