• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

Reducing sugar content of persimmon fruits was increased by applying food-garbage compost Dungsi was brighter with yellow color than that of control. The Gabjubaekmok was darker than that of control with red color. It was suggested that taste of astringent was reduced because total phenol and soluble tannin contents were reduced by applying food-garbage compost. The vitamin C content of persimmon fruits during storage was higher than that of control. Stability of persimmon fruits by applying food-garbage compost and non-food garbage compost was about the same at room temperature. At low temperature, hardness of persimmon fruits was maintained for 20 days. Hardness and reducing sugar contents of persimmon fruits were increased by applying food-garbage compost. The result was shown that there was no effect on composition of persimmon fruits by applying food-garbage compost and maintaining hardness at room temperature, but at low temperature, the composition of persimmon fruits was changed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

For analysis of the relationship among blueberry cultivars, the growth period and morphological characteristics were investigated in 28 blueberry cultivars, and cluster analysis using the SAS program was conducted based on the morphological data. The harvest period was later and longer in rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue) than in highbush blueberry cultivars. The L/D ratio of flower was more than 2.0 in the Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue, and Brigitta cultivars, and this could be disadvantageous for pollination. The 28 blueberry cultivars were classified into two groups by the cluster analysis based on growth period and morphological characteristics. Group I included rabbiteye blueberries and Group II included highbush blueberries. However, the northern, southern, and half-highbush blueberry cultivars were not differentiated.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2010

Internet shopping mall business has taken its place as a major form of e-commerce and is evolving constantly. At the same time, disputes of various kinds are also arising in proportion to the evolution. A typical example is when a consumer purchased a product from an internet shopping mall and the seller wants to cancel or withdraw the sales contract saying that he miswrote the price or other important information when posting the product on the internet. It's about the error on the seller's part. Civil Law Chapter 109, legal principles on errors, appears to assume the case of natural declaration of intention. It was observed that legal principles on errors defined by the Civil Law are also applied in internet shopping malls, where declaration of intention is made electronically. In transactions involving internet shopping malls, where the seller's indication and advertisement constitutes an inducement to offer, the seller may cancel a contract concluded by the consumer's offer and the seller's acceptance if the seller finds errors on his part, and adequacy of the cancellation should be judged depending on specific cases. That is, the judgment of the important ground that comprises prerequisites for cancellation and presence of negligence may depend on how much difference there is between the normal price and the posted price on a specific case. Also, considering the cases where negligence was not perceived on the seller's miswriting of the price, the seller may cancel the transaction in a similar situation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate at the micrometeorology change of the orchard according to the net installation. Two weather stations were installed at the inside of the anti-insect nets(2 mm, 4 mm), one was installed at the outside(control). They were observed the temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation from April to September 2018. Daily mean temperature at the experimental group was higher than control group by $0.2^{\circ}C$. Daily mean humidity at the experimental group was higher than control group by 3.5 to 4.7%. Daily mean the solar radiation at the experimental group(2 mm) was lower than control group by 50%. The wind speed was decreased from 12% to 50% of the external wind speed at 4 mm, and from 25% to 59% at 2 mm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Strawberry is a stand-out cultivating fruit in Korea. The optimum production of strawberry is highly dependent on growing environment. Smart farm technology, and automatic monitoring and control system maintain a favorable environment for strawberry growth in greenhouses, as well as play an important role to improve production. Moreover, physiological parameters of strawberry plant and it is surrounding environment may allow to give an idea on production of strawberry. Therefore, this study intends to build a machine learning model to predict strawberry's yield, cultivated in greenhouse. The environmental parameter like as temperature, humidity and CO₂ and physiological parameters such as length of leaves, number of flowers and fruits and chlorophyll content of 'Seolhyang' (widely growing strawberry cultivar in Korea) were collected from three strawberry greenhouses located in Sacheon of Gyeongsangnam-do during the period of 2019-2020. A predictive model, Lasso regression was designed and validated through 5-fold cross-validation. The current study found that performance of the Lasso regression model is good to predict the number of flowers and fruits, when the MAPE value are 0.511 and 0.488, respectively during the model validation. Overall, the present study demonstrates that using AI based regression model may be convenient for farms and agricultural companies to predict yield of crops with fewer input attributes.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.163-201
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• 2019

Doctor has the duty of an inter-hospital transfer, known as inter-facility or secondary transfer, when the diagnostic and therapeutic facilities required for a patient are not available at the given hospital. Also, the decision to transfer the patient to an another facility is rely on whether ill patient is the benefits of care, including clinical and non-clinical reasons, available at the another facility against the potential risks. Crucial point to note is that issues about 'inter-hospital transfer' is limited to questions occurred in the course of transfer between emergency medicals (facilities). 'emergency medical (facility)' is specified by Medical Law, article 3 and the duty of an inter-hospital transfer includes any possible adverse events, medical or technical, during the transfer. Because each medical facility has an different ability to care for a patient in an emergency condition, coordination between the referring and receiving hospitals' emergency medicals would be important to ensure prompt transfer to the definitive destination avoiding delay at an emergency. Simultaneously, transfer of documents about the transfer process, medical record and investigation reports are important materials for maintaining continuity of medical care. Although the duty of an inter-hospital transfer is recognized as one of duty of doctor and more often than not it occurs, there is constant legal conflict between a doctor and a patient related to the duty of the inter-hospital transfer. Therefore, we need clear and specific legal standard about the inter-hospital transfer. This paper attempts to review the Supreme Court's cases associated to the inter-hospital transfer and to compare opinion of the cases with guideline for an inter-hospital transfer already given. Furthermore, this article is intended to broaden our horizons of understanding the duty of an inter-hospital transfer and I wish this article helps to resolve the settlement and case dealt with the duty of inter-hospital transfer.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

Air transport today is a means of transport that is optimized for exchanges between nations. Around the world, has experienced an increase in operating and the number of airline route expansion that has entered into the international aviation agreements in order to take advantage of the air transport efficient, but the possibility of the occurrence of air transport accidents increased. When compared to the accident of other means of transport, development of air transport accidents, not high, but it leads to catastrophe aviation accident occurs. Air Transport accident many international transportation accident than domestic transportation accident, in the event of an accident, the analysis of the legal responsibility of the shipper or the like is necessary or passenger air carrier. Judgment of the legal order of discipline of air transport accident is a classification of the type of air transport agreement. Depending on the object, air transport agreements are classified into the contract of carriage of aviation of the air passenger transportation contract. For casualties occurs, air passenger transportation accident is a need more discussion of legal discipline for this particular. Korean Commercial Code, it is possible to reflect in accordance with the actual situation of South Korea the contents of the treaty, which is utilized worldwide in international air transport, even on the system, to control land, sea, air transport and welcoming to international standards. However, Korean Commercial Code, the problem of the Montreal Convention has occurred as it is primarily reflecting the Montreal Convention. As a cause of liability for damages, under the Commercial Code of Korea and the contents of the treaty precedent is reflected, the concept of accident is necessary definition of the exact concept for damages of passengers in particular. Cause of personal injury or death of passengers, in the event of an accident to the "working for the elevation" or "aircraft" on, the Montreal Convention is the mother method of Korea Commercial Code, liability for damages of air carrier defines. The Montreal Convention such, continue to be a matter of debate so far in connection with the scope of "working for the lifting of" the concepts defined in the same way from Warsaw Convention "accident". In addition, it is discussed and put to see if you can be included mental damage passenger suffered in air transport in the "personal injury" in the damage of the passenger is in the range of damages. If the operation of aircraft, injury accident, in certain circumstances, compensation for mental damage is possible, in the same way as serious injury, mental damage caused by aviation accidents not be able to live a normal life for the victim it is damage to make. So it is necessary to interpret and what is included in the injury to the body in Korea Commercial Code and related conventions, non-economic damage of passengers, clearly demonstrated from the point of view of prevention of abuse of litigation and reasonable protection of air carrier it must compensate only psychological damage that can be. Since the compensation of delay damages, Warsaw Convention, the Montreal Convention, Korea Commercial Code, there are provisions of the liability of the air carrier due to the delayed arrival of passenger and baggage, but you do not have a reference to delayed arrival, the concept of delay arrangement is necessary. The strict interpretation of the concept of delayed arrival, because it may interfere with safe operation of the air carrier, within the time agreed to the airport of arrival that is described in the aviation contract of carriage of passenger baggage, or, these agreements I think the absence is to be defined as when it is possible to consider this situation, requests the carrier in good faith is not Indian or arrive within a reasonable time is correct. The loss of passenger, according to the international passenger Conditions of Carriage of Korean Air, in addition to the cases prescribed by law and other treaties, loss of airline contracts, resulting in passengers from a service that Korean Air and air transport in question do damage was is, that the fact that Korean Air does not bear the responsibility as a general rule, that was caused by the negligence or intentional negligence of Korean Air is proof, negligence of passengers of the damage has not been interposed bear responsibility only when it is found. It is a clause in the case of damage that is not mandated by law or treaty, and responsible only if the negligence of the airline side has been demonstrated, but of the term negligence "for" intentional or negligent "Korean Air's Terms" I considered judgment of compatibility is required, and that gross negligence is appropriate. The "Korean Air international passenger Conditions of Carriage", airlines about the damage such as electronic equipment that is included in the checked baggage of passengers does not bear the responsibility, but the loss of baggage, international to arrive or depart the U.S. it is not the case of transportation. Therefore, it is intended to discriminate unfairly passengers of international flights arriving or departure to another country passengers of international flights arriving or departure, the United States, airlines will bear the responsibility for the goods in the same way as the contents of the treaty it should be revised in the direction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

The paprika has emerged as one of the highest-income crops by increase in dimestic and export demand in the greenhouse crops. Nevertheless, there is no standard for fertigation in soil, because general culture system is soilless culture. This study was conducted to establish the optimum nitrogen and potassium application level for paprika fertigation. Four different levels of nitrogen and potassium were applied, treatment levels were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Experiment to instigate the optimum amounts of nitrogen and potassium were carried out in 2012 and 2013, respectively13. Nitrogen application : stem diameter of 0.5 times was significantly lower than other treatments, but stem length was not affected by nitrogen fiertigation levels. Number of fruit and yield of first fruiting group harvest were not significant difference. but those of the second fruiting group were decreased by increasing nitrogen level beyond 1.0 times treatment and were the lowest in 0.5 times treatment. Overall, the optimum level of nitrogen for fertigation was judged 1.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Potassium application : Growth was no signigicant trend except stem length. Number of locule, fresh thickness and sugar content were not significant difference. Number of fruit and yield were not significant difference at the first and second fruiting group harvest. But those were significant difference at third fruiting group harvest, maximum yield was obtained by 1.5 times fertigation level. The optimum level of potassium for fertigation was judged 1.5 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2007

Predicting plant responses to changing atmospheric $CO_2$ and to the possibility of global warming are important concerns. The $CO_2$ concentration of the global atmosphere has increased during the last decades. This increase is expected to result in changes of global temperatures and this will also affect the growth and development of bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and other crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of atmospheric $CO_2$ enrichment and high temperature on the growth and development of bell pepper under three temperature regimes. There was no statistical difference in the days required from seeding to flowering between $CO_2$ treatments, whereas among three temperature regimes, high temperature plots of $35/25^{\circ}C$ showed the shortest days (52.5 days) required from seeding to flowering. The plant height of bell peppers 15 weeks after emergence showed no statistical significance, while plots of $30/20^{\circ}C$ showed the highest plant height among the three temperature regimes. Time-course response of plant height to $CO_2$, enrichment was restrained in high $CO_2$, concentration (800ppm), at the same time higher temperature promoted plant height. Average leaf area per plant of 400ppm was $6,008.8cm^2$ and it was $5,225.1cm^2$ in the plots of 800ppm, showing 15% more leaf area compared to 400ppm $CO_2$ concentration. Leaf dry weight between $CO_2$ concentration and among temperature regimes showed a statistical significance. The average leaf dry weight in the plot of 800ppm showed the highest (44.1g), which was 18.5% higher compared to that of 400ppm (37.2g) and among temperature regimes, it was the highest (49.8g) in the plot of $35/25^{\circ}C$. Above-ground dry weight showed statistical significance between $CO_2$ concentration and among temperature regimes. The average above-ground dry weight of 800ppm $CO_2$ concentration was 141.4g, 17.9% higher compared to 400ppm $CO_2$ concentration (119.9g). Among three temperature regimes, plots of $30/20^{\circ}C$ showed the highest average above-ground dry weight (168.9g), while plots of $35/25^{\circ}C$ were the lowest (102.3g). In the average bell pepper dry weight, 800ppm of $CO_2$ concentration showed higher bell pepper dry weight (59.5g) than that (44.3g) of 400ppm of $CO_2$ concentration. It was judged that high $CO_2$ concentration was profitable fur bell pepper yield and there was a tendency that when there was high $CO_2$, concentration (800ppm), low temperature ($25/15^{\circ}C$) was profitable for bell pepper dry weight, whereas it was the reverse ($30/20^{\circ}C$), in the case of ambient $CO_2$, concentration (400ppm). In the specific leaf area according to $CO_2$, concentration, 800ppm showed 117.4, which was 35.5% higher compared to that (159.1) of 400ppm, showing that leaf becomes thicker as $CO_2$ concentration increases. Regarding correlation coefficients among crop characteristics, leaf area was negatively correlated with the number of bell peppers per plant and bell pepper dry weight, showing that the higher the leaf area, the lower the bell pepper yield. Bell pepper dry weight per plant showed positively significant correlation with the number of bell peppers per plant and total above dry weight, which showed that the higher the number of bell peppers and the total above dry weight, the higher the bell pepper yield.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the effect of typhoons on pear production. Pears are typical fruits that are vulnerable to typhoon damages, so typhoons are negatively associated with pear productivity. However, relatively less pear damages by typhoons in the main pear production area, comparing to the average in Korea, have been reported. The main production area seems to adopt better agricultural techniques or practices to cope with natural disasters such as typhoons. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that there are differences of production losses due to typhoons between the main pear production area and the rest using the stochastic frontier analysis. The main production area is defined by Location Quotient Index (LQI), and we found that LQI had a significant effect to decrease the productivity losses in the main production areas, which shows that those production areas alleviated the pear production loss due to typhoons.