• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.153-175
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out the current status of smart phone usage, differences of developmental characteristics and time diaries between high- and low- usage groups. The study also tried predicting variables among children's personal and family environment factors in order to classify four year old children in the fifth year Panel Study on Korean Children into the two groups. Data was collected from 435 smart phone users and 157 of them who had started to use a phone before age 3.Frequency analysis, t-test and logistic regression were performed. The results showed that most 4 year old children started to use a phone in their fourth year and used it frequently. The low level groups of girls and all participants showed lower levels of behavior problems, and the low level group of all participants had a longer sleep times than the high level group had. Children's activity and social temperament were identified as predicting variables for classifying children into the two groups. The results suggested the necessity of measures preventing children from excessive smart phone usage in their early years and to consider children's temperament first.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

Objectives : Shift work disorder occurs when you have difficulties adjusting to a work schedule that takes place during a time which most people sleep. Some people may have diverse psychosomatic symptoms, such as sleep problems, depression, anxiety, and headaches even after the shift work schedule ends. The aims of this study are to compare difference of psychosomatic symptoms between rotating shift and daytime working nurse groups. Methods : Volunteer nurses working in a general hospital were recruited in a general hospital. We collected sociodemographic data. We used questionnaires for headache type, headache frequency, and VAS(Visual Analog Scale) for headache intensity, BDI(Beck depression Inventory) and GSAQ(Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire). We used Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test for hypothesis testing. Results : Data collected from 84 women nurses. Rotating shift(N=37) working nurses showed younger, more unmarried, and shorter work periods than daytime working nurses (N=47). Also rotating shift group showed more problems of headache, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression and anxiety than daytime group. The above results were statistically significant. Conclusions : The rotating shift work women nurses produced more headache, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety than daytime working ones.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.529-536
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• 2020

This study aims to provide the basic data for coffee intake and health promotion by examining the conditions in which Korean adults consume the most coffee. The study used raw data from the second year of the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017), and 3,325 subjects who were 19 years of age or older and who were not missing the required values. This number used as the average amount of coffee drank per day in the past year is at least one cup. In order to identify factors that affect coffee intake, the model included general characteristics such as gender, age, household income, education level, occupation, health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, high intensity and moderate intensity exercises, walking, physical activity during work and leisure, sleep time, stress and depression. The results showed that coffee intake was lower among women than men, coffee intake was higher for people 40-64 years than people 20-39 years old, physical occupations rather than non-physical occupations, smokers rather than non-smokers, and for high stress rather than low stress in life. Subjects with these factors are considered to be at risk of excessive caffeine intake from coffee. The risk group of this study should be studied for the effect of excessive consumption of coffee on personal health.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2020

Objective : This study used the data of the National Statistical Office to analyze the time use of disabled youth and their self-satisfaction with it by their type of occupation. Methods : Using raw data extracted from Statistics Korea, 84 disabled youth from 10 to 24 years old were re-classified into six occupational areas based on Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)-3. The occupational types were classified according to the time use by individuals based on data from Statistics Korea. Finally, according to the type of occupation, self-satisfaction with the use of time was identified. Results : The total amount of time spent by disabled youths was the largest in the rest and sleep categories, followed by daily living, education, leisure, social participation, and play. The analysis of occupational types showed that the groups were turned around (10.71% of participants), high activity group (50.00%), low activity (28.57%), and balanced (10.71%). There were significant differences between types in the first five of the aforementioned categories. There was no significant difference in the lack of time use, but there was a significant difference among their satisfaction with their use of time. The balanced type (21.53%) reported the most satisfaction. inadequacy Conclusion : The purpose of the project was to provide the raw data of intervention activities that can improve the quality of life and health of disabled youth. By analyzing their time use and occupations, deficiencies in time management and their satisfaction with their use of time can be noted.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

Purpose: The Pathogenesis of primary noctllrnal enuresis(PNE) is still controversial. Genetic factor and maturational delay of micturition reflex including arousal disorder, lack of nocturnal Arginine Vasopressin(AVP) release and functional bladder capacity have been suggested. We analyzed the risk factors of PNE. Methods: Fifty five children with PNE (20 enuretics diagnosed at school physical examination of the first grade students at Mok-Dong Elementary School and 35 enuretics (Age 6-7 year) diagnosed at Ewha Womans University Mok Dong Hospital) and 221 control students without PNE at school physical examination were included. Genetic, stress and developmental factors, arousability, water intake, urine volume, maximun voiding volume and daytime voiding dysfunction were compared. Results: 1) There was no significant difference between PNE and control group in sex ratio, birth order, percentage of working mothers, parental and child personality, age to start walking, school record and duration of sleep. 2) Family history in the PNE group was significantly higher than control group ($20.0\%\;vs\;2.7\%$)(P<0.05). 3) The difficulty in arousal in the PNE group was significantly more common than the control group ($70.9\%\;vs\;54.3\%$)(P<0.05). 4) Nocturnal water intake in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ($330{\pm}158.2\;mL\;vs\;235{\pm}129.5\;mL$). Nocturnal urine volume in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ( $390{\pm}61.5\;mL\;vs\;140{\pm}43.2\;mL$)(P<0.05). Daily water intake and daily urine volume did not significantly differ between the two groups. 5) Maximum urine volume per void in the PNE group was significantly lower than the control group ($107{\pm}35.9\;mL\;vs\;236{\pm}41.3\;mL$). Daytime voiding dysfunction in the PNE group was significantly more common than the control group ($80.0\%\;vs\;57.9\%$). The voiding frequency in the PNE group was significantly greater than the control group ($7.0{\pm}3.6\;vs\;5.4{\pm}1.6$)(P<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to genetic factors and maturational delay of micturition reflex (difficulty in arousal, nocturnal polyuria and decreased functional bladder capacity) nocturnal polydypsia was found to be the important risk factors fur PNE. So nocturnal fluid restriction should be encouraged as the first-line management of PNE.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

Introduction: We report a rare case in which the symptoms of hypersomnia were caused by cerebral infarction that occurred in the hypothalamus and hypothalamus. Case Presentation: The patient underwent Korean medicine treatments using Gami-seonghyangjeonggi-san, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and physical therapy for 37 days. We evaluated the degree of improvement in hypersomnolence based on the amount of sleeping time and the degree of memory impairment with the patient's suggestive conditions as observed by the patient's guardian, and one-sided facial palsy using the Yanagihara Scale. As treatment was applied, sleeping time was decreased from 22 to 9 hours a day. Memory impairment did not show clear improvements as the patient could not recognize others when they visited during the period in which the patient underwent treatment. One-sided facial palsy showed no improvements and there were no changes in the Yanagihara Scale results. Conclusion: This case showed that Korean medicine treatment could be effective to relieve some of the symptoms of thalamus and hypothalamus infarction. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2023

물순환 과정에서의 증발산은 장기적인 관점에서의 수자원 계획 수립 시 중요한 요소이다. 증발산은 기온, 상대습도, 일사량 등 기상학적 인자뿐만 아니라 증발표면, 식생분포 등 다양한 인자의 복합작용에 의해 일어나므로, 유역 단위에서 발생한 실제증발산(Actual evapotranspiration, AET)을 측정하기에는 기술적인 한계가 존재한다. 그러나 증발산 보완관계(Complementary relationship of evapotranspiration, CRE) 가설을 활용하면, 수문요소의 상호작용을 고려한 모델링을 거치지 않고도, 비교적 간단하게 AET를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 증발산 관측자료를 기반으로 유역 단위에서의 CRE를 검증하고자 하며, 플럭스 타워 등 다양한 관측장비가 설치되어 있는 용담댐 시험유역을 대상유역으로 선정하였다. 용담댐 유역 내 산지에 위치한 덕유산 플럭스 타워에서 측정된 증발산을 AET로 보았으며, 유역 인근에 위치한 전주 기상관측소에서 측정되는 팬 증발량(E_pan)을 잠재증발산량(Potential evapotranspiration, PET)으로 보았다. E_pan 계측시, 증발팬의 가열 등 주변환경 변화로 인해 과다하게 추정되는 값을 보완하기 위해 FAO Penman-Monteith 식을 활용해 팬 증발량 보정계수(Coefficient of pan evaporation, k_p)를 산정하여 적용하였다. 습윤증발산량(Wet evapotranspiration, WET)은 대기가 완전히 포화되었을 때 발생하는 증발산량으로, 댐 수표면에서 계측되는 수면증발량을 WET로 보았다. CRE 검증을 위해 AET와 PET를 각각 WET로 나누어 AET+와 PET+로 무차원화하였으며, 습윤지수(Moisture Index, MI)는 AET를 PET로 나누어 산정하였다. CRE 가설은 MI에 따른 AET+와 PET+가 서로 보완관계를 갖는다는 것인데, 용담댐 유역의 관측자료를 활용하여 CRE를 검증한 결과 AET+와 PET+ 간의 비대칭계수(b)가 1.23인 것으로 나타났다. 이 때의 평균제곱오차(MSE)는 0.599, 결정계수(R₂)는 0.631로 나타나 CRE의 b가 적합하게 추정된 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과와 같이 검증된 CRE를 통해 증발산 관측지점이 없거나, 조밀하지 않은 유역의 AET를 간접추정할 수 있으며, 이를 활용해 보다 정확한 댐의 장기유출 모의와 용수공급계획 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.46-54
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• 2022

This is a study using data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to identify the factors that affect the handgrip strength and health status in the elderly. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on 1,470 subjects. As a result of this study, the decrease in grip strength was significantly lower for males, 70-74 or 65-69 years of age, and those who thought their subjective health status was normal or good. The decrease in grip strength was significantly higher when the education level was less than elementary school or middle school, and when the sleeping time was more than 8 hours. Considering the variables affecting hand grip strength, it can be used as basic data when establishing health policies for the elderly or health promotion policies to improve grip strength as a primary prevention activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.462-462
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• 2021

최근 도시화 및 불투수면의 증가와 지하수의 과다한 사용으로 직접유출이 증가하고, 침투량이 감소하며, 하천의 건천화가 발생하고 있다. 이에 환경부에서는 이러한 물순환의 왜곡을 막기위해 물환경보전법상의 물순환율을 정의하고 물순환 관리목표를 설정하였다. 하지만 지역 별 물순환 특성을 반영한 관리계획이 부족하고, 현재 제한된 재원의 효율적 활용을 위해서는 물순환 관리지역에 대한 우선순위 결정도 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 PSR framework를 통해 유역 물순환 평가방법론을 만들고 이를 활용한 지역별 관리계획 및 우선순위를 결정하고자하였다. PSR framework는 지속가능성을 위해 OECD가 개발한 개념 모형이며, Pressure, State, Response 세 가지 요소로 구분해 평가하게된다. PSR framework의 기본 개념은 인간의 활동들이 환경에 압력 (P)를 주고, 이로 인해 자연의 질과 영향 (S)을 미치며, 이에대한 회복을 위해 인식과 행동을 통해 정책과 제도 등을 통해 반응 (R)한다는 것이다. 유역 물순환을 4가지 그룹 (기후, 수문학적, 사회경제학적, 환경적)으로 구분하고 각 그룹 별 평가요소에 대하여 도출하였다. 기후그룹은 강우, 수문학적 그룹은 증발산, 토지이용, 유출특성을, 사회경제학적 그룹은 재정, 사회구조, 기반시설, 정책을, 환경적 그룹은 수질, 수생태계를 선정하였다. 이후 각 요소 별 평가를 위해 다양한 지표를 고려하여 선정하였으며, 각 지표를 PSR framework에 맞춰 재분류하였다. 각 지표를 하나의 점수로 통합하기 위해 지표 별 가중치를 산정하였으며, 이때 연구자의 주관이 반영되지않는 엔트로피 기법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 구한 식을 통해 우리나라 소유역구분을 기준으로 모든 지표를 계산하였으며, 각 지표에 가중치를 적용해 유역 종합점수를 산정하고 유역 별 취약지역 및 취약요소를 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2021

계획하폭의 수리설계는 수문분석에 의하여 결정되는 설계홍수량을 주변지역 주택이나 농지 침수를 방지하지 않도록 하도내에서 수위를 과다하게 상승시키지 않은 상태에서 안전하게 하류로 소통시킬 수 있는 가장 경제적인 하도의 폭을 결정하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 현재 소하천 하폭의 수리설계는 지형 또는 현장 여건에 따라 계획홍수량을 결정하고, 경험식에 의한 방법 또는 도식에 의한 방법(방정식과 수리학 공식에 의한 방법)등을 이용하여 하류수위를 산정함으로써 이루어진다. 그러나 하도내 흐름이 자유수면을 가지는 개수로 흐름인 경우 도표 또는 간략화된 경험식을 이용해서는 정확한 하폭을 산정할 수 없다. 기존에 개발된 계획하폭 경험식은 홍수량에 기반한 단일 회귀식과 다양한 하천특성과 흐름특성을 이용한 다중 회귀식으로 구분된다. 그러나 현재 계획하폭 결정에 가장 많이 사용되는 경험식은 홍수량을 이용한 단일 회귀식인데, 이들은 자료수집의 어려움 때문에 지역과 하천특성을 고려하지 않고 모든 하천에 적용 가능하도록 개발되어 적용 시 세심한 주의가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 경험식을 보완함으로써 적용성을 제고하기 위하여 전국 소하천을 지역에 따라 세분화하고 흐름특성과 하천특성 자료를 수집하였다. 이렇게 수집된 자료를 위치에 따라 세분화하고 기존에 개발된 경험식과 동일한 형태로 계획하폭 경험식을 개발하였다. 개발된 경험식을 검증하는 방법은 자료를 두 개의 그룹으로 분리하고 개발에 사용되지 않은 자료 그룹을 사용함으로써 검증의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 더불어 기존의 경험식과 비교하는 방법으로 개발된 회귀식의 적용성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 계획하폭 경험식은 지역특성과 흐름특성을 고려한 계획하폭 산정에 활용이 가능함으로써 홍수에 안전한 소하천 수리설계에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.