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Climate-related Changes in Fruit Growth of 'Fuyu' Persimmon during the Harvest Season

수확기 동안의 기상 변화에 따른 '부유' 감의 과실 생장

  • Choi, Seong-Tae (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Doo-Sang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Son, Ji-Young (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Yeo-Ok (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Hong, Kwang-Pyo (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Cho, Kwang-Sik (Pear Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
  • 최성태 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 박두상 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 손지영 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 박여옥 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 홍광표 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 조광식 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장)
  • Received : 2012.03.25
  • Accepted : 2012.11.15
  • Published : 2013.02.28

Abstract

Relationships among climate changes, early frost, and fruit growth were studied during the final month to harvest of late-maturing 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to assess the changes in fruit characteristics during this critical period. The heavy frost on Nov. 16 defoliated more than 70% of the leaves, but with little damage on the fruits. However, all the leaves were defoliated by the heavy frost on Nov. 20, and all the fruits were cold-damaged by $-3.3^{\circ}C$ on Nov. 21. Fruit weight increased by 8-25 g per week from Oct. 25 (142 days after full bloom) to Nov. 15, reaching to 250 g, but it decreased by 3-4 g per week after the frost. Hunter a value of fruit skin gradually increased until the last harvest on Nov. 29 with a temporary halt in early Nov. when temperature was high, whereas fruit firmness rapidly decreased after the frost on Nov. 21. Fruit soluble solids were $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$ for the final month. When some branches were covered with non-woven fabrics to avoid direct contact with frost, the fruits on the branches were not visually damaged by the low temperature although 40-60% of their leaves were defoliated on Nov. 16. However, low temperature on Nov. 20 and 21 defoliated all the leaves, causing cold damage on the fruits. There was a highly significant correlation between the fruit diameter and its weight ($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91). So, the regression equations could be used to estimate weight from diameter of the fruits sampled from the branches with the non-woven fabrics. The calculated fruit weight reached to a maximum of 240 g on Nov. 15. Daily increases in fruit weight were 1.1-2.5 g from Oct. 25 to 31, 1.9-3.5 g from Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, and 1.4-1.6 g from Nov. 7 to 12. However, fruit weight decreased by 0.3-1 g per day after the cold damage on Nov. 21. The results indicate that the most appropriate harvest time could be dependent on relationship of fruit growth to climate.

만생종 감 '부유'의 수확시기에 따른 과실 특성을 평가하고자 수확기 마지막 한달 동안의 기상, 저온피해, 과실 생장간의 관계를 조사하였다. 11월 16일 서리피해로 총 잎의 70% 이상이 낙엽이 되었고, 일부 과실에만 경미한 동해가 나타났다. 그러나 11월 20일 저온으로 전부 낙엽이 되었고, 11월 21일 서리와 함께 기온이 $-3.3^{\circ}C$로 낮아지면서 모든 과실에서 동해 증상이 나타났다. 10월 25일(만개 후 142일)부터 11월 15일까지 과중은 일주일에 8-25g이 증가하여 250g에 이르렀지만 서리피해 후부터는 오히려 3-4g씩 감소하였다. 과피색 Hunter a 값은 기온이 높았던 11월 상순에 정체되었지만 11월 29일 마지막 수확까지 점진적으로 높아졌고, 경도는 11월 21일 저온피해 후부터 급속하게 낮아졌다. 당도는 마지막 한달 동안 $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$였다. 서리와 직접적인 접촉을 피하기 위해 부직포로 피복한 가지에서는 11월 16일 저온으로 잎의 40-60% 정도가 낙엽이 되었으나 과실에 가시적인 동해 증상은 없었다. 그러나 11월 20일과 21일의 저온으로 잎은 모두 낙엽이 되고 과실에 동해 증상이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 시기별 과실 횡경과 과중 간에는 높은 유의적 상관($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91) 관계가 있었으므로, 회귀식을 사용하여 부직포로 피복한 가지의 과실 횡경으로부터 과중을 추정할 수 있었다. 산출한 과중은 11월 15일에 240g으로 최대였고, 일일 과중 증가량은 10월 25-31일 사이에는 1.1-2.5g, 10월 31-11월 7일 사이에는 1.9-3.5g, 11월 7-11월 12일 사이에는 1.4g-1.6g 이하였다. 그러나 저온피해가 나타났던 11월 21일 이후에는 오히려 과중이 0.3-1g씩 감소하였다. 본 연구결과는 수확 적기가 과실 생장과 기후 요인간의 관계에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 나타내었다.

Keywords

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