• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. We have developed transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a cassava SOD in fruits. Three transgenic tomato plants (one from cv. Pink forcer and two from cv. Koko) using a new vector system, ASOp :: . mSOD1/pBI101, harboring ascorbate oxidase promoter (ASOp) expressing dominantly in cucumber fruits, CuZnSOD cDNA (mSOD1) isolated from cultured cells of cassava, and nptll gene as a selectable marker were successfully developed. SOD specific activity (units/mg protein) in transgenic fruits of both cultivars was increased with maturation of the fruits. SOD specific activity of well-mature fruits in transgenic Pink forcer and Koko showed approximately 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than control fruits, respectively. The strength of SOD isoenzyme bands well reflected the SOD activity during the fruit maturation. These results suggested that SOD gene was properly introduced into tomato fruits in a fruit-dominant expression manner by ASO promoter.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-152
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• 2020

During the main ruling in 2019, a number of rulings that were of interest or meaningful were handed down, such as just because the complication of medical practice has occurred, there is no presumption of negligence, a case involving a fall accident in which a lot of culpability has recently been made. the death of a well-known singer that caused a sensation, a case about damages caused by MERS in 2015, which is more meaningful in connection with damages caused by COVID-19, an infectious disease that has recently hit the world, including Korea. In preaching the principles of the law, just because there has been a complication caused by medical practice, there is no presumption of negligence, 'The scope of the complication without presumption of negligence' was determined differently by the court, the court was not able to specify the criteria. Specific circumstances were presented to limit the responsibility of the medical institution while acknowledging the malpractice of the medical institution in relation to the fall accident. In relation to the scope of damages, judgment was made on issues related to the calculation of lost profits of medical malpractice; criteria for determining celebrities' daily income, criteria for determining daily income in case of receiving survivor's pension due to medical accident, an incident in which the daily income is denied if the labor capacity is already lost at the time of a medical accident. But, it seems that judgments should be made based on clearer and more reasonable standards. Related to Medical Advertise, specific logic of judgment was presented as to whether it was interpreted as being in accordance with the specific prohibition listed in Article 27 paragraph 3 of the Medical Law, which is the criterion for violation of the Medical Law, or if it constitutes a significant harm to the order of the medical market. In response to the prohibition of operating the multiple medical institutions, the Constitutional Court decided that it was constitutional because it did not violate the regulations on excessive funding, and rationally limited the scope of the prohibited 'redundant operation'. The Supreme Court ruled for the first time that even a medical institution established and operated in violation of the Medical Service Act did not make it impossible to receive all medical care benefits implemented by a medical institution under the National Health Insurance Act. Significant rulings were finalized that recognized the existence of specific protection obligations for the people of the country in the management of infectious diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

Recently, many maritime accidents have been increased and the collisions due to human error are given a great deal of proportions out if them We develop the Real-time Collision Risk Monitoring System (CRMS) for the navigational officers to cope with the emergency situation promptly and thus to reduce the probability if casualty. In this study, the risk of collision is evaluated by two kinds if method. The first method is based on Fuzzy algorithm, which evaluates the risk of collision between traffic ships. The second method is based on Environmental Stress (ES) Model, where the total risk if collision is evaluated by the environmental stress felt by human. The developed real-time CRMS has been installed to the ship handling simulator system and its capabilities have been tested through simulator experiments.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 2000

'Yumyeong' peach has desirable characteristics of long shelf-life and specific non-melting nature with long harvesting period. However, some fruits harvested too late tend to show fruit pithiness symptom or internal breakdown. The study was conducted to investigate the differences between fruit flesh pithiness and internal breakdown symptoms, and to find out inducing factors of flesh pithiness in 'Yumyeong' peach. The incidence of flesh pithiness was higher in the fruits harvested late. Sugar and malic acid contents were not different between normal fruits and flesh pithiness fruits, but the acidity was significantly lower affected by low citric acid content in flesh pithiness fruit. In flesh pithiness fruits, calcium contents were low in both skin and flesh. Occurrence of flesh pithiness fruits was high in the years with low precipitation and high temperature for 2 months before harvest. In observations on morphological characteristics, the parts showing flesh pithiness consisted of smaller cells than the normal parts. Tonoplasts were disintegrated and the number of dead cells was high in internal breakdown fruits, while the tonoplasts were intact with contracted vacuoles in flesh pithiness fruits. Tylosises were observed in vascular tissues around the flesh pithiness, therefore, it was assumed that those tylosises restricts flesh tissue development resulting in flesh pithiness. Other varieties such as 'Fantasia' and 'Wolmi' also showed tylosis and smaller cells were observed in the flesh tissue of these cultivars, indicating abnormal growth of the flesh part. These results suggested the possibility of the occurrence of pithiness like symptoms in other peach varieties.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

Relationships among climate changes, early frost, and fruit growth were studied during the final month to harvest of late-maturing 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to assess the changes in fruit characteristics during this critical period. The heavy frost on Nov. 16 defoliated more than 70% of the leaves, but with little damage on the fruits. However, all the leaves were defoliated by the heavy frost on Nov. 20, and all the fruits were cold-damaged by $-3.3^{\circ}C$ on Nov. 21. Fruit weight increased by 8-25 g per week from Oct. 25 (142 days after full bloom) to Nov. 15, reaching to 250 g, but it decreased by 3-4 g per week after the frost. Hunter a value of fruit skin gradually increased until the last harvest on Nov. 29 with a temporary halt in early Nov. when temperature was high, whereas fruit firmness rapidly decreased after the frost on Nov. 21. Fruit soluble solids were $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$ for the final month. When some branches were covered with non-woven fabrics to avoid direct contact with frost, the fruits on the branches were not visually damaged by the low temperature although 40-60% of their leaves were defoliated on Nov. 16. However, low temperature on Nov. 20 and 21 defoliated all the leaves, causing cold damage on the fruits. There was a highly significant correlation between the fruit diameter and its weight ($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91). So, the regression equations could be used to estimate weight from diameter of the fruits sampled from the branches with the non-woven fabrics. The calculated fruit weight reached to a maximum of 240 g on Nov. 15. Daily increases in fruit weight were 1.1-2.5 g from Oct. 25 to 31, 1.9-3.5 g from Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, and 1.4-1.6 g from Nov. 7 to 12. However, fruit weight decreased by 0.3-1 g per day after the cold damage on Nov. 21. The results indicate that the most appropriate harvest time could be dependent on relationship of fruit growth to climate.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.21-29
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• 1983

금년의 과수농사는 개화기에 다소 많은 비가 내렸고 강풍이 불어 다소 어려울 듯 하였으나 그후 생육기에는 안정되어 예년에 비하여 10$\%$정도 증수될 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이와같은 결과는 기상의 안정에 힘입은 바 크지만 농민들의 피와 땀의 결정이고 병충해 방제 및 모든 어려운 일을 슬기롭게 이겨낸 덕분이라 믿는다. 특히 금년 여름은 무던히도 더웠던 탓으로 후기에 굴나방, 점박이응애, 진딧물등 해충의 발생이 지역에 따라 심하였으며 과실의 숙기가 빨라진 탓으로 탄저병과 부패병(겹무늬병)이 약 20일 정도 일찍 발생되어 약제 방제를 소홀히 한 지역에서는 크게 문제가 되었다. 따라서 금년도의 기상과 병충해 발생 정도를 분석 진단하여 내년도 농사에 보탬이 되었으면 하고 과수별 주요 병해충을 진단해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-108
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• 1982

소득분포에 관한 연구는 경제이론의 측면에서나 사회정의의 차원에서 많은 연구자들의 관심의 초점이 되어 왔다. 특히 경제 성장과 개발의 과정에서 그 과실의 분배효과가 장기적으로 공동체로서의 사회적 개발의식에 미치는 영향이 크다는 사실에 비추어 이 문제는 단순히 기능적인 측면에서의 고찰보다는 체제와 이념적인 차원으로서의 문제로 발전되고, 또한 이 차원에서 구명되는 주요과제로 남게 되었다. 이 논문은 RGKO 방정식을 소개하는 절은 서론뒤에 후속시켰고, 이에 따라 가설의 공리성을 그다음 절에서 밝히고 있으며, 그 뒤로는 구체적인 추정절차를 논술하고, 끝으로 결론과 부록을 첨부하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.269-282
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• 2020

This paper presents the scientific basis for the significance and physiological activity of gongyang as tributes, focusing on the four summer fruits, i.e., grapes, watermelons, oriental melons, and dragon fruits, which were used as one of the yukbeopgongyang in Yeongsanjae's thorough literature review (yeongsanjae and 2010.3~2020.2 published fruit research). As a result of the study, the fruit is not obtained from fruit trees, but from enlightenment. Chemically, the fruit had a high content of antioxidants, such as polyphenol and flavonoid. The fruit had excellent DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The skin of the fruits, the non-edible part, had higher physiological activity than the flesh, the edible part. Therefore, further studies on the physiological activity in each part of dragon fruit and regarding how to ingest and utilize the peel of the four fruits need to be conducted.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.712-721
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• 2015

To improve the breeding efficiency of oriental pear, heritability, correlation and frequency distribution of fruit ripening date were analyzed using 4,035 seedlings obtained from 15 families between 13 parental cultivars. Although variation of fruit ripening time was higher in most early-ripening parental cultivars than in late-ripening parental cultivars, according to analysis of average, standard deviation, and coefficient of ripening variation for ten years, fruit ripening time obtained from all parental cultivars was inherited narrower and more stable variation than others fruit trait, with 0.92-3.41 in coefficient of variation. The heritability of fruit ripening time was calculated to be over 0.8 in almost all crosses and average fruit ripening time of seedlings from cross combinations could be predicted based on that of the parental cultivars due to its superior heritability relative to other fruit traits. The average ripening time was earlier than the mid-parental value in families obtained from cross combinations using at least one late-ripening cultivar as parent, indicating that the early-ripening trait was more likely to be dominant compared to the late-ripening trait. By contrast, average ripening time was clustered in families of crosses not only between mid-season and early-season cultivars, but also between mid-season and mid-season cultivars. There was highly significant relationship (at 0.68) between mid-parental and progeny mean fruit ripening time. The correlation between fruit ripening time and fruit weight was also highly positive and thus, the mid-parental fruit ripening time could be a potent criterion for indirect selection of fruit weight.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2002

Pesticide residues in some fruits collected at Noeun wholesale market, Daejeon were surveyed and assessed its risk. In 120 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 70.8% and the rate exceed MRL was 1.67%. Highly detection rate of commodities was apple, peach and grape. Organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticide were found with similar rate relatively, but most of fungicides were procymidone(dicarboximides) and chlorothalonil(organochlorine). The order of detected pesticide were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, procymidone, deltamethrin and EPN. In order to assess risk estimated intake amount of each pesticide was compared to ADI. Although some peach were exceed MRL the total amount and uptake pesticides was less than 1.22% comparing to ADI.